瞿慶紅+羅利飛
[摘要] 目的 探討彩色多普勒超聲對類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎腕關(guān)節(jié)病變的應(yīng)用價值。 方法 選取在我院就診的類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎患者共50例作為觀察組,選擇同期在我院健康體檢人員50例為對照組。兩組均接受彩色多普勒超聲檢查腕關(guān)節(jié),觀察并比較兩組關(guān)節(jié)腔滑膜結(jié)構(gòu)及滑膜內(nèi)血流情況的差異。 結(jié)果 觀察組患者的腕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜厚度明顯大于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組患者腕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜增厚、關(guān)節(jié)腔積液及骨質(zhì)破壞百分比均明顯高于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);觀察組患者腕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜內(nèi)血流信號豐富百分比明顯高于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組患者腕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜動脈血流RI值明顯低于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 彩色多普勒超聲能較好地顯示類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎腕關(guān)節(jié)病變情況,能為臨床早期診斷及治療提供客觀的依據(jù)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎;腕關(guān)節(jié)病變;彩色多普勒超聲;應(yīng)用價值
[中圖分類號] R445.1;R593.22 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] B [文章編號] 1673-9701(2017)33-0102-04
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the application value of color Doppler ultrasonography in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis wrist lesions. Methods A total of 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were admitted to our hospital were selected as the observation group. 50 healthy subjects who received physical examination during the same period of time were selected as the control group. Both groups were given color Doppler ultrasound for the examination of the wrist, and the differences of synovial membrane structure and synovial blood flow between the two groups were observed and compared. Results The thickness of synovial membrane of the wrist joint in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); the percentage of wrist joint synovial thickening, joint effusion and bone destruction in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01); the percentage of abundant signals of blood flow in the synovial membrane of the wrist joint in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); the RI value of synovial arterial blood flow in the wrist joint in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasonography can better show the rheumatoid arthritis wrist lesions, which can provide an objective basis for clinical early diagnosis and treatment.
[Key words] Rheumatoid arthritis; Wrist lesions; Color Doppler ultrasonography; Application value
類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎是一種慢性、以炎性滑膜炎為主的自身免疫性疾病,好發(fā)于中年女性,其病情反復(fù)發(fā)作,導(dǎo)致關(guān)節(jié)的不可逆損傷,直接影響患者的日常生活[1,2]。類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎發(fā)病原因至今不明,如不及時治療,致殘率高,嚴(yán)重影響患者的生活質(zhì)量。早期診治能夠明顯改善患者預(yù)后,減少殘疾的發(fā)生和經(jīng)濟(jì)的浪費(fèi),但早期診斷類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎較困難[3,4]。近年來有研究顯示彩色多普勒超聲能夠很好地反映關(guān)節(jié)及滑膜病變,在診斷類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎方面具有一定的價值[5-8]。本研究采用彩色多普勒超聲檢測類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎腕關(guān)節(jié)情況,探討其在類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎診斷中的應(yīng)用價值,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。endprint
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
選取2016年1月~2017年1月期間在我院就診的類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎患者共50例為觀察組。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):符合1987年美國類風(fēng)濕病學(xué)會制定的類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[9]。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)腕關(guān)節(jié)外傷或手術(shù)史;(2)長期服用激素類藥物。選擇同期在我院健康體檢人員50例為對照組。兩組在年齡分布、性別構(gòu)成等方面比較差異不明顯(P>0.05),具有可比性。見表1。
1.2檢查方法
兩組均使用彩色多普勒超聲檢查腕關(guān)節(jié),彩色多普勒超聲儀器使用Vivid 7超聲診斷儀器(美國GE公司),超聲探頭選擇7.5 MHz高頻超聲探頭,檢查模式選擇關(guān)節(jié)模式。所有被檢查者均取仰臥位或坐位,手臂伸直,充分暴露腕關(guān)節(jié),使用灰階超聲模式觀察并記錄腕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜情況,包括關(guān)節(jié)腔有無積液、關(guān)節(jié)面是否光滑、骨質(zhì)有無破壞,并在滑膜最厚處檢測滑膜厚度。采用彩色多普勒超聲模式檢測腕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜內(nèi)血流情況,觀察滑膜內(nèi)血流信號,囑患者平靜呼吸,對患者滑膜動脈血流進(jìn)行取樣,取樣框?qū)挾冗x擇2~3 mm,取樣線與血管夾角小于30°,根據(jù)血流頻譜測量阻力指數(shù)(RI)。采用相同方法檢測對側(cè)腕關(guān)節(jié),所有記錄數(shù)值均測量3次,取平均值為最終測量結(jié)果。觀察兩組關(guān)節(jié)腔滑膜情況,并同時檢測兩組腕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜內(nèi)血流情況。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)
