甜蕎株高和莖粗的遺傳分析

李英雙 胡 丹 聶 蛟 黃科慧 張玉珂 張園莉 佘恒志 方小梅,2 阮仁武,2 易澤林,2,*

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甜蕎株高和莖粗的遺傳分析

李英雙1,**胡 丹3,**聶 蛟1黃科慧1張玉珂1張園莉1佘恒志1方小梅1,2阮仁武1,2易澤林1,2,*

1西南大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)與生物科技學(xué)院, 重慶 400716;2重慶市蕎麥產(chǎn)業(yè)體系創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì), 重慶 400716;3甘肅省種子管理局, 甘肅蘭州 730000

甜蕎極易倒伏, 而株高和莖粗是影響甜蕎倒伏的重要性狀。以高稈健壯品種酉蕎2號和矮稈纖細(xì)品種烏克蘭大粒蕎為親本配制正、反交組合, P1、P2、F1、B1、B2和F2群體株高和莖粗的遺傳分析表明, 株高和莖粗的最適遺傳模型均為2對加性-顯性-上位性主基因+加性-顯性多基因模型。株高正交組合中2對主基因加性效應(yīng)均為-1.39, 顯性效應(yīng)分別為-6.59和-7.91, B1、B2和F2群體主基因遺傳率分別是45.73%、63.49%和81.12%, 多基因遺傳率分別是27.41%、0.95%和0; 反交組合中2對主基因加性效應(yīng)值均為-1.63, 顯性效應(yīng)分別為-7.03和-4.19, B1、B2和F2群體中主基因遺傳率是41.51%、66.18%和81.81%, 多基因遺傳率分別是11.19%、0和0。莖粗正交組合中2對主基因加性效應(yīng)均為0.03, 顯性效應(yīng)分別為-0.50和-0.08, B1、B2和F2群體中主基因遺傳率分別是37.26%、48.80%和72.10%, 多基因遺傳率分別是11.18%、0和0; 反交組合中2對主基因加性效應(yīng)均為-0.15, 顯性效應(yīng)分別為-0.30和-0.16, B1、B2和F2群體中主基因遺傳率是76.22%、47.12%和82.51%, 多基因遺傳率分別為0、14.53%和0。可見, 株高的主基因+多基因遺傳率在80%以上, 可在低世代進(jìn)行選擇; 莖粗的主基因+多基因遺傳率在80%以下, 采取合理的栽培措施可以提高蕎麥抗倒伏能力。

甜蕎; 株高; 莖粗; 數(shù)量性狀; 遺傳分析

株高和莖粗是評定作物抗倒伏能力的重要指標(biāo)。在一定株高范圍內(nèi), 植株越高, 倒伏率越高, 同時(shí), 莖稈的節(jié)間長度越短, 基部莖稈越粗, 植株越不易倒伏[12-16]。目前主要通過調(diào)控種植密度[17]、烯效唑拌種[18]、莖稈解剖結(jié)構(gòu)以及木質(zhì)素合成研究甜蕎倒伏[19-20], 對甜蕎株高、莖粗的遺傳分析尚未見相關(guān)報(bào)道。蓋鈞鎰等[21]提出適合植物遺傳分析的1對主基因+多基因和2對主基因+多基因混合模型的單世代和聯(lián)合多世代的分析方法, 已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于不同作物不同性狀的遺傳分析, 如水稻種子抗老化[22]、棉花高品質(zhì)纖維性狀[23]、玉米種子休眠[24]、小麥雄性不育[25]、大豆的根系性狀[26]、花生產(chǎn)量[27]、油菜株高和抗倒性[28-29]、油菜花色[30]等。本文初步分析甜蕎株高和莖粗的遺傳效應(yīng), 為深入解析株高和莖粗的遺傳機(jī)制奠定基礎(chǔ), 也為甜蕎抗倒伏遺傳改良與生產(chǎn)提供依據(jù)。

