李遠(yuǎn) 馬珂 劉文生 單華超 牛曉輝
原位微波消融術(shù)治療骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌
李遠(yuǎn) 馬珂 劉文生 單華超 牛曉輝
目的探討原位微波消融術(shù)在骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌治療中的安全性和有效性。方法2009 年 9 月至 2013年 2 月,我科收治的骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌 40 例,共 43 處接受原位微波消融術(shù)治療。其中男 23 例、女 17 例,平均年齡55.9 ( 21~83 ) 歲。單發(fā)骨轉(zhuǎn)移 16 例,多發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移 24 例。肺癌 14 例,肝癌 5 例,腎癌 6 例,乳腺癌 2 例,子宮內(nèi)膜癌 3 例,甲狀腺癌 2 例,宮頸癌、食道癌各 1 例,原發(fā)不明 6 例。手術(shù)部位:骨盆 16 處,股骨 13 處,脛骨 7 處,肱骨 6 處,肩胛骨 1 處。病理骨折 11 例,均為肢體長骨病理骨折。43 處中 42 處行原位微波消融后刮除手術(shù),1 處肩胛骨轉(zhuǎn)移微波消融后行邊緣切除;2 處未進(jìn)行重建,5 處單純使用骨水泥重建,其余 36處行骨水泥填充加金屬內(nèi)固定物重建。術(shù)后每 3 個月一次隨訪,并對術(shù)后患者的生存率、局部復(fù)發(fā)率、圍手術(shù)期并發(fā)癥、VAS 評分及功能評分進(jìn)行評價。采用 Kaplan-Meier 方法和 Log-Rank 實驗對比進(jìn)行生存分析,分別在術(shù)前、術(shù)后 1 周、術(shù)后 3 個月用 VAS 法進(jìn)行疼痛評分,采用 MSTS 保肢評分系統(tǒng)對術(shù)后隨訪超過 3 個月的患者進(jìn)行功能評分。結(jié)果40 例均獲隨訪,平均隨訪 12.9 ( 3~41 ) 個月,中位隨訪時間 10.4 個月。隨訪期間死亡 17 例,存活 23 例??傮w 6 個月生存率 89.6%,1 年生存率 83.8%,2 年生存率 60.9%。17 例死亡患者術(shù)后存活平均 9.5 ( 2~22 ) 個月。是否發(fā)生病理骨折對生存率有顯著影響 ( χ2=11.662,P=0.001 ),無病理骨折患者 1 年生存率 80.8%,有病理骨折患者 1 年生存率 29.2%。局部復(fù)發(fā)率 11.6% ( 5 / 43 ),復(fù)發(fā)時間術(shù)后 16.4 ( 5~35 ) 個月。圍手術(shù)期并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率 4.7%,未出現(xiàn)內(nèi)固定失效、病理骨折等其它并發(fā)癥。術(shù)前 VAS評分,平均 7.8 ( 5~9 ) 分。術(shù)后 1 周評分,平均 3.0 ( 1~5 ) 分。術(shù)后 3 個月評分,平均 2.6 ( 1~6 ) 分。術(shù)后1 周、3 個月分別與術(shù)前相比,疼痛程度明顯減輕,且差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義 ( t=22.889,P=0.000 和 t=22.934,P=0.000 )。參與功能評分 41 處,平均 22 ( 10~28 ) 分。其中優(yōu) 68% ( 28 / 41 ),良 17% ( 7 / 41 ),中 10% ( 4 / 41 ),差 5% ( 2 / 41 ),最終優(yōu)良率 85%。結(jié)論原位微波消融術(shù)治療骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌是一種安全有效的方法,對局部病灶可以緩解疼痛,控制腫瘤進(jìn)展。
導(dǎo)管消融術(shù);骨腫瘤;腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移;微波
隨著人類平均壽命延長,惡性腫瘤對人類的威脅日顯突出。幾乎每種惡性腫瘤均可發(fā)生骨轉(zhuǎn)移,據(jù)統(tǒng)計,約 50% 的原發(fā)癌有轉(zhuǎn)移至骨骼的趨勢,骨骼是繼肺和肝臟之后第三常見的轉(zhuǎn)移部位[1]。對已經(jīng)發(fā)生病理骨折和有可能發(fā)生病理性骨折的高危骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌患者,進(jìn)行手術(shù)治療,可以使患者獲得迅速堅強固定,使患者能在術(shù)后早期負(fù)重,從而改善生活質(zhì)量。本研究對微波消融技術(shù)姑息性治療骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌進(jìn)行回顧分析,探討該技術(shù)治療中的適應(yīng)證、并發(fā)癥,并評估術(shù)后治療效果,從而評價其在骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌治療中的安全性和有效性。
一、臨床資料
