甘淑珍
[摘要] 目的 探討分娩球聯(lián)合自由體位在初產(chǎn)婦助產(chǎn)護(hù)理中的干預(yù)效果。 方法 選擇2017年10月~2018年11月初產(chǎn)婦80例作為對(duì)象,隨機(jī)數(shù)字表分為對(duì)照組(n=40)和觀察組(n=40)。對(duì)照組給予常規(guī)護(hù)理,觀察組在其基礎(chǔ)上應(yīng)用分娩球聯(lián)合自由體位,比較分娩時(shí)產(chǎn)痛程度情況,對(duì)分娩前后心理情況評(píng)估,比較分娩方式與結(jié)局。 結(jié)果 觀察組產(chǎn)婦0級(jí)疼痛、1級(jí)疼痛(χ2=9.172,P=0.012)、2級(jí)疼痛(χ2=7.551,P=0.018)、3級(jí)疼痛(χ2=4.249,P=0.024)的例數(shù)顯著優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);分娩前兩組產(chǎn)婦HAMD與HAMA評(píng)分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);觀察組產(chǎn)婦在分娩之后HAMD與HAMA評(píng)分顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組產(chǎn)婦要求并且進(jìn)行剖宮產(chǎn)(χ2=8.218,P=0.013)、產(chǎn)后大出血(χ2=4.114,P=0.022)情況顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組產(chǎn)婦進(jìn)行陰道分娩(χ2=7.749,P=0.019)例數(shù)高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 將分娩球聯(lián)合自由體位用于初產(chǎn)婦助產(chǎn)護(hù)理中,有助于產(chǎn)婦分娩,值得推廣應(yīng)用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 分娩球聯(lián)合自由體位;初產(chǎn)婦;常規(guī)護(hù)理;產(chǎn)痛程度;分娩方式
[Abstract] Objective To explore the intervention effect of delivery ball combined with free body position on midwifery nursing of primiparas. Methods 80 primiparas from October 2017 to November 2018 were selected as the subjects and divided into the control group(n=40) and the observation group(n=40) through the random number table. The control group was given routine nursing, while the observation group was given delivery ball combined with free body position on the basis of routine nursing. The degree of labor pain during delivery was compared, the psychological status before and after delivery was evaluated, and the delivery mode and outcome were compared. Results The number of cases with grade 0 pain, grade 1 pain(χ2=9.172, P=0.012), grade 2 pain (χ2=7.551, P=0.018) and grade 3 pain (χ2=4.249, P=0.024) in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in HAMD and HAMA scores between the two groups before delivery(P>0.05). The scores of HAMD and HAMA of the primiparas in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after delivery, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). The cases of requiring cesarean section(χ2=8.218, P=0.013) and of postpartum hemorrhage(χ2=4.114, P=0.022) in the observation group were significantly fewer than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The number of vaginal delivery(χ2=7.749, P=0.019) in the observation group was larger than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The combination of delivery ball and free body position in midwifery nursing of primiparas is helpful for them to give birth and is worth popularization and application.
[Key words] Delivery ball combined with free body position; Primipara; Routine nursing; Degree of labor pain; Delivery mode