1 材料與方法

1.1 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)

親本材料分別為高稈健壯品種酉蕎2號(P1)和矮稈纖細(xì)品種烏克蘭大粒蕎(P2), 前者為本課題組育成的品種, 后者由重慶市蕎麥產(chǎn)業(yè)體系提供。

試驗(yàn)材料種植在西南大學(xué)歇馬科研基地(10°3′53″~29°39′10″N, 106°18′14″~106°56′53″E), 試驗(yàn)田土壤為沙壤土。2014年秋季, 在隔離區(qū)內(nèi)配制兩親本的正、反交組合, 初花期鑒定長短柱頭并去除異類型花, 酉蕎2號群體去除短花柱植株, 留長花柱植株, 烏克蘭群體去除長花柱植株, 留短花柱植株, 成熟后分別收獲兩品種植株上的種子, 分別為正、反交F1代。2015年春季, F1隔離種植正交F1代不同植株間雜交, 反交F1代不同植株間雜交, 分別收獲兩群體的全部種子, 獲得正、反交F2代。正、反交F1代與雙親各自回交, 在母本上收獲的種子分別為正、反交B1和B2代。

2015年秋季, 將正、反交組合的6個(gè)世代分別播種, 行長3.00 m, 行距0.33 m, 株距0.20 m。P1、P2、F1種植4行, B1、B2和F2種植10行, 周圍種植3行保護(hù)行進(jìn)行隔離。

成熟期在田間隨機(jī)選取一定數(shù)量單株(表1), 用直尺測量莖稈基部至植株頂端的距離作為株高, 用游標(biāo)卡尺測量莖稈最粗的部位作為莖粗。

1.2 遺傳模型分析

根據(jù)蓋鈞鎰等[21]提出的植物數(shù)量性狀主基因+多基因混合遺傳多世代聯(lián)合分析方法, 對甜蕎株高和莖粗進(jìn)行聯(lián)合分析,采用極大似然法和IECM算法估計(jì)各世代、各成分分布的參數(shù), 通過AIC值選擇最佳模型[31], 并進(jìn)行一組適合性檢驗(yàn), 包括均勻性12、22和32檢驗(yàn)、Kolmo-Smimov檢驗(yàn)(W2)和Kolmo-Gorov檢驗(yàn)(D), 根據(jù)檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果選擇最優(yōu)遺傳模型。最后采用最小二乘法依據(jù)最優(yōu)模型的各成分分布參數(shù)估計(jì)各基因效應(yīng)值、方差等遺傳參數(shù)。

2 結(jié)果與分析

2.1 不同世代群體的株高和莖粗變異

兩親本株高和莖粗平均值分別為90.70 cm和5.45 mm, 兩親本株高相差30.76 cm, 莖粗相差1.30 mm。在正交組合中, 株高和莖粗變異豐富(表1)。

表1 正、反交組合6個(gè)世代的株高與莖粗

例如, F1株高大于雙親平均值, B1和B2代株高分別比低親小24.80 cm和9.55 cm, F2代略偏向于高親, B1、B2和F2群體的變異系數(shù)明顯高于P1、P2和F1, 說明分離世代群體離散程度高, 遺傳變異大。而在反交組合中, 株高和莖粗的變異較低(表1)。例如, F1株高小于雙親平均值, B1、B2代株高分別比低親大11.72 cm和16.19 cm, F2略偏向于低親, B1和B2代變異系數(shù)小于P1、P2和F1群體, 說明B1、B2群體的變異性較低, 但F2群體具有較高的遺傳變異。B1、B2和F2群體莖粗的變異系數(shù)低于P1和F1群體, 說明分離世代群體的遺傳多態(tài)性較低。

