劉曉晨,劉東升
(滄州市人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)二科,河北 滄州 061000)
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中性粒細(xì)胞與鉀離子濃度聯(lián)合診斷急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的應(yīng)用價(jià)值
劉曉晨※,劉東升
(滄州市人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)二科,河北 滄州 061000)
摘要:目的評價(jià)中性粒細(xì)胞與血鉀水平聯(lián)合檢測診斷早期ST段抬高型心肌梗死的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。方法將河北省滄州市人民醫(yī)院自2012年8月至2013年12月收治的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者93例按心電圖特征分成ST段抬高型心肌梗死組(抬高組)49例與非ST段抬高型心肌梗死組(非抬高組)44例,將同期健康體檢者45例作為對照組,進(jìn)行中性粒細(xì)胞檢測及血鉀水平測定。結(jié)果抬高組血鉀水平顯著低于對照組及非抬高組[(3.4±1.0) nmol/L比(4.2±1.2) nmol/L,(4.2±1.1) nmol/L,P<0.05];抬高組中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)顯著高于對照組及非抬高組[(10.6±2.2)×109/L比(4.8±3.1)×109/L和(8.7±1.5)×109/L,P<0.05];高血鉀組中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)低于低血鉀組[(8.6±1.3)×109/L比(10.9±1.2)×109/L,P<0.01],高血鉀組發(fā)病至入院時(shí)間長于低血鉀組[(13.6±5.1) h 比(6.3±2.2)h,P<0.01];抬高組患者血鉀水平與發(fā)病時(shí)間呈正相關(guān)(r=0.415,P<0.05),而與中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.378,P<0.05)。結(jié)論早期ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者易出現(xiàn)低血鉀癥,監(jiān)測患者中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)及血鉀水平有利于早期診斷。
關(guān)鍵詞:ST段抬高型心肌梗死;中性粒細(xì)胞;鉀離子濃度;應(yīng)用價(jià)值
急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者常伴有中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)升高,且與患者的不良預(yù)后密切相關(guān)[1]。心肌梗死后的心功能變化及充血性心力衰竭是影響AMI患者預(yù)后的關(guān)鍵因素。心肌梗死后出現(xiàn)的炎性浸潤及再灌注損傷引發(fā)的氧化應(yīng)激等是AMI后心功能受損的主要誘因[2]。AMI后中性粒細(xì)胞在缺血區(qū)發(fā)生浸潤,與血管內(nèi)皮黏附并聚集,加快中性粒細(xì)胞活化,大量釋放氧自由基而損傷心肌。此外,文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,在早期ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者中存在大量的低血鉀癥[3]。本研究主要探討中性粒細(xì)胞與血鉀水平聯(lián)合檢測診斷早期ST段抬高型心肌梗死的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料選擇河北省滄州市人民醫(yī)院2012年8月至2013年12月收治的AIM患者93例,按其心電圖特征分為ST段抬高型心肌梗死組(抬高組)49例與非ST段抬高型心肌梗死組(非抬高組)44例。抬高組中男24例、女25例,年齡56~85歲,平均(69±9)歲;病程為4個月至4年,平均(3.0±0.8)年。非抬高組男26例、女18例,年齡59~82歲,平均(70±8)歲;病程為7個月至6年,平均(3.6±0.9)年。將同期收治的45例健康體檢者作為對照組,其中男24例、女21例,年齡46~80歲,平均(62±7)歲。全部入選對象均同意參加本研究,同時(shí)將伴急性感染疾病、高血壓、糖尿病、甲狀腺功能障礙及酸堿代謝紊亂等患者予以排除。3組受檢者性別、年齡等一般資料比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2方法詢問患者自發(fā)病時(shí)起至入院所需時(shí)間,并立即抽取靜脈血液,進(jìn)行中性粒細(xì)胞檢測及血鉀含量測定,并詳細(xì)記錄。將血鉀離子水平為3.8 nmol/L作為臨界點(diǎn)[4],統(tǒng)計(jì)抬高組患者的血鉀水平,以鉀離子≤3.8 nmol/L為低血鉀,鉀離子>3.8 nmol/L為高血鉀,比較兩種血鉀情況患者的血鉀水平及白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)。
2結(jié)果
2.13組受檢者中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)與血鉀水平比較抬高組中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)顯著高于對照組和非抬高組(P<0.05),非抬高組中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)顯著高于對照組(P<0.05);抬高組血鉀離子水平顯著低于對照組和非抬高組(P<0.05),非抬高組血鉀水平與對照組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表1。
表1 3組受檢者中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)及血鉀水平比較 ±s)
a與對照組比較,P<0.05;b與非抬高組比較,P<0.05
2.2抬高組患者不同血鉀水平相關(guān)指標(biāo)低血鉀組中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)顯著高于高血鉀組,發(fā)病至入院時(shí)間短于高血鉀組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05),見表2。
表2 抬高組心肌梗死患者不同血鉀水平比較 ±s)
2.3抬高組血鉀水平與發(fā)病時(shí)間和中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)的相關(guān)性抬高組患者血鉀水平與發(fā)病時(shí)間呈正相關(guān)(r=0.415,P=0.001),而與中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.378,P=0.002)。
3討論