2009 年 9 月至 2012 年 2 月,我科使用原位微波消融技術(shù)治療骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌 40 例,其中男 23 例,女 17 例,平均年齡 55.9 ( 21~83 ) 歲。所有患者入院后行 X 線片、CT、MRI、肺 CT 及全身骨掃描等常規(guī)影像學(xué)檢查,部分患者行 PET-CT 檢查。入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):( 1 ) 有惡性腫瘤病史,骨病灶經(jīng) X 線片、MRI、CT 或 PET-CT 診斷為惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移;或者無惡性腫瘤病史,骨病灶活檢或細(xì)胞學(xué)診斷為惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移。( 2 ) 預(yù)期存活 3 個月以上。( 3 ) 全身狀況可,可以接受手術(shù)及麻醉。( 4 ) 已經(jīng)發(fā)生病理骨折或有潛在病理骨折風(fēng)險患者 ( Mirels 評分>8 )。 ( 5 ) 不能進(jìn)行廣泛切除或廣泛切除后對功能影響大需要漫長恢復(fù)期者。其中單發(fā)骨轉(zhuǎn)移 16 例,多發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移 24 例。按照原發(fā)病灶分類:肺癌 14 例,肝癌5 例,腎癌 6 例,乳腺癌 2 例,甲狀腺癌 2 例、子宮內(nèi)膜癌 3 例,宮頸癌、食道癌各 1 例,原發(fā)不明6 例。病理骨折 11 例,均為肢體長骨病理骨折。1 例行 2 處手術(shù),1 例行 3 處,其它病例各 1 處,共43 處病灶行原位微波消融手術(shù)治療。手術(shù)部位:骨盆 16 處,股骨 13 處,脛骨 7 處,肱骨 6 處,肩胛骨 1 處。
二、手術(shù)方法
術(shù)前經(jīng)影像學(xué)確定腫瘤累及范圍,包括骨內(nèi)受累范圍及軟組織受累范圍,確定術(shù)中消融范圍及刮除范圍。40 例共 43 處行手術(shù)治療,其中 42 處行原位微波消融后刮除手術(shù),1 處肩胛骨轉(zhuǎn)移微波消融后行邊緣切除;2 處未進(jìn)行重建,5 處單純使用骨水泥重建,其余 36 處行骨水泥填充加金屬內(nèi)固定物重建。
術(shù)中根據(jù)不同部位腫瘤,按照常規(guī)手術(shù)切口切開,在病灶外正常組織中分離,游離并保護(hù)病灶周圍重要血管神經(jīng),按術(shù)前設(shè)計將要進(jìn)行射頻消融部位完全游離,用濕沙布將正常組織與手術(shù)部分隔離。根據(jù)設(shè)計消融范圍大小,均勻置入微波天線( 南京億高微波系統(tǒng)工程有限公司 ECO-100A 型冷循環(huán)微波刀 ),以 70 W 功率消融。設(shè)置測溫針,維持病灶內(nèi)溫度至少 60 ℃,持續(xù) 15~20 min。在病灶外設(shè)置測溫針,保持正常組織溫度低于 40 ℃。如果外圍溫度升高,可用冷生理鹽水沖洗降溫。完成消融后徹底刮除骨外軟組織內(nèi)腫瘤及髓腔內(nèi)腫瘤,并用高速磨鉆打磨皮質(zhì)骨,保留較完整的皮質(zhì)骨。用蒸餾水及鹽水反復(fù)沖洗后,用骨水泥填充骨內(nèi)缺損部位,鋼板或髓內(nèi)針固定。放置引流管,關(guān)閉傷口(圖1 )。
維持術(shù)后引流,至每日引流<50 ml 后拔除。因術(shù)中行堅強內(nèi)固定,術(shù)后患肢早期開始功能鍛煉。
術(shù)后隨訪均由本院高年資醫(yī)師負(fù)責(zé),系統(tǒng)規(guī)范記錄于科室數(shù)據(jù)庫。復(fù)查方法:術(shù)后每 3 個月隨訪一次,行手術(shù)局部 X 線、B 超檢查。并對術(shù)后患者的生存率、局部復(fù)發(fā)率、圍手術(shù)期并發(fā)癥、VAS 評分及功能評分進(jìn)行評價。
三、評價及統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
1. 對本組患者的生存分析用 Kaplan-Meier 方法和 Log-Rank 實驗對比進(jìn)行。
2. 分別在術(shù)前、術(shù)后 1 周、術(shù)后 3 個月進(jìn)行疼痛評分,分值用成組資料的配對 t 檢驗。
3. 對術(shù)后隨訪超過 3 個月患者,采用 MSTS 保肢評分系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行功能評價[2],取得隨訪期內(nèi)最佳評分。并根據(jù) Manfrini 等對術(shù)后功能評價方式,將MSTS 評分 25.1~30.0 分設(shè)定為優(yōu),20.1~25.0 分為良,16.1~20.0 分為中,≤16 分為差[3]。
4. 使用 Spss13.0 軟件包進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析。
圖 1 a:患者,男,53 歲,穿刺病理報告:骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌。ECT 示右肱骨、胸椎、骶髂關(guān)節(jié)多處轉(zhuǎn)移;b:X 線顯示肱骨干病理骨折;c:術(shù)后 X 線顯示病灶刮除后用骨水泥填充,并用鋼板內(nèi)固定;d:根據(jù)術(shù)前影像學(xué)定位,術(shù)中先游離要進(jìn)行微波消融部位,并用濕鹽水紗布將其與周圍正常組織隔開;e:進(jìn)行微波消融,在病灶內(nèi)及病灶外分別設(shè)置測溫針,保證病灶內(nèi)溫度 60 ℃ 以上,周圍組織溫度 40 ℃以下。