正、反交組合6個(gè)世代的株高(附圖1和附圖2)和莖粗(附圖3和附圖4)均呈連續(xù)性分布, 具有典型的數(shù)量遺傳特征。株高與莖粗在B1、B2和F2世代群體具有明顯多峰現(xiàn)象, 說明株高和莖粗主要受主基因遺傳效應(yīng)影響。株高反交B1世代具有明顯正態(tài)分布現(xiàn)象, 說明B1世代也受到部分多基因遺傳效應(yīng)影響。

相比于λ1,λ2的取值范圍寬,并且具有很強(qiáng)的針對性。λ1是一個(gè)定值,無論功率誤差增大或減小,λ1對開關(guān)函數(shù)的放大倍數(shù)都是一樣的,它無法跟隨系統(tǒng)實(shí)時(shí)正確地改變開關(guān)函數(shù)在代價(jià)函數(shù)中的比重。λ2的優(yōu)勢就顯得十分明顯,當(dāng)功率誤差較小時(shí),系統(tǒng)功率跟蹤準(zhǔn)確,可以適當(dāng)減少開關(guān)動作次數(shù),此時(shí),λ2增大,開關(guān)函數(shù)在代價(jià)函數(shù)中的比重上升,開關(guān)頻率下降;當(dāng)功率誤差較大時(shí),急需穩(wěn)定功率跟蹤,此時(shí),λ2減小,功率跟蹤函數(shù)在代價(jià)函數(shù)中的比重上升,系統(tǒng)將快速減少功率誤差。

2.2 株高和莖粗主基因+多基因遺傳分析

根據(jù)AIC準(zhǔn)則, 選取AIC值最小及與最小AIC值比較接近的3組遺傳模型作為備選模型(附表1)。對正交組合, B-4、D-2、E-1為株高遺傳的備選模型, B-1、E-0、E-1為莖粗遺傳的備選模型; 同理, 株高與莖粗反交的3個(gè)備選模型均為C-0、D-0和E-1。

對備選模型進(jìn)行一組適合性測驗(yàn)(均勻性檢驗(yàn)、Smirnov檢驗(yàn)和Kolmogorov檢驗(yàn)的5個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)量12、22、32、2和D), 選擇統(tǒng)計(jì)量達(dá)到顯著水平個(gè)數(shù)最少的模型為最適模型(表2), 正反交株高與莖粗的最佳遺傳模型均為E-1模型, 即2對加性-顯性-上位性主基因+加性-顯性多基因模型。

表2 正反交組合后代株高與莖粗備選遺傳模型的適合性檢驗(yàn)

MG: 主基因; MX: 主基因+多基因; A: 加性; D: 顯性; I: 互作; E: 相等。例如E-1模型, MX2-ADI-AD表示2對加性-顯性-上位性主基因+加性-顯性多基因混合遺傳模型。表中參數(shù)對應(yīng)的數(shù)字指達(dá)到顯著水平的統(tǒng)計(jì)量個(gè)數(shù)。

M G: major gene; MX: mixed major gene and polygene; A: additive; D: dominance; I: interaction; E: equal. Take model E-1 as an example, MX2-ADI-AD means mixed model with two major genes with additive-dominance-epistasis effects plus additive-dominance polygene. The numbers corresponding to the parameters in the table refer to the number of statistics that achieve significant levels.

2.3 正、反交組合株高和莖粗最適遺傳模型遺傳參數(shù)估算

根據(jù)選擇的最佳模型E-1得出的極大似然估計(jì)值經(jīng)計(jì)算得到株高的一階(表3)、二階遺傳參數(shù)(表4), 正、反交組合中控制株高的兩對主基因加性效應(yīng)相等, 顯性效應(yīng)大于加性效應(yīng), 均為負(fù)向效應(yīng)。正交組合中2對主基因顯性效應(yīng)均為負(fù), 且|h|<|h|, 說明株高主基因存在雜種優(yōu)勢(負(fù)向), 且以第2對主基因的顯性效應(yīng)為主, 反交組合中|h|>|h|, 則以第1對主基因的顯性效應(yīng)為主。正交組合2對基因加性和顯性效應(yīng)之間的互作(j和j)分別為+8.44和-9.48, 表明基因互作對該正交組合株高影響較大。

