政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放程度評價體系研究

馬海群 鄒純龍

〔摘要〕[目的/意義]構(gòu)建政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放程度的評價體系，為政府合理進行數(shù)據(jù)開放提供參考，并為相關(guān)學(xué)者進行數(shù)據(jù)開放的定量研究提供測量手段。[方法/過程]運用權(quán)力理論分析政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放的理論基礎(chǔ)，從權(quán)力主體和相對人權(quán)利兩個角度入手，結(jié)合已有開放數(shù)據(jù)特點和政府開放數(shù)據(jù)評價研究設(shè)計評價指標(biāo)，并運用層次分析法確定各項指標(biāo)的權(quán)重，再用模糊綜合評價法驗證該體系的可用性。[結(jié)果/結(jié)論]構(gòu)建的政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放程度評價體系具有一定的實用性和可操作性，評價體系中數(shù)據(jù)準確性的權(quán)重最大，政府支持及其政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)安全保障其次。為合理地進行政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放應(yīng)該提高政府服務(wù)質(zhì)量的數(shù)據(jù)準確性，并加強政府的投入力度和數(shù)據(jù)安全保護。[創(chuàng)新/價值]已有研究主要集中于政府開放數(shù)據(jù)影響因素的評價，缺乏對政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放程度的關(guān)注。本文以開放程度作為切入點，依照指標(biāo)的重要性，構(gòu)建量化的評價政府開放程度的體系。

〔關(guān)鍵詞〕政府開放數(shù)據(jù)；數(shù)據(jù)開放程度；層次分析法；模糊綜合法；評價體系

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1008-0821.2018.09.001

〔中圖分類號〕D63-39〔文獻標(biāo)識碼〕A〔文章編號〕1008-0821（2018）09-0004-08

Research on the Evaluation System of Government Data Openness DegreeMa Haiqun1Zou Chunlong2*

（1.Research Center of Information Resources Management，Heilongjiang University，Harbin 150080，China；

2.Business School，Jilin University，Changchun 130012，China）

〔Abstract〕[Purpose/Significance]To put forward suggestions for improving data openness of government reasonably，and provides measuring means of quantitative study for related scholars，this paper built a evaluation system of data openness of government.[Method/Process]Drawing on the power theory to analyze the theoretical basis of government data opening，from the power subject and relative right，it designed evaluation index combined with existing researches about features of open data and evaluation of government open data.Analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the weight of indicators，then validating the usability of evaluation system by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.[Result/Conclusion]The evaluation system of the data openness of government had certain practicability and operability.Among the evaluation system，the accuracy of data had the maximum weight，government support and insurance of governmental data secondly.To make data openness government reasonably，the attention was paid to improve the data accuracy of service quality of government and to enhance input and data security protection isnecessarg.[Innovation/Value]Existing researches about government open data only focused on the evaluation of influence factor，lacking the concentration of government data openness.This paper provided the evaluation system of government data openness，according to the importance of index，taking the opening degree as the breakthrough point.

〔Key words〕government open data；data openness degree；analytic hierarchy process；fuzzy synthesis method；evaluation system

大數(shù)據(jù)環(huán)境下，各種信息技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展促使圍繞政治、經(jīng)濟和文化發(fā)展的數(shù)據(jù)量呈指數(shù)增長，并影響著人們的生活，因而政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)也逐漸成為公民與政府聯(lián)系的重要紐帶，對公民政務(wù)參與具有重要的意義[1]。政府作為數(shù)據(jù)的生成者和管理者在履行政府職能的過程中會采集、生成、公開所獲取和得到的數(shù)據(jù)資源，以此將辦公過程透明化而實現(xiàn)公民的監(jiān)督和參與。這些海量不斷生成的政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)與公眾的生活和生產(chǎn)息息相關(guān)，將其進行整合、利用和公開公布成為政府的重要職責(zé)[2]。推動政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)的開放能夠使政府決策和服務(wù)更加透明化，同時打破政府各部門之間、政府與人民之間的信息不對稱[3]，使共享數(shù)據(jù)普及化，提高政府開放資源的利用率。并且，公民數(shù)據(jù)獲取數(shù)量的多少能夠顯著影響其參與政府事務(wù)的可能性，從而提高公民參與公共事務(wù)的激情和能力[4]。所以，合理地評價政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放程度是政府判斷工作效果的重要基礎(chǔ)，并使政府明確自身需要提升的領(lǐng)域，因此構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)且全面的政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放程度評價體系具有十分重要的意義。