英語(yǔ)形容詞和副詞的作用及位置

甘志紅

〔關(guān)鍵詞〕 英語(yǔ);形容詞;副詞;作用;位置

〔中圖分類號(hào)〕 G633.41

〔文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼〕 C

〔文章編號(hào)〕 1004—0463(2009)10(B)—0046—01

一、形容詞和副詞在句中的作用

1.形容詞的作用

形容詞是用來(lái)說(shuō)明人或事物特征的詞,在句中常作以下成分:

(1)作表語(yǔ):放在be動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞之后。如:

The sweater is very expensive.

The day gets long and the night gets short now.

注意:表語(yǔ)形容詞在句中只作表語(yǔ),不作定語(yǔ)。如:afraid,asleep,alone,awake,glad等詞。如:

This is an asleep cat.(誤)

The lovely cat is asleep.(正)

(2)作定語(yǔ):形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)修飾名詞或代詞。修飾名詞時(shí),常放在名詞的前面;而修飾由some,any,no,every與one,body,thing,where組成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),常將形容詞放在這些不定代詞的后面。如:

He has a beautiful bike.

Is there anything wrong with the computer?

(3)作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):表示事物的狀態(tài)或事情的結(jié)果,放在主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)后面。如:

We should keep our city clean and safe.(賓補(bǔ))

Liu Hulan died very young.(主補(bǔ))

(4)作名詞:有些形容詞與定冠詞the連用,表示一類人或事物。指人時(shí),用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞;指物或抽象概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如:

The good in him outweighs the bad.

The Chinese are very hard-working.

另外,有些形容詞與數(shù)量詞形成短語(yǔ),作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ),即:基數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞。如:

The boy is ten years old.(作表語(yǔ))

This is a ten-year-old boy.(作定語(yǔ))

2.副詞的作用

副詞是用來(lái)表示行為或性質(zhì)特征的詞。在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

(1)作表語(yǔ):表方向的副詞(up,down,in,out,on,away等)和表位置的副詞(inside,outside,upstairs,downstairs,above,below等)可在句中作表語(yǔ)。如:

My schoolbag is upstairs.

(2)作定語(yǔ):副詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),常放在被修飾的詞之后。如:

The potatoes here are very big.

(3)作狀語(yǔ):副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。如:

The people are flying kites quietly.(quietly修飾flying)

How time flies!(how修飾整個(gè)句子)

(4)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如:

Ask him downstairs,please.

二、有些形容詞和副詞在句中的位置

1.形容詞的位置

(1)單個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),放在名詞的前面;而形容詞短語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí),則放在名詞的后面。如:

This is a house big to live in.

(2)enough作形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),可放在名詞的前面或后面,而作副詞修飾形容詞時(shí)要放在形容詞的后面。如:

They have enough time to play football.(作形容詞)

The girl isnt old enough to go to school.(作副詞)

(3)else修飾疑問(wèn)詞或不定代詞時(shí)放在他們的后面。如:

Where else do you want to go?

Anything else?

2.副詞的位置

(1)有些副詞(often,usually,never,always等)常放在be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。如:

I often go to school on foot.

He has never been to Beijing.

(2)時(shí)間副詞、地點(diǎn)副詞一般放在句末。如果時(shí)間副詞和地點(diǎn)副詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子中時(shí),地點(diǎn)副詞在前,時(shí)間副詞在后。如:

We will go to Lanzhou tomorrow.

(3)少數(shù)副詞放在句子的前面。如:

Luckily we have won the game.