周圍組織降溫可用冷生理鹽水沖洗進(jìn)行;f:微波消融 20 min 后,腫瘤組織凝固壞死,外表顏色黑褐色;g:刮除腫瘤組織,可見腫瘤組織壞死無出血Fig.1 a: The biopsy report of a 53-year-old male showed bone metastases. The Emission Computed Tomography ( ECT ) showed that multiple metastases in the right humerus, thoracic vertebrae and sacroiliac joint; b: The X-ray showed pathologic fracture in the humeral diaphysis; C: The postoperative X-ray showed that the cavity was flled with polymethylmethacrylate ( PMMA ) after the fracture was fxed with the plate; d: Based on the preoperative imaging investigation, the site of microwave ablation was dissociated, and the normal tissues around were separated by wet saline gauze; e: Microwave ablation was performed. The thermometers were placed inside and outside the target to ensure the temperature was above 60 ℃ inside the target and below 40 ℃ outside the target at the same time. The cold saline was irrigated in order to lower the temperature of the normal tissues around; f: After 20 minutes of microwave ablation, the tumor tissues were coagulated and necrosis. The color turned dark brown; g: Curettage of the tumor tissues was performed, which were necrotic without bleeding
40 例隨訪 3~41 個月,平均 12.9 個月,中位隨訪時間 10.4 個月。隨訪期間死亡 17 例,存活23 例。總體 6 個月生存率 89.6%,1 年生存率83.8%,2 年生存率 60.9% ( 圖2 )。死亡的 17 例術(shù)后存活平均 9.5 ( 2~22 ) 個月。經(jīng) Log-Rank 檢驗,轉(zhuǎn)移部位、原發(fā)疾病種類、單發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移或多發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移等對生存率均無影響 ( P>0.05 ),是否發(fā)生病理骨折對生存率有明顯影響 ( χ2=11.662,P=0.001 ) ( 表1 )。無病理骨折患者 1 年生存率 80.8%,有病理骨折患者1 年生存率 29.2% ( 圖3 )。
43 處隨訪期內(nèi)局部復(fù)發(fā)率 11.6% ( 5 / 43 ),術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)時間平均 16.4 ( 5~35 ) 個月。與我科曾發(fā)表的單純刮除治療骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌的局部復(fù)發(fā)率 27.8% ( 10 / 36 ) 相比,盡管兩組復(fù)發(fā)率差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義( χ2=3.322,P=0.062 ),但原位微波消融術(shù)后局部復(fù)發(fā)率仍較低[4]。
2 例出現(xiàn)圍手術(shù)期并發(fā)癥 ( 4.7% ):1 例甲狀腺癌髂骨轉(zhuǎn)移者術(shù)后 1.5 個月出現(xiàn)深部感染,行清創(chuàng)手術(shù),清除傷口內(nèi)壞死組織,去除重建用的骨水泥及螺釘,重新使用抗生素骨水泥填充后傷口愈合;另 1 例肝癌恥骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者,術(shù)后出現(xiàn)切口皮緣壞死,予清創(chuàng),切除壞死皮緣,重新縫合后愈合。除復(fù)發(fā)和感染外,隨訪期內(nèi)手術(shù)部位未出現(xiàn)內(nèi)固定失效、病理骨折等其它并發(fā)癥。
表1 各種因素對骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌患者生存率的影響Tab.1 The effects of various factors on the survival rate of the patients with bone metastases
圖 2 總體生存率曲線Fig.2 Overall survival curve
圖 3 有、無病理骨折兩組的不同生存曲線,兩組差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義Fig.3 Survival curves of the patients with or without pathologic fractures, and statistically signifcant differences existed between the 2 groups ( P=0.001 )
