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    腺苷脫氨酶水平與類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎關(guān)系的薈萃分析

    2020-04-20 10:39:21蔡昕添朱晴吳婷
    中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報 2020年7期
    關(guān)鍵詞:類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎關(guān)系

    蔡昕添 朱晴 吳婷

    [摘要] 目的 系統(tǒng)評價腺苷脫氨酶(ADA)水平與類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎(RA)的關(guān)系。 方法 在PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中國知網(wǎng)、萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫檢索已發(fā)表的關(guān)于ADA水平與RA相關(guān)性的文獻,檢索時間從建庫至2019年6月1日。中文檢索詞:腺苷脫氨酶、腺苷氨基水解酶、類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎、類風(fēng)關(guān);英文檢索詞:ADA,Adenosine Deaminase,Adenosine Aminohydrolase,RA,Rheumatoid Arthritis。由2名研究人員獨立進行文獻篩選、質(zhì)量評價及數(shù)據(jù)提取,若存在爭議,由雙方協(xié)商或由第三方協(xié)助裁定解決。采用GetData Graph Digitizer 2.22軟件對入選文獻中的數(shù)據(jù)進行數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)換提取,Stata 12.0軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)合并、敏感性分析及發(fā)表偏倚評估。 結(jié)果 共納入16篇文獻,包含病例組784例,對照組711例。薈萃分析顯示,病例組ADA水平顯著高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(SMD = 1.37,95%CI:1.00~1.74,P < 0.05)。剔除6篇對薈萃分析結(jié)果影響較大的文獻后,病例組ADA水平顯著高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(SMD = 1.14,95%CI:0.90~1.38,P < 0.05)。Begg檢驗與Egger檢驗結(jié)果提示研究間不存在明顯發(fā)表偏倚(P = 0.631,0.629)。 結(jié)論 RA患者關(guān)節(jié)滑液及血清中ADA水平較正常人明顯增高,血清及關(guān)節(jié)滑液中ADA水平有望成為診斷、評估RA病情活動的一種重要指標(biāo)。

    [關(guān)鍵詞] 類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎;腺苷脫氨酶;關(guān)系;薈萃分析

    [中圖分類號] R593.22? ? ? ? ? [文獻標(biāo)識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2020)03(a)-0081-05

    [Abstract] Objective To systematically evaluate the association between adenosine deaminase (ADA) level and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Published literatures on the correlation between ADA level and RA in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China national knowledge infrastructure and wanfang database were searched. The retrieval time was from the database construction to June 1, 2019. Chinese keywords were adenosine deaminase, adenosine amino hydrolase, rheumatoid arthritis, wind–lik. English keywords were ADA, Adenosine Deaminase, Adenosine Aminohydrolase, RA, Rheunatoid Arthritis. Two researchers shall independently conduct literature screening, quality evaluation and data extraction in accordance. In case of any dispute, both parties shall negotiate or a third party shall assist in adjudication and settlement. GetData Graph Digitizer 2.22 software was used to digitally convert and extract the data in the selected literature and Stata 12.0 software was used to merge the data, sensitivity analysis and publication bias evaluation were carried out. Results A total of 16 articles were enrolled, including 784 cases in the case group and 711 cases in the control group. Meta-analysis showed that the levels of ADA in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group (SMD = 1.37, 95%CI:1.00-1.74, P < 0.05). After the exclusion of 6 literatures with significant influence on the results of meta-analysis, ADA levels in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (SMD = 1.14, 95%CI: 0.90-1.38, P < 0.05). The results of Begg test and Egger test showed that there was no significant publication bias between the studies (P = 0.631, 0.629). Conclusion The levels of ADA in synovial fluid and serum of patients with RA are significantly higher these those of normal people. The levels of ADA in serum and synovial fluid are expected to become an important factor for the diagnosis and evaluation of the disease activity of RA.

    [Key words] Rheumatoid arthritis; Adenosine deaminase; Association; Meta-analysis

    類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一種以慢性關(guān)節(jié)炎為主要臨床特征的自身免疫性疾病[1-3]。腺苷脫氨酶(adenosine deaminase,ADA)是嘌呤代謝過程中一種重要的酶,被認為是細胞免疫的重要標(biāo)志物[4]。近年來發(fā)現(xiàn)ADA可反映系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡等自身免疫性疾病炎癥狀態(tài)下單核-巨噬細胞的活性,因而關(guān)于ADA與自身免疫性疾病間相互關(guān)系的研究已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)下研究的熱點[4-5]。但國內(nèi)外關(guān)于ADA與RA相關(guān)性的各項研究差異較大,部分研究認為ADA水平與RA發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān),另一部分則認為兩者間并無顯著相關(guān)[6-7]。且關(guān)于ADA水平與RA病情活動程度的研究結(jié)論目前仍存較大爭議[8-9]。因此,為綜合評估ADA與RA及其疾病活動程度之間的關(guān)系,本研究擬通過對國內(nèi)外公開發(fā)表的有關(guān)ADA水平與RA相關(guān)性的文獻進行薈萃分析,綜合評估研究間異質(zhì)性從而得出一個更可靠的結(jié)論。

