余娟
【摘 要】本文探討同一話題下不同類型的語篇進(jìn)行高三一輪英語詞匯復(fù)習(xí), 結(jié)合實(shí)踐案例闡述如何進(jìn)行話題詞匯復(fù)習(xí),闡明了基于語篇和詞匯學(xué)習(xí)策略對(duì)于提高學(xué)生綜合語言運(yùn)用能力的重要性。
【關(guān)鍵詞】話題詞匯復(fù)習(xí),詞匯學(xué)習(xí)策略, 思維導(dǎo)圖,語篇
詞匯是英語學(xué)習(xí)的基石,高三英語的有效復(fù)習(xí)是建立在扎實(shí)的詞匯基礎(chǔ)上,沒有詞匯就沒有閱讀,所以對(duì)學(xué)生而言,有了足夠的詞匯才有面對(duì)高考的信心。高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)必須幫助學(xué)生建立好高考詞匯庫(kù),但是實(shí)際教學(xué)中不少詞匯教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)流于形式,只是基于模塊或話題的詞匯的簡(jiǎn)單抄寫背誦,效率不高,不能幫助學(xué)生提高效率和培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)策略和提升思維品質(zhì)。
新課標(biāo)(2017)指出,詞匯學(xué)習(xí)不是單純的詞語記憶,也不是獨(dú)立的詞語操練,而是結(jié)合主題,在特定語境下開展的綜合性語言實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。高中階段的詞匯教學(xué)除了引導(dǎo)學(xué)生更深入的理解和更廣泛的運(yùn)用已學(xué)詞匯外,重點(diǎn)是在語境中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的詞塊意識(shí),并通過廣泛閱讀,進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大詞匯量。在學(xué)生詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的過程中,教師要根據(jù)主題,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生使用思維導(dǎo)圖梳理詞匯。通過思維導(dǎo)圖進(jìn)行英語詞匯學(xué)習(xí) , 具有思路清晰、 外觀明了等優(yōu)點(diǎn), 思維導(dǎo)圖的繪制過程既有利于思維擴(kuò)散, 又有利于單詞記憶。
余敏德(2002)認(rèn)為,由篇章構(gòu)成的語境包含的內(nèi)容把篇章的詞語聯(lián)系起來,使學(xué)生更容易從他們的心理詞匯中提取詞匯,有利于詞匯記憶
所以,在高三一輪的詞匯復(fù)習(xí)過程中,筆者嘗試通過詞匯學(xué)習(xí)策略和思維導(dǎo)圖的運(yùn)用的指導(dǎo),呈現(xiàn)高考真題語篇,以及從網(wǎng)絡(luò)摘取的實(shí)時(shí)文章幫助學(xué)生有效復(fù)習(xí)詞匯。
一、詞匯復(fù)習(xí)策略探索
本節(jié)課是飲食話題詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)課,該話題的在高考中出現(xiàn)次數(shù)較多,需要引起重視。
第一部分結(jié)合廣東高考聽說考試三問五答部分,筆者在課前warming up 部分設(shè)計(jì)了三個(gè)問題讓學(xué)生翻譯成中文,從而引出話題:1. 什么是健康的飲食? 2. 你是一個(gè)健康的飲食者?3. 怎么樣做才能保持均衡飲食?What is healthy eating?Are you a healthy eater? How can we keep a balanced diet? 學(xué)生通過課程中不斷呈現(xiàn)的語篇,形成自己的答案,新課標(biāo)提出學(xué)生通過語篇學(xué)習(xí),要形成健康的生活方式和積極的生活態(tài)度,所以這一節(jié)課以這三個(gè)問題為線索貫穿全文,不僅讓學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)語言知識(shí)還樹立健康的生活態(tài)度。
第二部分,教師在前置作業(yè)提供思維導(dǎo)圖給學(xué)生繼續(xù)補(bǔ)充完成,目的在于讓學(xué)生通過回憶話題相關(guān)的詞匯,初步構(gòu)建關(guān)于飲食詞匯思維導(dǎo)圖。
%e5%9b%be%e5%83%8f3159944.PNG
筆者設(shè)計(jì)2個(gè)練習(xí),指導(dǎo)學(xué)生構(gòu)建詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的策略——構(gòu)詞法和猜詞。
練習(xí)1完成填空
combination 詞性_______, 詞根______,詞性_______
詞綴______,更多例子_____________,_________________
beneficial詞性_______, 詞根______,詞性_______
詞綴______,更多例子_______________,__________________
3. healthy詞性_______, 詞根______,詞性_______
詞綴______,更多例子_______________,_
練習(xí)2說出4個(gè)句子中劃線單詞的詞性和中文意思
① The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security (安全)by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses... 2019(全國(guó)卷I)
②I strongly recommend you learning about the brief history of Tang dynasty...
