陳明 劉麗華
【摘要】目的:本文主要針對我院中藥治療乳腺疾病的用藥特點和中醫(yī)辨證分型治療規(guī)律進行分析研究,為醫(yī)院藥師對乳腺疾病中藥處方前置審核、基層醫(yī)療機構(gòu)醫(yī)師運用中醫(yī)藥治療乳腺疾病提供指導。方法:收集我院乳腺科治療各種類型乳腺疾病的中藥處方,對處方來源與用法、乳腺疾病的類型、患者年齡分布、常用的單味藥、常用中藥的類型、發(fā)病原因、中醫(yī)辨證分型的情況進行統(tǒng)計分析。結(jié)果:口服處方數(shù)量大大多于外用處方;患有乳腺增生的患者最多;乳腺疾病患者年齡多在41~60歲,柴胡是最常用的單味藥;最常用的中藥類型是疏肝理氣藥;大多數(shù)患者的發(fā)病原因與氣和肝功能異常有關(guān);患者以肝郁氣滯分型居多;乳腺疾病按中醫(yī)分型對癥治療,多以經(jīng)典藥方為基礎(chǔ),隨證加減進行配伍。
【關(guān)鍵詞】乳腺疾病;中藥;處方分析;中醫(yī)辨證分型
[Abstract] Objective:This article aims to analyze and study the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine for breast disease in our hospital and the rules of TCM syndrome differentiation treatment, to provide guidance for hospital pharmacists on pre-review of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for breast diseases, and for doctors in primary medical institutions to use traditional Chinese medicine to treat breast diseases . Methods:The prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine for treating various types of breast diseases in our department of breast were collected. The sources and usage of the prescriptions, the types of breast diseases, the age distribution of patients, the commonly used single drugs, the types of commonly used Chinese medicines, the causes of disease, and the syndrome differentiation of TCM Situation for statistical analysis. Results: The number of oral prescriptions was much more than the topical prescriptions. The patients with breast hyperplasia were the most. The patients with breast diseases were mostly 41 ~ 60 years old. Bupleurum was the most commonly used single-drug; the most commonly used type of Chinese medicine was Shugan Qiqi; The pathogenesis of most patients is related to abnormal qi and liver function. Most patients are classified into liver stagnation and qi stagnation. Breast disease is treated symptomatically according to TCM classification. Most of them are based on classic prescriptions and are compatible with the addition and subtraction of evidence.
[Key words] breast disease; Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM); Prescription analysis; Syndrome differentiation in Chinese medicine
1 資料與方法
1.1 資料來源與選擇條件
本文收集廣東某中醫(yī)院乳腺科在2018年8月至2018年11月期間,治療各種類型乳腺疾病的門診和住院中藥處方,共有877張。所選的處方組成清楚,專治乳腺疾病,涵括多種常見的乳腺疾病。
1.2 方法
對照組應用他莫昔芬治療,飯前服用,10mg/次,1次/d。實驗組患者應用中藥治療,柴胡、延胡索、連翹、莪術(shù)、金銀花、生牡蠣、三棱、川楝子、浙貝母、夏枯草、橘核及荔枝核均15g,香附12g,白芍及赤芍各10g,乳房脹痛劇烈者應用乳香、沒藥等活血化瘀藥,乳房腫塊質(zhì)地硬患者應用昆布、鱉甲等軟堅散結(jié)藥,乳頭溢液患者加用山楂、麥芽等,加水煎服,1劑/d,分3次服用。兩組患者月經(jīng)期間停藥,1個月為1個療程,連續(xù)治療3個療程。
2 結(jié)果與分析
在所收集的877張乳腺科的中藥處方中,患有乳腺增生病患者最多,各種病變類型合計有312人,其中接近一半患者患有乳腺纖維囊性增生;乳腺疾病術(shù)后治療在第三位,共156人,其中有72.4%是來自于住院處方。將近10%的病人患有兩種或以上的乳腺疾病,特別是患有乳腺增生的病人,大多數(shù)都擁有兩種或以上的病變癥狀;有5.93%的病人本身除了乳腺疾病外還患有其他疾病。故在擬方時,應先判斷病人所患的乳腺疾病的主次,或所患的乳腺疾病和其他病的主次,隨證加減進行配伍,特別是高血壓、糖尿病的病人,在用藥方面要注意避免使用加重主病負擔的中藥。
3 討論
現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學多采用激素類、維生素類藥物及手術(shù)治療乳腺增生,但療效不理想。近年來,中藥治療手段逐漸克服了西藥治療的不良反應,標本兼治,療效穩(wěn)定,已成為目前治療乳腺增生的首選。乳腺增生患者往往伴有系列臨床癥狀,這可能是治療處方配伍復雜的原因,配伍藥味數(shù)也相對較多。乳腺增生病為乳腺組織良性疾病,發(fā)病率約為育齡人群的40%,是臨床常見的乳房疾病。乳腺增生病指乳腺纖維組織及上皮增生,乳腺導管及乳小葉退行性病變,引發(fā)乳腺增生病的發(fā)病機制較為復雜,主要包括飲食不良、哺育、精神刺激、內(nèi)分泌失調(diào)等。乳腺增生病治療分為生理性乳腺增生和病理性乳腺增生,生理性乳腺增生不需特殊治療即可自行消退,因精神及情緒等人為因素導致乳腺增生病,應在藥物治療基礎(chǔ)上消除相關(guān)人為因素。
參考文獻:
[1] 李曰慶.中醫(yī)外科學[M].北京:中國中醫(yī)藥出版社,2008:113.