朱婷櫻 鮑揚漪
摘要:目的? 探討結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌患者術(shù)前淋巴細胞與單核細胞比值和纖維蛋白原在輔助診斷、術(shù)前評估中的價值。方法? 收集2010年1月~2013年7月在安徽醫(yī)科大學第三附屬醫(yī)院接受手術(shù)治療的結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌患者100例設(shè)為觀察組,另選同時期健康體檢者50例設(shè)為對照組,比較兩組LMR、FIB值。通過受試者工作曲線確定結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌患者LMR與FIB的最佳截斷值,根據(jù)截斷值分為高、低LMR組,高、低FIB組。分析LMR、FIB與結(jié)直腸癌患者臨床特征的關(guān)系及與術(shù)后5年生存率的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果? 觀察組LMR值(3.39±1.48)低于對照組(5.27±0.98),觀察組FIB值(3.63±0.60)g/L高于對照組(2.78±0.41)g/L,統(tǒng)計學意義顯著(P<0.01)。LMR、FIB的最佳截斷值分別為3.65、3.495 g/L。高LMR組遠處轉(zhuǎn)移率為4.65%,低于低LMR組的21.05%,高LMR組在Ⅲ~Ⅳ期的比率為44.19%,低于低LMR組的64.91%,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。高FIB組遠處轉(zhuǎn)移率的22.22%,高于低FIB組的4.35%,高FIB組在Ⅲ~Ⅳ的比率為66.67%,高于低FIB組的43.48%,高FIB組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率為59.26%,高于低FIB組的34.78%,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。高LMR組5年生存率為76.74%,高于低LMR組的47.37%,低FIB組5年生存率為78.26%,高于高FIB組的44.44%,統(tǒng)計學意義顯著(P<0.01)。結(jié)論? 術(shù)前LMR、FIB對結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌患者的輔助診斷、術(shù)前評估有一定臨床價值。
關(guān)鍵詞:結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌;淋巴細胞與單核細胞比值;纖維蛋白原;輔助診斷;術(shù)前評估
中圖分類號:R753.3? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼:A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.04.031
文章編號:1006-1959(2019)04-0094-05
Abstract:Objective? To investigate the value of preoperative lymphocyte and monocyte ratio and fibrinogen in the diagnosis and preoperative evaluation of patients with differentiated adenocarcinoma in colorectal. Methods? 100 patients with colorectal differentiated adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2010 to July 2013 were enrolled in the observation group, and 50 healthy subjects in the same period were selected as the control group. The LMR and FIB values of the two groups were compared. The best cutoff values of LMR and FIB in patients with differentiated adenocarcinoma in colorectal were determined by receiver working curve. According to the cutoff value, they were divided into high and low LMR groups, high and low FIB groups. To analyze the relationship between LMR, FIB and clinical features of colorectal cancer patients and the correlation with 5-year survival rate. Results? The LMR value of the observation group (3.39±1.48) was lower than that of the control group (5.27±0.98), and the FIB value of the observation group (3.63±0.60) g/L was higher than that of the control group (2.78±0.41) g/L, which was statistically significant (P <0.01). The optimal cutoff values for LMR and FIB are 3.650 and 3.495 g/L, respectively. The distant metastasis rate of the high LMR group was 4.65%, Below 21.05% of the low LMR group, the ratio of the high LMR group was 44.19% in the III~IV phase, which was lower than the 64.91% in the low LMR group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The distant metastasis rate was 22.22% in the high FIB group,Compared with 4.35% in the low FIB group, the ratio of III to IV in the high FIB group was 66.67%, which was higher than 43.48% in the low FIB group, and the lymph node metastasis rate in the high FIB group was 59.26%, which was higher than that in the low FIB group 34.78%,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The 5-year survival rate was 76.74% in the high LMR group, which was higher than the low LMR group 47.37%, and the 5-year survival rate was 78.26% in the low FIB group, which was higher than that in the high FIB group 44.44%,Statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion? Preoperative LMR and FIB have certain clinical value in the auxiliary diagnosis and preoperative evaluation of patients with differentiated adenocarcinoma in colorectal cancer.