43 處術(shù)前 VAS 評分,平均 7.8 ( 5~9 ) 分。術(shù)后1 周評分,平均 3.0 ( 1~5 ) 分。術(shù)后 3 個月評分,平均 2.6 ( 1~6 ) 分。術(shù)后 1 周、3 個月分別與術(shù)前相比,疼痛程度明顯減輕,且差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義( t=22.889,P=0.000;t=22.934,P=0.000 )。
參與功能評分的病灶有 41 處,平均評分 22 ( 10~28 ) 分。其中優(yōu) 68% ( 28 / 41 ),良 17% ( 7 / 41 ),可 10% ( 4 / 41 ),差 5% ( 2 / 41 ),最終優(yōu)良率85%。
骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌是最常見的骨腫瘤,其發(fā)生率是原發(fā)骨腫瘤的 20 倍。近年來隨著部分腫瘤患者療效的改善,其骨轉(zhuǎn)移發(fā)生率亦有升高趨勢。骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌患者可出現(xiàn)疼痛、病理性骨折、脊髓壓迫、高鈣血癥等一系列癥狀,嚴(yán)重影響到患者的生活質(zhì)量。盡管骨轉(zhuǎn)移是腫瘤晚期表現(xiàn),大多數(shù)骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌患者最終死于原發(fā)疾病,但隨著生活水平的提高和醫(yī)療觀念的更新,應(yīng)認(rèn)識到骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌并不都是癌癥患者的終末期,恰當(dāng)?shù)刂委熆梢跃徑馓弁?、提高生存質(zhì)量,甚至可以延長生存期[5]。
對于骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌患者的治療包括非手術(shù)治療及手術(shù)治療。前者包括放療、化療、核素療法、麻醉止痛藥物療法、內(nèi)分泌療法等;而手術(shù)治療按照Enneking 手術(shù)切除邊界的原則分為徹底性切除或姑息性切除兩類[6]。第一類整塊切除:對于原發(fā)腫瘤治愈率高,全身狀況好,存活期較長的乳癌、腎癌等,經(jīng)全身檢查證實為單發(fā)骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌病灶,可行邊緣性或廣泛性切除,并重建患者肢體功能,給予患者徹底治療的機會。另一類姑息性切除:對于腫瘤預(yù)后差,生命器官轉(zhuǎn)移,多處轉(zhuǎn)移,徹底切除腫瘤后恢復(fù)期極長者,可行囊內(nèi)切除或單純固定病理骨折,從而起到緩解疼痛、減少并發(fā)癥、改善生活質(zhì)量的作用。本組病例均為經(jīng)臨床檢查適行姑息性手術(shù)患者,僅 1 例肩胛骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者行微波消融后邊緣切除手術(shù)。
微波消融是利用頻率 2450 MHz 的電磁波,使作用范圍內(nèi)的水分子和其它帶電離子發(fā)生震動,產(chǎn)生高溫的技術(shù)。腫瘤組織中含有較多的液體,可以在短時間內(nèi)被加熱到 60 ℃~100 ℃,而造成腫瘤細(xì)胞凝固壞死。手術(shù)中在刮除腫瘤前進(jìn)行原位微波消融,可以將皮質(zhì)骨內(nèi)的腫瘤組織殺滅。在盡量保留骨結(jié)構(gòu)的情況下,減少復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險。按照 Enneking 手術(shù)切除方式描述,囊內(nèi)切除惡性腫瘤,復(fù)發(fā)率幾乎為 100%[6];在以往的報道中,骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌刮除治療后出現(xiàn)復(fù)發(fā)比例也在 26%~67%[4,7]。Pusceddu 報道[8],經(jīng)微波消融治療骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌的局部復(fù)發(fā)率明顯降低,僅 6%。本組病例經(jīng)過原位微波消融再進(jìn)行刮除手術(shù),復(fù)發(fā)率為 11.6%,也低于單純手術(shù)刮除病例。
不同作者對采用人工關(guān)節(jié)置換,還是采用病灶刮除內(nèi)固定方式治療骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌仍有不同觀點。多位作者報道了關(guān)節(jié)置換、刮除等不同手術(shù)方式治療骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌的結(jié)果,其 1 年生存率 17%~70%[9-12],并且患者的生存率與原發(fā)腫瘤類型相關(guān),而與所接受的手術(shù)方式無關(guān)。但對于預(yù)期生存期較短的骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌患者,簡單的手術(shù)方式意味著發(fā)生并發(fā)癥的風(fēng)險更小。在本組病例中圍手術(shù)期并發(fā)癥僅為 4% ( 2 / 46 ),而隨訪期內(nèi)也無內(nèi)固定失效等并發(fā)癥,因此,本研究所采用的原位微波消融后病灶刮除內(nèi)固定手術(shù),在手術(shù)相關(guān)并發(fā)癥方面可能優(yōu)于人工關(guān)節(jié)置換。