近些年,越來越多的初產(chǎn)婦在分娩時(shí)選擇剖腹產(chǎn)的方式,其中主要原因是產(chǎn)婦在初次分娩時(shí)因經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足、心態(tài)較差等原因放大疼痛感,所以選擇了疼痛程度相對(duì)較低的剖腹產(chǎn)。但是相關(guān)資料顯示,剖腹產(chǎn)在胎兒發(fā)育以及產(chǎn)婦后期身體恢復(fù)方面是較差的[1-2]。因此,如何降低自然分娩時(shí)的疼痛感,讓更多的初產(chǎn)婦選擇自然分娩成為了當(dāng)前的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)研究方向,各式各樣的方法層出不窮[3]。分娩球聯(lián)合自由體位便是當(dāng)前減輕疼痛、縮短產(chǎn)程的一個(gè)方法,且得到了較為廣泛的應(yīng)用,但是目前此方面的具體研究較少[4]。因此,本文采用隨機(jī)對(duì)照方法進(jìn)行研究,探討分娩球聯(lián)合自由體位在初產(chǎn)婦助產(chǎn)護(hù)理中的干預(yù)效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1臨床資料
選擇2017年10月~2018年11月初產(chǎn)婦80例作為對(duì)象,隨機(jī)數(shù)字表分為對(duì)照組(n=40)和觀察組(n=40)。對(duì)照組40例,年齡22~28歲,平均(26.22±2.01)歲。孕周38~41周,平均(39.52±2.21)周。觀察組40例,年齡23~29歲,平均(27.15±0.97)歲。孕周38~41周,平均(39.04±0.79)周。兩組產(chǎn)婦臨床資料比較均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
1.2納入、排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):產(chǎn)婦同意本次研究且配合醫(yī)護(hù)人員對(duì)其進(jìn)行相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)[5]。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):合并精神異常者[6]。
1.3 方法
對(duì)照組給予常規(guī)護(hù)理,主要包括對(duì)產(chǎn)婦進(jìn)行胎心監(jiān)測(cè)以及相關(guān)健康宣傳等;叮囑初產(chǎn)婦在分娩過程中應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)等。觀察組在其基礎(chǔ)上應(yīng)用分娩球聯(lián)合自由體位,要求醫(yī)護(hù)人員根據(jù)產(chǎn)婦具體身體形態(tài)等選擇大小適宜的分娩球,并提前將分娩球放在瑜伽墊上,在周圍墻上安置把手供孕婦使用。對(duì)于坐姿方面,要求醫(yī)護(hù)人員在產(chǎn)婦的宮口開到3 cm左右(宮縮期間)幫助孕婦騎坐在分娩球上,將手臂下垂,分開雙腿并搖擺胯部。對(duì)于站姿方面,要求醫(yī)護(hù)人員指導(dǎo)產(chǎn)婦在站立的同時(shí)將分娩球放在胸前并呈環(huán)抱姿態(tài),身體緩慢地向前傾最終使頭部靠在分娩球上。對(duì)于跪姿方面,應(yīng)幫助產(chǎn)婦緩慢跪下并重復(fù)站姿所做動(dòng)作。在產(chǎn)婦進(jìn)行分娩球聯(lián)合自由體位期間,醫(yī)護(hù)人員要與產(chǎn)婦適當(dāng)對(duì)話,減輕產(chǎn)婦的緊張度,以便提高助產(chǎn)效果。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo)
(1)產(chǎn)痛程度情況。要求醫(yī)護(hù)人員對(duì)產(chǎn)婦在生產(chǎn)過程中的疼痛程度進(jìn)行級(jí)別劃分,并計(jì)算不同疼痛程度的產(chǎn)婦例數(shù),計(jì)算百分比。其中無痛計(jì)為0級(jí),產(chǎn)婦出現(xiàn)輕微疼痛且可忍受計(jì)為1級(jí)疼痛;產(chǎn)婦疼痛感明顯并且伴有出汗,呼吸急促狀況但是可以忍受計(jì)為2級(jí)疼痛;產(chǎn)婦出現(xiàn)大聲喊叫且疼痛難忍并需要服用止痛藥計(jì)為3級(jí)疼痛[7]。(2)分娩前后心理情況比較。讓產(chǎn)婦在分娩前后填寫漢密爾頓抑郁量表(HAMD)與焦慮量表(HAMA)以此測(cè)評(píng)產(chǎn)婦的心理焦慮與抑郁的程度,HAMD量表的總分為68分,HAMA量表總分為56分[8]。分?jǐn)?shù)越高代表產(chǎn)婦焦慮抑郁程度越高,心理情況越差[9]。(3)分娩方式與分娩結(jié)局。比較兩組順利進(jìn)行陰道分娩的產(chǎn)婦例數(shù),要求并且進(jìn)行剖宮產(chǎn)例數(shù),及發(fā)生產(chǎn)后大出血例數(shù)并計(jì)算百分比[10-11]。
1.5統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
采用SPSS22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件處理,計(jì)數(shù)資料行χ2檢驗(yàn),采用[n(%)]表示,計(jì)量資料行t檢驗(yàn),采用(x±s)表示,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組產(chǎn)婦的產(chǎn)痛程度情況比較
觀察組產(chǎn)婦0級(jí)疼痛、1級(jí)疼痛(χ2=9.172,P=0.012)、2級(jí)疼痛(χ2=7.551,P=0.018)、3級(jí)疼痛(χ2=4.249,P=0.024)的例數(shù)顯著優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2兩組產(chǎn)婦分娩前后心理情況比較