Key words:Differentiated adenocarcinoma in colorectal;Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio;Fibrinogen; Assisted diagnosis;Preoperative evaluation
結(jié)直腸癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)已被公認為全球第3大最常見癌癥[1]。隨著人口老齡化、作息及飲食習慣的改變,結(jié)直腸癌的發(fā)病率及死亡率日益增加。我國結(jié)直腸癌的發(fā)病率占癌癥總?cè)藬?shù)的第5位,死亡率占第5位,嚴重威脅著人類的健康安全[2]。越來越多的研究證實腫瘤相關(guān)炎癥反應對腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展起著重要作用[3]。炎癥反應主要表現(xiàn)為白細胞總數(shù)及各亞群比例的變化,其中淋巴細胞及單核細胞在此過程中發(fā)揮著重要作用。有研究證實外周血淋巴細胞與單核細胞絕對值的比值(LMR)下降與食管癌、胃癌等多種消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤[4,5]、彌漫大B細胞淋巴瘤[6]、惡性胸膜間皮瘤[7]的預后不佳有關(guān),且凝血級聯(lián)反應在腫瘤的進展及轉(zhuǎn)移中也起著重要的作用[8]。FIB是凝血過程中的主要組成成分,研究顯示FIB水平的升高往往與腫瘤患者預后不良有關(guān),且患者外周FIB值可協(xié)助直腸癌診斷,并為病情評估提供參考[9]。以往研究多為單獨探討LMR或FIB與結(jié)直腸癌之間的關(guān)系,很少有文獻將二者聯(lián)合。本研究旨在評估術(shù)前LMR和FIB在結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌患者輔助診斷、術(shù)前評估中的臨床價值。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料? 收集2010年1月~2013年7月安徽醫(yī)科大學第三附屬醫(yī)院(合肥市第一人民醫(yī)院及合肥市濱湖醫(yī)院)接受手術(shù)治療的結(jié)直腸癌患者為研究對象。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會審批通過,患者及家屬知情同意并簽署同意書。納入標準:①年齡42~82歲;②影像學、結(jié)直腸鏡等診斷為結(jié)直腸癌并已行手術(shù)治療,術(shù)后病理證實為結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌;③術(shù)前未接受任何新輔助放化療。④術(shù)后均行輔助放化療。排除標準:①患有血液系統(tǒng)疾病、自身免疫系統(tǒng)疾病、肝病和近期感染者;②近期使用抗凝藥物及其他影響血常規(guī)結(jié)果的藥物;③合并其他腫瘤或消化系統(tǒng)疾病等慢性疾病患者;④臨床資料不完整。共納入100例結(jié)直腸癌患者,隨機選取同期50例相同年齡段的健康體檢者設(shè)為正常對照組。
1.2方法? 收集兩組研究對象性別、年齡等一般資料及血液學指標,血液學指標包括淋巴細胞絕對值、單核細胞絕對值、FIB值,患者均為術(shù)前3 d內(nèi)抽取,對照組為體檢時抽取;收集觀察組的病理資料,包括腫瘤大小、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、遠處轉(zhuǎn)移、浸潤深度、腫瘤位置、TNM分期。腫瘤分期第8版TNM分期確定;以首次治療作為觀察起點,對治療后的患者采用電話、門診、住院方式進行隨訪,隨訪截止日期為術(shù)后5年或術(shù)后5年期間死亡的時間。
1.3統(tǒng)計學方法? 采用SPSS 22.0軟件進行統(tǒng)計學分析。計量資料用(x±s)表示,組間比較用t檢驗;計數(shù)資料用(%)表示,組間比較用χ2檢驗。采用ROC曲線確定LMR、FIB最佳截斷值,兼顧敏感性及特異性。以P<0.05認為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義,P<0.01認為統(tǒng)計學意義顯著。
2結(jié)果