表3 正、反交組合株高與莖粗一階遺傳參數(shù)估計(jì)值

: 群體均方;d: 第1對主基因的加性效應(yīng);d: 第 2 對主基因的加性效應(yīng);h: 第1對主基因的顯性效應(yīng);h: 第2對主基因的顯性效應(yīng);: 主基因加性×加性互作效應(yīng);j: 第1對主基因加性×第2對主基因顯性互作效應(yīng);j: 第2對主基因加性×第1對主基因顯性互作效應(yīng);: 主基因顯性×顯性互作效應(yīng); []: 多基因加性效應(yīng); []: 多基因的顯性效應(yīng)。

: mean of population;d: additive effect of the first major gene;d: additive effect of the second major gene;h: dominant effect of the first major gene;h: dominant effect of the second major gene;: additive × additive interaction effect of major gene;j: additive effect of the first major gene × dominant effect of the second major gene;j: additive effect of the second major gene × dominant effect of the first major gene;: dominant × dominant interaction effect of major gene; []: additive effect of polygene; []: dominant effect of polygene.

表4 正、反交組合株高與莖粗二階遺傳參數(shù)估計(jì)值

p2: 表型方差;mg2: 主基因方差;pg2: 多基因方差;e2: 環(huán)境方差;mg2: 主基因遺傳力;pg2: 多基因遺傳率。

p2: phenotypic variance;mg2: major gene variance;pg2: polygene variance;e2: environmental variance;mg2: heritability of major gene;pg2: heritability of polygene.

正、反交組合中, F2代株高的主基因表現(xiàn)出較高的遺傳力, 分別達(dá)81.12%和81.81%, 具有很高的選擇率。正交組合中B1、B2和F2世代的主基因+多基因效應(yīng)決定株高表型變異的73.14%、64.44%和81.12%, 反交組合中這3個(gè)世代的遺傳效應(yīng)分別為52.70%、66.18%和81.81%, 可見, 雖然環(huán)境因素對表型變異有一定貢獻(xiàn), 但環(huán)境效應(yīng)明顯小于遺傳效應(yīng), 說明環(huán)境對甜蕎株高的影響較小。

正、反交組合中控制莖粗的2對主基因加性相等, 顯性效應(yīng)大于加性效應(yīng), 2對主基因顯性效應(yīng)均為負(fù), 且|h|>|h|, 說明莖粗主基因存在雜種優(yōu)勢(負(fù)向), 且以第1對主基因的顯性效應(yīng)為主。正交組合中兩對基因加性和顯性互作效應(yīng)(j和j)分別為+0.04和-0.41, 而反交j和j分別為-0.27和+0.86, 表明兩對基因互作對莖粗影響較大。

正、反交組合F2世代莖粗的主基因表現(xiàn)出較高的遺傳力, 分別達(dá)72.10%和82.51%, 具有較高的選擇率。正交組合中, 主基因+多基因分別解釋了B1、B2和F2代莖粗變異的48.44%、48.80%和72.10%, 多基因遺傳率(11.18%)僅在B1代表現(xiàn); 各群體環(huán)境變異占表型變異的36.21%~55.26%, 平均47.56%。反交組合中, 主基因+多基因可分別解釋B1、B2和F2代莖粗變異的76.22%、61.65%和82.51%, 多基因遺傳率(14.53%)只在B2代存在; 各群體環(huán)境變異占表型變異的30.88%~37.50%, 平均33.90%?？梢? 環(huán)境對甜蕎莖粗影響較大。