心肌梗死后出現(xiàn)的左心室重構(gòu)是AMI發(fā)展為充血性心力衰竭的重要病理生理過程,已成為影響AMI預(yù)后的主要因素[5]。隨著心室重構(gòu)過程及機(jī)制日趨明晰,有關(guān)炎癥細(xì)胞及炎性細(xì)胞因子的作用備受矚目[6]。文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,在心肌缺血的急性階段,炎癥被激活,再灌注過程中因缺血區(qū)趨化因子及細(xì)胞間黏附分子的大量生成,使中性粒細(xì)胞、淋巴細(xì)胞及單核細(xì)胞集聚并遷移至缺血的心肌,引發(fā)炎癥反應(yīng)[7]。在炎癥細(xì)胞的浸潤過程中,以中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤對心肌缺血/再灌注損傷的作用最為關(guān)鍵。1983年即有學(xué)者研究報(bào)道,在動物心肌缺血/再灌注模型中將排除中性粒細(xì)胞的血液復(fù)灌注能夠顯著縮小心肌壞死的程度[8]。更有研究人員提出,心肌缺血/再灌注損傷屬于“中性粒細(xì)胞依賴”[9]。再灌注過程中,因中性粒細(xì)胞的集聚與氧氣供應(yīng)加大,使中性粒細(xì)胞呈現(xiàn)耗氧量劇增的“呼吸爆發(fā)”,在缺血心肌局部快速生成氧自由基,對心肌的細(xì)胞膜造成損傷,加快心肌細(xì)胞程序性死亡,使心肌損傷進(jìn)一步加重。浸潤后的炎性細(xì)胞將產(chǎn)生大量的腫瘤壞死因子、白細(xì)胞介素,這些細(xì)胞因子直接或間接參與心肌損傷,并加快心肌細(xì)胞凋亡,最終擴(kuò)大心肌梗死區(qū)[10]。文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,通過建立缺血/再灌注模型,顯示中性粒細(xì)胞聚集在心肌的受損區(qū),并與血小板共同發(fā)揮作用損傷微循環(huán)或使其堵塞,造成再灌注的“局部慢血流無復(fù)流現(xiàn)象”[11-12]。上述因中性粒細(xì)胞聚集與浸潤所致的炎癥變化被認(rèn)為是心肌梗死后心功能衰竭的作用機(jī)制。另有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,干擾白細(xì)胞與內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞相互作用的單克隆抗體或中性粒細(xì)胞抑制劑均能夠發(fā)揮對心臟的保護(hù)作用[13]。發(fā)生AMI后的白細(xì)胞特別是中性粒細(xì)胞通過脂質(zhì)過氧化酶促進(jìn)花生四烯酸代謝產(chǎn)物白三烯的生成,兩者均能使心肌損傷加重,促進(jìn)心電功能紊亂,導(dǎo)致心律失常、心力衰竭及心源性休克的進(jìn)一步發(fā)生、發(fā)展,最終增加病死率。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,通過聯(lián)合檢測中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)與血鉀水平可有效區(qū)分ST段抬高型心肌梗死與非ST段抬高型心肌梗死,對患者確診而言意義重大。另外,本研究結(jié)果還提示低血鉀組患者的中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)與患者病情進(jìn)展及預(yù)后密切相關(guān)。綜上所述,測定中性粒細(xì)胞總數(shù)及血鉀水平對早期ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的病情診斷具有重要意義。
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The Applicative Value of Neutrophils and Potassium Ion Concentration as Joint Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction with ST segment ElevationLIUXiao-chen,LIUDong-sheng. (DepartmentTwoofCardiology,CangzhouPeople′sHospitalofHebeiProvince,Cangzhou061000,China)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the application value of neutrophils and blood potassium ion concentration as joint diagnosis for early myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation.MethodsA total of 93 patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) admitted to Cangzhou People′s Hospital of Hebei Province from Aug. 2012 to Dec. 2013 were included in the study,and were divided into ST segment-elevated myocardial infarction group(elevation group,49 cases) and non-ST segment-elevated myocardial infarction group(non-elevation group,44 cases) according to the characteristic of ECG,and another 45 healthy subjects during the same period were included as control group.The neutrophils and serum potassium content of the three groups were tested. ResultsThe serum potassium level of the elevation group was significantly lower than that of the control group and non-elevation group [(3.4±1.0) nmol/L vs (4.2±1.2) nmol/L,(4.2±1.1) nmol/L,P<0.05]; the neutrophil count of the elevation group was significantly higher than that of the control group and non-elevation group [(10.6±2.2)×109/L vs (4.8±3.1)×109/L,(8.7±1.5)×109/L,P<0.05];the neutrophil count of the hyperkalemia group was lower than the hypokalemia group[(8.6±1.3)×109/L vs (10.9±1.2)×109/L,P<0.01], onset to admission time of the hyperkalemia group was longer than the hypokalemia group [(13.6±5.1) h vs (6.3±2.2) h,P<0.01];the serum potassium concentration elevation had a positive correlation with time of onset(r=0.415,P<0.05),but a negative correlation with neutrophil count(r=-0.378,P<0.05).ConclusionPatients with ST segment-elevated myocardial infarction in early stage are prone to disease of hypokalemia,and monitoring of neutrophils count and serum potassium level is helpful to the early diagnosis.
Key words:ST segment-elevated myocardial infarction; Neutrophils; Potassium ion concentration; Application value
收稿日期:2014-01-14修回日期:2014-07-07編輯:鮑淑芳
基金項(xiàng)目:滄州市科技局科研基金(131302018)
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-2084.2015.02.045
中圖分類號:R542.22
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A
文章編號:1006-2084(2015)02-0310-02