2.1兩組LMR、FIB值的比較? 觀察組術(shù)前LMR值低于對照組,統(tǒng)計學意義顯著(P<0.01);觀察組術(shù)前FIB值高于對照組,統(tǒng)計學意義顯著(P<0.01),見表1。
2.2結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌患者術(shù)前LMR、FIB截斷值的確定與分組? 在ROC曲線分析中,術(shù)前LMR的理想截斷值為3.65(AUC:0.618,95%CI:0.506~0.729,P<0.05),敏感度為55.00%,特異度為77.50%,見圖1。由此將入組病例分為兩組,即高LMR組(LMR≥3.65,n=43)和低LMR組(LMR<3.65,n=57)。FIB的理想截斷值為3.495 g/L(AUC:0.703,95% CI:0.600~0.807,P<0.01),敏感性為77.50%,特異度為60.00%,見圖2。將病例分為兩組,即低FIB組(FIB≤3.495 g/L,n=46),高FIB組(FIB>3.495 g/L,n=54)。將FIB及LMR聯(lián)合后,其特異性為87.50%,敏感性為61.70%。
2.3 LMR、FIB與結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌患者臨床特征的關(guān)系? LMR與遠處轉(zhuǎn)移、臨床分期成負相關(guān),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);與性別、年齡、腫瘤大小、腫瘤位置、腫瘤浸潤深度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移無相關(guān),差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。FIB與遠處轉(zhuǎn)移、臨床分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移成正相關(guān),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);與性別、年齡、腫瘤位置、腫瘤大小、腫瘤浸潤深度無相關(guān),差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),見表2。
2.4術(shù)前LMR、FIB值與術(shù)后5年生存率的相關(guān)性分析? 100例結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌患者5年生存率為60.00%,其中高LMR組為76.74%,低LMR組為47.37%,高LMR組的5年生存率高于低LMR組,統(tǒng)計學意義顯著(P<0.01)。低FIB組5年生存率為78.26%,高FIB組為44.44%,低FIB組5年生存率高于高FIB組(P<0.01),統(tǒng)計學意義顯著。見表3。
3討論
雖然結(jié)直腸癌的診斷及治療取得了重大進展,但其早期診斷率和生存率仍不能令人滿意。準確的術(shù)前評估是為患者制定更為合適的治療方案的基礎(chǔ),從而能提高患者的生存率。傳統(tǒng)影像學檢查如CT檢查和超聲雖能評估疾病的進展情況,但對較小和隱匿的淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移則難以檢出,對微小遠處轉(zhuǎn)移病灶的檢出率也較低,故尋找可輔助常規(guī)診斷的生物學標志分子或指標極為關(guān)鍵。
有研究證實,炎癥相關(guān)細胞如淋巴細胞、單核細胞等在腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和預后中發(fā)揮著重要作用[10,11]。此類細胞可釋放細胞因子進入腫瘤微環(huán)境(tumor microenvironment,TME),從而促進腫瘤細胞的生長、血管生成,加速腫瘤的侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移和復發(fā)進程[12]。其中,淋巴細胞是機體免疫應答過程中的主要效應細胞,淋巴細胞直接攻擊腫瘤細胞可能是阻止腫瘤生長的最有效機制,淋巴細胞和腫瘤細胞之間的接觸更好地激活了分子信號來控制腫瘤的侵襲性,腫瘤浸潤淋巴細胞(TILs)的存在與良好的臨床進程有關(guān),并被認為是幾種癌癥的積極預后因素[13,14]。外周血單核細胞浸潤到腫瘤組織后,可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槟[瘤相關(guān)巨噬細胞,并分泌血管內(nèi)皮生長因子(VEGF)、基質(zhì)金屬蛋白(MMP)等細胞因子,從而促進腫瘤新生血管的形成、腫瘤細胞的侵襲和增殖,同時抑制抗腫瘤免疫[15],促進腫瘤的進展及免疫逃逸發(fā)生。淋巴細胞絕對數(shù)高對患者有一定的保護作用,而單核細胞計數(shù)高則相反,此兩者的比值可能反映腫瘤的發(fā)生及進展狀態(tài)。LMR是一種全身炎癥指數(shù),其計算方法是淋巴細胞計數(shù)與單核細胞計數(shù)的比值。既往研究證實,LMR與腫瘤的臨床表現(xiàn)及預后均相關(guān)。
