黃磊
【摘 要】采用SWOT法進(jìn)行學(xué)情分析,教師能夠掌握影響學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)部因素和外部因素,實(shí)施有效的教學(xué)活動(dòng),達(dá)到教學(xué)目目標(biāo)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】SWOT法;學(xué)情分析;英語(yǔ)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
一、SWOT法介紹
SWOT分析法即態(tài)勢(shì)分析法,是20世紀(jì)80年代初由美國(guó)舊金山大學(xué)的管理學(xué)教授韋里克提出的,常用于企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略制定和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手分析等,近年來(lái)也被引入其他領(lǐng)域。其中S代表strength(優(yōu)勢(shì)),W代表weakness(弱勢(shì)),O代表opportunity(機(jī)會(huì)),T代表threat(威脅),通常用來(lái)分析事物的內(nèi)在因素和外部條件,找出該事物的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)劣勢(shì)、可能存在的機(jī)會(huì)和威脅,并將這些內(nèi)部?jī)?yōu)勢(shì)和外部機(jī)遇結(jié)合起來(lái),從而將劣勢(shì)轉(zhuǎn)化為優(yōu)勢(shì),將威脅轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)會(huì),以此找到最佳的解決策略。
二、學(xué)情分析的意義和存在問(wèn)題
學(xué)情分析伴隨現(xiàn)代教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)理論產(chǎn)生,是“影響學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)最終設(shè)計(jì)”的重要因素之一。通過(guò)學(xué)情分析,教師能夠掌握學(xué)生的認(rèn)知基礎(chǔ)、能力水平,以及影響他們學(xué)習(xí)的各種因素,實(shí)施可操作的教學(xué)活動(dòng),達(dá)到教學(xué)目標(biāo)。
但是學(xué)情分析在教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)中往往不被重視,存在的問(wèn)題如下:
1.學(xué)情分析缺失。教師關(guān)注的是教材和教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié),以及怎樣實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo),忽視了學(xué)生這個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的主體。
2.學(xué)情分析片面。教師只是圍繞學(xué)生的知識(shí)水平、學(xué)習(xí)能力進(jìn)行學(xué)情分析,忽視了學(xué)生的專業(yè)特性、情感價(jià)值觀等重要因素。
3.學(xué)情分析主觀。教師憑主觀印象和教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行學(xué)情分析,停留在對(duì)學(xué)生表象的感受和理解,不能準(zhǔn)確地把握學(xué)生的真實(shí)狀態(tài)。
三、運(yùn)用SWOT法進(jìn)行學(xué)情分析的實(shí)例
筆者2016年參加了一次省級(jí)英語(yǔ)教師競(jìng)賽,采用SWOT法在教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)中進(jìn)行學(xué)情分析,得到了評(píng)審專家的肯定。以下學(xué)情分析部分節(jié)選自筆者競(jìng)賽的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì),一次粗淺的嘗試希望能起到拋磚引玉的效果。
Teaching Plan
Unit 4 Ive tried all means of transportation.
Book 2 (Higher Education Press)
Type of lesson: reading
Analysis of the Students
My students major in secretary and all of them are girls. They are in grade 2 now. In order to meet the requirements of my teaching and my students, I conduct a SWOT Analysis of my students.
Strengths
1.Most of the students have mastered some basic skill in reading; they can understand short passages and some related words about the topic.
2.They are active in participation in activities and competitions.
3.They like learning by internet and videos.
Weaknesses
1.They are still of different levels.
2.They are lack of confidence and learning motivation.
3.The get bored easily.
Opportunities
1.The topic can arouse their interest.
2.The activities can get them involved.
3.The modern aids can help them learn.
Threats
1.The content in the textbook has limitation.
2.The activities and tasks are too difficult for Ss.
3.The cell phones make students absent-minded.
According to the analysis, I work out the strategies.
1.Provide some key words and sentences patterns about the topic.
2.Create various activities and tasks.
3.Use modern aids including cell phones in the class.
4.Divide students into groups.
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
[1]李明.教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)中的學(xué)情分析:意義、問(wèn)題與改進(jìn)策略[J].淮陰工學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2012(06)
[2]嚴(yán)艷霞.SWOT 分析法引入中職英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的實(shí)踐探索[J].職教通訊,2012(18):46-48
[3]http://baike.baidu.com/view/820349.htm