分娩前兩組產(chǎn)婦HAMD與HAMA評(píng)分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),經(jīng)過15 d護(hù)理后,觀察組產(chǎn)婦在分娩之后HAMD與HAMA評(píng)分顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3兩組產(chǎn)婦的分娩方式與分娩結(jié)局比較
觀察組產(chǎn)婦進(jìn)行剖宮產(chǎn)(χ2=8.218,P=0.013)、產(chǎn)后大出血(χ2=4.114,P=0.022)情況顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組產(chǎn)婦進(jìn)行陰道分娩(χ2=7.749,P=0.019)例數(shù)高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表3。
3 討論
分娩是女性繁衍的一個(gè)重要階段,很多女性在分娩前后都會(huì)產(chǎn)生恐懼、緊張、害怕等不良心理,尤其是對(duì)于初產(chǎn)婦來說,因缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn),負(fù)面情緒更容易產(chǎn)生[12]。相關(guān)資料顯示,這種緊張情緒的產(chǎn)生會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響產(chǎn)婦體內(nèi)的激素分泌,極易導(dǎo)致其體力的消耗,血壓的升高等,隨之會(huì)導(dǎo)致宮縮反應(yīng)加劇,影響產(chǎn)婦正常的分娩。加上自然分娩時(shí)疼痛劇烈,因此越來越多的初產(chǎn)婦在分娩方式的選擇上更傾向于剖宮產(chǎn)[13]。但是剖腹產(chǎn)容易導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)婦子宮留下傷痕,推遲母乳出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間,若產(chǎn)后護(hù)理不當(dāng)甚至容易引發(fā)一系列的并發(fā)癥[14]??梢?,與剖腹產(chǎn)相比,自然分娩更有助于胎兒以及產(chǎn)婦整體的身體康復(fù)。因此,想要提高自然分娩率最重要的兩個(gè)因素就是降低疼痛度并減輕緊張感。分娩球聯(lián)合自由體位是近些年應(yīng)用較為廣泛的助產(chǎn)方式,通過對(duì)產(chǎn)婦進(jìn)行坐姿、站姿以及跪姿方面的體位指導(dǎo),以物理的方式降低了分娩過程中的疼痛感。在本研究中,觀察組產(chǎn)婦0級(jí)疼痛、1級(jí)疼痛(χ2=9.172,P=0.012)、2級(jí)疼痛(χ2=7.551,P=0.018)、3級(jí)疼痛(χ2=4.249,P=0.024)的例數(shù)顯著優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),由此可見,在常規(guī)基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)初產(chǎn)婦應(yīng)用分娩球聯(lián)合自由體位進(jìn)行助產(chǎn),有效降低了產(chǎn)婦在生產(chǎn)過程中的疼痛度。
分娩球聯(lián)合自由體位是一種較為有效的助產(chǎn)方式。當(dāng)孕婦坐在分娩球上時(shí),其臀部得到了大面積的支撐,球面的凸起能夠?qū)ε璧捉M織進(jìn)行一定的按摩,以此達(dá)到改善骨盆傾斜并減少下肢壓力的作用,從而幫助產(chǎn)婦降低體力消耗,降低疼痛感,順利分娩[15]。常規(guī)的護(hù)理方式主要以常規(guī)檢查為主,容易忽略產(chǎn)婦的情緒變化。很多初產(chǎn)婦在生產(chǎn)之前容易緊張、害怕,這種情緒是不利于分娩的[16]。而分娩球的使用可以幫助產(chǎn)婦轉(zhuǎn)移一部分的注意力,最大程度降低緊張情緒的干擾。在本研究中,分娩前兩組產(chǎn)婦HAMD與HAMA評(píng)分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),經(jīng)過15 d護(hù)理后,觀察組產(chǎn)婦在分娩之后HAMD與HAMA評(píng)分顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),說明分娩球聯(lián)合自由體位的應(yīng)用有效減輕了產(chǎn)婦在分娩之后負(fù)面情緒的產(chǎn)生,這在一定程度上也降低產(chǎn)后抑郁等不良事件的發(fā)生。在本研究中,觀察組產(chǎn)婦進(jìn)行剖宮產(chǎn)(χ2=8.218,P=0.013)、產(chǎn)后大出血(χ2=4.114,P=0.022)情況顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組產(chǎn)婦進(jìn)行陰道分娩(χ2=7.749,P=0.019)例數(shù)高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),由此可見,對(duì)于初產(chǎn)婦來說,與常規(guī)的護(hù)理方式相比,分娩球聯(lián)合自由體位的應(yīng)用更有助產(chǎn)婦進(jìn)行陰道分娩,這種分娩方式對(duì)于胎兒的健康也是更為有益的。
綜上所述,將分娩球聯(lián)合自由體位用于初產(chǎn)婦助產(chǎn)護(hù)理中,減輕了患者在分娩期間的疼痛程度以及消極心理的產(chǎn)生,產(chǎn)婦陰道分娩的成功率較高,值得推廣應(yīng)用。
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(收稿日期:2020-02-24)