    1 資料與方法

    1.1 文獻檢索

    在PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中國知網(wǎng)、萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫檢索已發(fā)表的關(guān)于ADA水平與RA相關(guān)性的文獻,檢索時間從建庫至2019年6月1日。中文檢索詞:腺苷脫氨酶、腺苷氨基水解酶、類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎、類風(fēng)關(guān);英文檢索詞:ADA,Adenosine Deaminase,Adenosine Aminohydrolase,RA,Rheu-matoid Arthritis。納入標(biāo)準:①研究對象:病例組RA診斷符合1987年美國風(fēng)濕病學(xué)會標(biāo)準[10]或2010年歐洲抗風(fēng)濕病聯(lián)盟診斷標(biāo)準[11];對照組為非RA人群,包括健康對照組、骨關(guān)節(jié)炎組等?;顒悠谂c非活動期評價采用DAS28-ESR評分[12],DAS28-ESR評分>2.6分為活動期。②研究類型:所選文獻為公開發(fā)表的原創(chuàng)性、觀察性研究。③語種限制為中文或英文,且可獲取全文。③測量指標(biāo):能獲取樣本量、均數(shù)與標(biāo)準差或中位數(shù)與四分位數(shù)間距。排除標(biāo)準:①文獻僅為動物實驗、病例報告等;②文獻研究設(shè)計不嚴謹、關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)缺失且無法轉(zhuǎn)換與修正。

    1.2 文獻篩選與資料提取

    2位研究人員獨立進行文獻檢索與去重。逐篇閱讀題目、摘要與關(guān)鍵詞進行初篩,對可能符合標(biāo)準的文獻再逐篇全文閱讀。納入文獻數(shù)據(jù)提取內(nèi)容主要包括作者姓名、病例組與對照組ADA水平等。部分研究未直接提供均數(shù)與標(biāo)準差,而是以散點圖形式表示,采用GetData Graph Digitizer 2.22軟件對圖中數(shù)據(jù)進行數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)換與提取[13]。如果文章未提供重要的原始數(shù)據(jù),將通過電子郵件聯(lián)系通訊作者而獲取數(shù)據(jù)。所提取信息由雙方交叉、獨立核對,如存在爭議,由雙方協(xié)商或由第三方協(xié)助裁定解決。

    1.3 文獻質(zhì)量評價

    采用渥太華量表(NOS)[14]對納入文獻進行質(zhì)量評價。評分項由8項構(gòu)成,滿分為9分,≥6分視為較高質(zhì)量研究,<6分視為低研究質(zhì)量。

    1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法

    采用Stata 12.0軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析。所納入研究的測量指標(biāo)均為連續(xù)性變量但對于ADA的測量方法與計量單位不盡相同,因此效應(yīng)指標(biāo)采用標(biāo)準化均數(shù)差(SMD),各效應(yīng)量均計算95%置信區(qū)間(CI)。當(dāng)I2≤50%時可認為其異質(zhì)性較低,當(dāng)I2>50%時則認為其異質(zhì)性較高。當(dāng)P > 0.1,I2≤50%時,其異質(zhì)性在可接受范圍,合并效應(yīng)量常采用固定效應(yīng)模型;如P < 0.1,I2>50%,則需進一步分析原因,尋找異質(zhì)性來源,對可能造成異質(zhì)性的因素行亞組分析,排除可能存在異質(zhì)性的因素后I2仍>50%者則采用隨機效應(yīng)模型。通過敏感性分析探討單一研究對合并效應(yīng)量的影響,以評估其穩(wěn)定性。通過繪制漏斗圖并做Begg檢驗、Egger檢驗判斷是否存在發(fā)表偏倚及其大小。

    2 結(jié)果

    2.1 文獻檢索結(jié)果

    最終納入文獻16篇,其中英文15篇,中文1篇;病例組784例,對照組711例。見圖1。

    2.2 文獻質(zhì)量評價

    16篇[6-9,15-26]文獻均為高質(zhì)量研究。見表1。

    2.3 薈萃分析結(jié)果

    2.3.1 兩組ADA水平比較? 16篇[6-9,15-26]文獻存在較明顯的異質(zhì)性(I2 = 88.9%,P < 0.001),采用隨機效應(yīng)模型進行分析。結(jié)果顯示病例組ADA水平顯著高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(SMD = 1.37,95%CI:1.00~1.74,P < 0.05)。見圖2。

    2.3.2 敏感性分析? 6文獻[7,9,15,18,24-25]對薈萃分析結(jié)果影響較大,見圖3。剔除后文獻異質(zhì)性顯著降低(I2 = 51.7%,P = 0.016),采用隨機效應(yīng)模型進行分析,結(jié)果顯示病例組ADA水平顯著高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(SMD = 1.14,95%CI:0.90~1.38,P < 0.05),見圖4。