1.3.1 腕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜情況 包括滑膜厚度、滑膜有無增厚、關(guān)節(jié)腔有無積液、骨質(zhì)有無破壞。其中滑膜厚度≥3 mm為滑膜增厚。
1.3.2 腕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜血流信號分級[10] 0級:滑膜內(nèi)未見血流信號;Ⅰ級:滑膜內(nèi)可見1~2處點(diǎn)狀血流信號;Ⅱ級:滑膜內(nèi)見較多血流信號,呈短條狀,小于滑膜面50%;Ⅲ級:滑膜內(nèi)可見多處血流信號,呈樹枝狀或網(wǎng)狀,超過滑膜面50%。其中血流信號豐富=Ⅱ級+Ⅲ級。
1.3.3腕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜動脈RI檢測 對患者滑膜動脈血流進(jìn)行取樣,取樣框?qū)挾冗x擇2~3 mm,取樣線與血管夾角小于30°,根據(jù)血流頻譜測量滑膜動脈RI。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS18.0 for windows軟件對資料進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析處理,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間比較用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1兩組腕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜情況比較
觀察組患者腕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜厚度大于對照組(P<0.05),腕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜增厚、關(guān)節(jié)腔積液及骨質(zhì)破壞百分比均明顯高于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。見表2。
2.2兩組腕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜內(nèi)血流情況比較
觀察組患者的腕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜內(nèi)血流信號豐富百分比明顯高于對照組(P<0.05),觀察組腕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜動脈血流RI值低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表3及圖1。
3討論
類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎是風(fēng)濕病中最常見的類型,在我國發(fā)病率達(dá)到0.3%,是造成我國人群喪失勞動力與致殘的最主要原因[11,12]。有研究顯示如不及時治療有75%以上的患者會在3年內(nèi)出現(xiàn)殘疾,給患者身心造成嚴(yán)重的損害,同時也會給患者家庭及社會帶來沉重的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。早期診斷及治療是改善患者預(yù)后的關(guān)鍵,有研究顯示患病前三個月是治療的最佳時間,被稱為治療的窗口期[13,14]。以往臨床上診斷類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎往往依靠臨床癥狀及血清類風(fēng)濕性因子等實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查,診斷準(zhǔn)確性較高,但診斷時往往病程時間已經(jīng)較長,部分患者甚至已經(jīng)致殘,錯失最佳的治療時機(jī)[15,16]。類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎早期表現(xiàn)為滑膜充血及水腫,隨著滑膜增生和血管翳的逐漸形成,對關(guān)節(jié)軟骨和軟骨下骨質(zhì)的侵蝕作用進(jìn)一步加深,最終導(dǎo)致關(guān)節(jié)硬化和畸形,X線檢查對早期病變及軟組織病變的診斷具有局限性,近年來隨著MRI的出現(xiàn),MRI檢查成為診斷類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎最有效的輔助檢查手段,但價格昂貴,難以在臨床廣泛使用[17,18]。尋找更為合適的輔助檢查手段為臨床早期診斷類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎提供有效幫助成為臨床關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。
彩色多普勒超聲是臨床最常用的輔助檢查儀器,具有快速簡便、可重復(fù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠等優(yōu)點(diǎn),但以往彩色多普勒超聲較少應(yīng)用于骨關(guān)節(jié)疾病的診斷[19-21]。近年來,隨著彩色多普勒超聲儀器的不斷更新及骨骼肌肉超聲診斷的進(jìn)步,彩色多普勒超聲對骨關(guān)節(jié)的分辨率得到較大的提升,超聲能很好地分辨關(guān)節(jié)組織,清晰顯示關(guān)節(jié)軟骨、 關(guān)節(jié)間隙及關(guān)節(jié)腔等解剖結(jié)構(gòu),其在類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎診斷及治療中的應(yīng)用價值受到關(guān)注[22-24]。腕關(guān)節(jié)是類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎最早累及的關(guān)節(jié),因此,采用彩色多普勒超聲檢測腕關(guān)節(jié)成為早期診斷類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎的首選方法[25-28]。本次研究顯示觀察組腕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜厚度大于對照組,觀察組腕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜增厚、關(guān)節(jié)腔積液及骨質(zhì)破壞百分比均高于對照組。我們考慮這與類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎的病程進(jìn)展有關(guān),腕關(guān)節(jié)最早受累后出現(xiàn)滑膜炎,隨著滑膜炎的進(jìn)展,滑膜不斷增厚,形成血管翳,逐漸破壞骨質(zhì),導(dǎo)致關(guān)節(jié)腔積液及畸形的發(fā)生,因此觀察組的滑膜、關(guān)節(jié)、骨質(zhì)病變的百分比明顯高于對照組。同時本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)觀察組腕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜內(nèi)血流信號豐富百分比明顯高于對照組,觀察組腕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜動脈血流RI值低于對照組,我們考慮這與病程進(jìn)展中滑膜增生有關(guān),增生的滑膜主要由新生血管及炎癥細(xì)胞組成,因此觀察組關(guān)節(jié)滑膜內(nèi)血流信號更為豐富,并呈現(xiàn)低阻力狀態(tài)。由此可見類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎患者有特異的灰階及彩色多普勒超聲表現(xiàn),采用彩色多普勒超聲能夠早期對類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎進(jìn)行有效地診斷,為臨床早期治療提供幫助。但本研究未對治療后類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎患者的彩色多普勒超聲表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行研究,在下一步研究中將進(jìn)一步完善[29-33]。
總之,彩色多普勒超聲能較好地顯示類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎腕關(guān)節(jié)病變情況,能為臨床早期診斷及治療提供客觀的依據(jù)。
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(收稿日期:2017-09-13)endprint