圍手術(shù)期出現(xiàn)神經(jīng)血管熱損傷,術(shù)后周圍組織壞死、深部感染、愈合不良等是微波消融術(shù)應(yīng)用于骨腫瘤的常見并發(fā)癥。為此我們采取以下措施進(jìn)行預(yù)防:首先應(yīng)熟悉血管神經(jīng)解剖,術(shù)前根據(jù)影像學(xué)確認(rèn)血管神經(jīng)受壓迫程度,術(shù)中仔細(xì)操作,將血管神經(jīng)適當(dāng)游離,用濕紗布保護(hù),避免其損傷。在處理腫瘤前充分暴露需要微波消融部分,將其與周圍正常組織用濕紗布分隔開,避免周圍組織在消融時受到熱損傷,并可在消融的同時用冷鹽水沖洗紗布,使周圍組織降溫。消融后充分刮除消融部位髓內(nèi)及骨外軟組織腫瘤,僅保留骨皮質(zhì),減少壞死組織造成的感染及延遲愈合。本組病例僅出現(xiàn) 2 例圍手術(shù)期并發(fā)癥,經(jīng)過對癥治療后痊愈。
內(nèi)固定失敗是采用腫瘤刮除內(nèi)固定治療骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌常見的遠(yuǎn)期并發(fā)癥。Wedin 等[13]報道了 16.2% 內(nèi)固定失敗率,Yazawa 等[14]也報道了 10% 內(nèi)固定失敗率。本組病例隨訪期間均未出現(xiàn)內(nèi)固定失敗,可能與我們在手術(shù)中刮除腫瘤組織后,骨缺損部位用骨水泥填充,再行堅強固定有關(guān)。
術(shù)中使用微波消融技術(shù)還可以減少術(shù)中出血。轉(zhuǎn)移癌組織內(nèi)有大量新生腫瘤性血管,直接刮除出血多。在手術(shù)中充分顯露腫瘤組織,在刮除前先進(jìn)行微波消融,局部組織凝固性壞死,甚至焦化,可以封閉血管斷端,減少出血,使手術(shù)操作更從容,提高手術(shù)安全性和徹底性,同時也可以提高患者的耐受性。術(shù)后患者疼痛癥狀明顯減輕,術(shù)后功能也得到良好恢復(fù),肢體功能優(yōu)良率達(dá)到 85%,其遠(yuǎn)期效果令人滿意。
綜上所述,原位微波消融術(shù)治療骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌的生存率高、局部復(fù)發(fā)率低、并發(fā)癥少,是治療骨轉(zhuǎn)移癌安全、有效的方法。它可以使局部病灶緩解疼痛,控制腫瘤進(jìn)展,恢復(fù)患者肢體功能,改善生活治療。
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( 本文編輯:代琴 )
In situ microwave ablation for bone metastases
LI Yuan, MA Ke, LIU Wen-sheng, SHAN Hua-chao, NIU Xiao-hui. Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, PRC
ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and effectiveness of in situ microwave ablation in the treatment of bone metastases.MethodsFrom September 2009 to February 2013, 40 patients with bone metastases were adopted, who all underwent in situ microwave ablation with 43 lesions involved. There were 23 males and 17 females, whose average age was 55.9 years old ( range; 21-83 years ). Solitary bone metastases were found in 16 cases and multiple metastases in 24 cases. There were 14 cases of lung cancer, 5 cases of liver cancer, 6 cases of renal carcinoma, 2 cases of breast cancer, 3 cases of endometrial carcinoma, 2 cases of thyroid carcinoma, 1 case of cervical carcinoma, 1 case of esophageal carcinoma and 6 cases of carcinoma of unknown primary. The operative sites included the pelvis ( n=16 ), the femur ( n=13 ), the tibia ( n=7 ), the humerus ( n=6 ) and the scapula ( n=1 ), and there were 11 case of long bone pathologic fractures of the extremities. Curettage after in situ microwave ablation was performed on 42 of the 43 lesions. Marginal resection after microwave ablation was performed on the patient with bone metastases in the scapula. No reconstruction was carried out in 2 lesions, and reconstruction of bone cement alone in 5 lesions. Bone cement flling and reconstruction with metal implants were carried out in the other 36 lesions. All the patients were followed up once every 3 months. The evaluation indicators included the postoperative survival rate, local recurrence rate, perioperative complications, Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS ) score and functional score. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to analyze the survival rate. The VAS pain scores were recordedpreoperatively and at 1 week and 3 months after the operation. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society ( MSTS ) staging system was used to evaluate the function of the patients who were followed up for more than 3 months.ResultsAll the 40 patients were followed up for a mean period of 12.9 months ( range; 3-41 months ), and the median follow-up period was 10.4 months. During the follow-up, 17 patients died and 23 patients were alive. The 6-month overall survival ( OS ) was 89.6%, and the 1-year and 2-year OS were 83.8% and 60.9% respectively. The postoperative survival time was 9.5 months on average ( range; 2-22 months ) in the 17 patients who fnally died. The occurrence of pathological fracture had a signifcant effect on the OS ( χ2=11.662, P=0.001 ). The 1-year OS was 80.8% in the none-fracture group and 29.2% in the fracture group. The local recurrence rate was 11.6% ( 5/43 ), which occurred at 16.4 months after the operation on average ( range; 5-35 months ). The perioperative complication incidence was 4.7%. No complications such as internal fxation failure or pathological fracture were noticed. The mean VAS score was 7.8 points ( range; 5-9 points ) before the operation and 3.0 points ( range; 1-5 points ) and 2.6 points ( range; 1-6 points ) at 1 week and 3 months after the operation respectively. The ache degree at 1 week and 3 months after the operation was obviously alleviated when compared with that before the operation, and the differences were statistically signifcant ( t=22.889, P=0.000 & t=22.934, P=0.000 ). The mean MSTS score was 22 points ( range; 10-28 points ) in 41 evaluable locations and the excellent and good rate was 85%. There were 28 excellent cases ( 68% ), 7 good cases ( 17% ), 4 fair cases ( 10% ) and 2 poor cases ( 5% ).ConclusionsMicrowave ablation appears to be a safe and effective approach in the treatment of bone metastases, which can relieve local pain and control the development of bone metastases.
Catheter ablation; Bone neoplasms; Neoplasm metastasis; Microwaves
10.3969/j.issn.2095-252X.2014.04.009
R738.1
100035 北京積水潭醫(yī)院骨腫瘤科
牛曉輝,Email: niuxiaohui@263.net
2013-12-25 )