    2.3.3 亞組分析? 亞組分析結(jié)果示以關(guān)節(jié)滑液為樣本的研究中其合并效應(yīng)的異質(zhì)性較亞組分析前大大降低(I2 = 0.0%,P = 0.726);以血清為樣本的研究中其合并效應(yīng)的異質(zhì)性較亞組分析前也有所降低(I2 =43.3%,P = 0.069),其結(jié)果顯示,無論是血清還是關(guān)節(jié)液樣本,RA患者ADA水平均顯著高于對照組(P < 0.05)。不同地區(qū)的亞組分析結(jié)果顯示,無論是來自亞洲還是來自歐洲,RA患者ADA水平均高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。納入研究中,有4項研究[7,9,18,20]報道了活動期與非活動期ADA水平的相關(guān)性,3項研究[7,18,20]報道了活動期與對照組、非活動期與對照組ADA水平的相關(guān)性。合并后結(jié)果顯示活動期血清ADA水平高于非活動期,活動期、非活動期ADA水平均高于健康對照,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。見表2。

    [8]? Pallinti V,Ganesan N,Anbazhagan M,et al. Serum biochemical markers in rheumatoid arthritis [J]. Indian J Biochem Biophys,2009,46(4):342.

    [9]? Salesi M,Ghazvini RA,F(xiàn)arajzadegan Z,et al. Serum adenosine deaminase in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate [J]. J Res Pharm Pract,2012,1(2):72-76.

    [10]? Balbaloglu O,Ozcan SS. Is pentraxin 3 level an effective biomarker in disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? [J]. Arch Med Sci,2020,16(1):81-86.

    [11]? Boer AC,Boeters DM,van der Helm-van Mil AHM. The use of MRI-detected synovitis to determine the number of involved joints for the 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for Rheumatoid Arthritis - is it of additional benefit? [J]. Ann Rheum Dis,2018,77(8):1125-1129.

    [12]? Xie W,Li J,Zhang Z. The impact of different criteria sets on early remission and identifying its predictors in rheumatoid arthritis:results from an observational cohort(2009-2018)[J]. Clin Rheumatol,2020,39(2):381-389.

    [13]? Zhu B,Zhu Q,Li N,et al. Association of serum/plasma high mobility group box 1 with autoimmune diseases:A systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. Medicine(Baltimore),2018,97(29):e11531.

    [14]? Schuch FB,Stubbs B,Meyer J,et al. Physical activity protects from incident anxiety:A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies [J]. Depress Anxiety,2019,36(9):846-858.

    [15]? 趙冠華,郜趙偉,董珂,等.血清腺苷脫氨酶檢測在幾種自身免疫性疾病中的臨床意義研究[J].現(xiàn)代生物醫(yī)學(xué)進展,2017,17(4):672-675.

    [16]? Nalesnik M,Nikoli■ JM,Jandri■ S. Adenosine deaminase and C-reactive protein in diagnosing and monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis [J]. Medicinski Glasnik,2011,8(1):163-168.

    [17]? Cordero OJ,Salgado FJ,Mera-Varela A,et al. Serum interleukin-12,interleukin-15,soluble CD26,and adenosine deaminase in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [J]. Rheumatol Int,2001,21(2):69-74.

    [18]? Zamani B,Jamali R,Jamali A. Serum adenosine deaminase may predict disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis [J]. Rheumatol Int,2012,32(7):1967-1975.

    [19]? Zakeri Z,Izadi S,Niazi A,et al. Comparison of adenosine deaminase levels in serum and synovial fluid between patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis [J]. Int J Clin Exp Med,2012,5(2):195-200.

    [20]? Sari RA,Taysi SO,Bakan N. Correlation of serum levels of adenosine deaminase activity and its isoenzymes with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis [J]. Clin Exp Rheumatol,2003,21(1):87-90.

    [21]? Hitoglou S,Hatzistilianou M,Gougoustamou D,et al. Adenosine deaminase activity and its isoenzyme pattern in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus [J]. Clin Rheumatol,2001,20(6):411-416.

    [22]? Yuksel H,Ako■lu TF. Serum and synovial fluid adenosine deaminase activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis,osteoarthritis,and reactive arthritis [J]. Ann Rheum Dis,1988,47(6):492-495.

    [23]? Yuji N,Koshiba M,Nakazawa T,et al. Specific increase in enzymatic activity of adenosine deaminase 1 in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts [J]. Arthritis Rheum,2003,48(3):668-674.

    [24]? Osmani AM,Sayeed D,Ali GM,et al. Study of serum adenosine deaminase and alkaline phosphatase in rheumatoid arthritis [J]. Evol of Med and Dent Sci,2015,49(4):312-318.

    [25]? Gautam N,Archana J,Kumar R,et al. Serum total adenosine deaminase activity in Nepalese patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis [J]. Asian of Med Sci,2013,4(2):30-35.

    [26]? Jasminka MN,Jasenka LM,Milada SN,et al. Citrullinated peptide antibodies,adenosine deaminase activity and other potential biomarkers for predicting and monitoring rheumatoid arthritis [J]. Med Bio,2008,27(3):383-388.

    [27]? da Silva J,Passos DF,Bernardes VM,et al. ATP and adenosine:Role in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis [J]. Immunol Lett,2019,214:55-64.

    (收稿日期:2019-09-03? 本文編輯:劉明玉)

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