本研究結(jié)果提示,觀察組LMR值水平低于對照組,統(tǒng)計學意義顯著(P<0.01)。高LMR組遠處轉(zhuǎn)移率(4.65%)低于低LMR組(21.05%),高LMR組在Ⅲ-Ⅳ期的比率(44.19%)低于低LMR組(64.91%),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),這與周超等[16]、Yang J等[17]的報道相似。且高LMR組的5年生存率(76.74%)高于低LMR組(47.37%),統(tǒng)計學意義顯著(P<0.01),與周超等[16]的報道一致,說明LMR可能與腫瘤的進展與預后相關(guān),可用于術(shù)前輔助評估。
FIB是一種急性期反應蛋白,主要由肝臟合成并分泌,最近有研究證實腫瘤細胞也可分泌FIB[18],在腫瘤細胞與基質(zhì)的聯(lián)系中發(fā)揮著重要作用。FIB作為血管內(nèi)皮生長因子等生長因子結(jié)合的支架,可促進腫瘤細胞增殖、轉(zhuǎn)移和粘附[19]。當纖維蛋白原轉(zhuǎn)化為纖維蛋白后,可參與轉(zhuǎn)移和新生血管的形成,且其在腫瘤組織周圍可保護腫瘤細胞免受自然殺傷細胞的破壞[20]。研究證實,胃癌[21]及非小細胞肺癌[22]患者FIB水平的升高與疾病的嚴重程度成正比,與生存率成反比。本研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組FIB值高于對照組,統(tǒng)計學意義顯著(P<0.01)。FIB與臨床特征的相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,患者術(shù)前FIB水平與遠處轉(zhuǎn)移、臨床分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移成正相關(guān),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),這與Tang L等[23],覃羅等[24]報道相似,且低FI對照組的5年生存率(78.26%)高于高FI對照組(44.44%),統(tǒng)計學意義顯著(P<0.01),說明FIB也可用于術(shù)前評估,且其評估淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移方面可能優(yōu)于LMR。
本研究顯示,觀察組的LMR值低于對照組,觀察組的 FIB值高于對照組,LMR、FIB與5年生存率密切相關(guān),且與癌細胞轉(zhuǎn)移以及臨床分期有一定關(guān)聯(lián),說明LMR、FIB均可作為結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌患者輔助診斷、術(shù)前評估的指標。本研究將二者聯(lián)合后,發(fā)現(xiàn)其特異性(87.50%)更高,敏感性(61.70%)也較高。故單獨或聯(lián)合檢測LMR、FIB對結(jié)直腸癌輔助診斷和評估病情進展、預后有一定的臨床價值,且其方便、痛苦少、可靠、經(jīng)濟、重復性好,可廣泛應用于臨床。但本研究為回顧性研究,且樣本量較小,可能對結(jié)果產(chǎn)生一定影響,故還需進一步前瞻性研究或擴大樣本量來證實。
綜上所述,術(shù)前LMR、FIB對結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌患者的輔助診斷、術(shù)前評估有一定價值,能為是否需要進行術(shù)前輔助放化療及術(shù)前治療方案的制定等提供一定的參考,從而提高患者的生存率。
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收稿日期:2018-11-24;修回日期:2018-12-2
編輯/肖婷婷