(17年全國(guó)卷I書面表達(dá))
③The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional intelligence
④...do exercises to strengthen your leg muscles(肌肉) 2018(全國(guó)卷1)
讓學(xué)生閱讀下面的句子,這些句子摘選自全國(guó)卷,目的是讓學(xué)生在真題中運(yùn)用詞匯學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)行策略解題。
Choosing meat and certain vegetables over others. Different foods provide different kinds of nutrition.If you don't have a balanced diet,this can result in malnutrition and a weaker body.(學(xué)科網(wǎng))
Watching TV while having meals. Doing this means you dont pay attention to your food, forget how full you are, and so overeat. I can also cause digestion disease.
猜詞
3)But in fact, many people have bad eating habit. I know lots of women who skip breakfast (不吃早餐) , and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it . Some say they dont have time. others think theyre “saving“ calories “(卡路里), still others just dont like breakfast food .(全國(guó)大綱二卷)
4)Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically(身體上). 北京
第五部分 利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)時(shí)文章,通過泛讀畫出話題相關(guān)詞匯,進(jìn)一步幫助學(xué)生擴(kuò)充詞匯,讀完以后給學(xué)生幾分鐘再課堂上進(jìn)一步完成話題詞匯思維導(dǎo)圖,豐富相關(guān)詞匯
閱讀下面的文章找出答案,A quiz to test your knowledge of healthy eating.
OK, let's find out how well you know your nutrition. Here are the answers:
1. False /Eating four to five meals and snacks helps healthy eaters control their appetites, according to numerous studies. The total calories must stay within the range for the eating plan, however.
2. False /Again, it's the total number of calories that matter, not when those calories are consumed.
3. True /Studies have shown that eating breakfast decreases the likelihood that you will overeat later in the day. Breakfast also increases overall energy and helps your brain concentrate, solve problems, and remember facts better.
4. True /Lean meat, yogurt, cheese, nuts and beans are all great proteins that will help keep healthy eaters feeling full longer.
5. False /Skipping meals actually may have the opposite effect. Studies have found that people who skip meals during the day tend to be heavier than people who eat the right foods four or five times a day. When you skip a meal, you may be slowing down your body's metabolism--thus, making your body require fewer calories and converting extra calories to fat.
下面兩個(gè)單詞的意思:
metabolism ____________________________
Skipping meals ____________________________
這一節(jié)課在飲食話題下,精選了高考真題的篇章和網(wǎng)絡(luò)文章, 圍繞食物和飲料完成了思維導(dǎo)圖的詞匯,并且讓學(xué)生意識(shí)到運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法和猜詞幫助理解文章,一節(jié)課時(shí)間有限不能做到面面俱到,還有很多不足之處,筆者將在今后的教學(xué)實(shí)踐中不斷學(xué)習(xí)和提升自我。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 2017 人民教育出版社
[2]劉亞娟 關(guān)于思維導(dǎo)圖促進(jìn)英語詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的探析 第 28 卷第 1期 長(zhǎng)春師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版)
[3]余德敏.2002.探索英語詞匯教學(xué)[J].中小學(xué)英語教學(xué)與研究,(15):17—23.