3 討論

株高和莖粗是評定作物抗倒伏能力的重要指標(biāo), 明確其遺傳規(guī)律是指導(dǎo)育種實(shí)踐的基礎(chǔ), 陳桂華等[32]研究表明, 株高、節(jié)間粗度、單莖鮮重和彎曲力矩等是影響水稻抗倒伏能力的重要因素; 朱新開等[33]發(fā)現(xiàn), 矮稈、基部節(jié)間短與重心低有利于小麥抗倒伏; 豐光等[34]發(fā)現(xiàn)玉米倒伏與株高極顯著正相關(guān)。在蕎麥上, 劉星貝等[35]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)莖稈形態(tài)特性與抗倒伏能力密切相關(guān), 植株越矮、莖稈越粗壯、節(jié)間越密集、節(jié)間充實(shí)度高、機(jī)械組織層數(shù)多、機(jī)械組織和莖壁厚、維管束數(shù)目多且面積大會增強(qiáng)莖稈抗倒伏性能。

主基因+多基因混合模型聯(lián)合多世代分析法自問世以來, 已在多種作物的株高和莖粗研究中得到應(yīng)用, 如高淀粉玉米株高符合1對加性主基因+加性-顯性多基因模型[36], 甘藍(lán)型油菜株高受到1對加性-顯性主基因+加性-顯性-上位性多基因混合遺傳模型控制(D-0模型)[29]。甜蕎株高和莖粗相關(guān)遺傳分析尚未見報(bào)道。本研究表明, 株高和莖粗的最佳遺傳模型均為E-1模型, 即2對加性-顯性-上位性主基因+加性-顯性多基因模型, 其中顯性效應(yīng)大于加性效應(yīng), 表現(xiàn)為超顯性, 這與玉米[36]和甘藍(lán)型油菜[29]上的報(bào)道不同, 可能與不同物種的遺傳機(jī)制差異有關(guān)。

從遺傳率來看, 本研究正、反交組合株高和莖粗的遺傳率范圍分別為52.7%~81.81%和48.44%~ 82.51%, 其中主基因遺傳率大于多基因遺傳率。株高正交組合多基因遺傳率在B1和B2世代存在, 反交組合只在B1世代存在; 莖粗正交組合多基因遺傳率僅在B1世代表現(xiàn), 反交組合只在B2世代存在, 正、反交組合株高和莖粗多基因遺傳率在F2代都為0, 主基因遺傳率在F2世代表現(xiàn)最高, 具有很高的選擇率, 表明早期世代選擇是有效的。油菜株高和莖粗主要受顯性效應(yīng)控制[37], 環(huán)境因素對株高的影響較小, 對莖粗有一定的影響。本研究得到相似結(jié)論, 甜蕎株高各群體的環(huán)境變異占表型變異的25.46%~ 37.08%, 而遺傳貢獻(xiàn)率為62.92%~74.54%, 說明株高主要受顯性效應(yīng)控制; 莖粗各群體的環(huán)境變異占表型變異的33.54%~46.38%, 略低于遺傳貢獻(xiàn)率(54.62%~66.46%), 說明環(huán)境對甜蕎莖粗有一定影響。無論正交還是反交, 株高和莖粗的最佳遺傳模型均一致, 皆表現(xiàn)為超顯性, 遺傳率范圍大致相同, 主基因遺傳率大于多基因遺傳率, 表明甜蕎株高和莖粗不受細(xì)胞質(zhì)遺傳的影響。

植物數(shù)量性狀的遺傳模型分析方法與QTL檢測主基因的數(shù)量相對一致[38], 由于分析所推論的基因只是概念上的基因, 難以做個(gè)別比較, 為了更好地解釋本文中控制株高及莖粗的基因數(shù)目多少、效應(yīng)值大小和是否為同一基因, 有必要利用分子標(biāo)記進(jìn)行QTL定位研究。因此可利用分子標(biāo)記對甜蕎F2群體開展株高和莖粗QTL分析, 為甜蕎株型改良分子標(biāo)記育種和圖位克隆奠定前期研究基礎(chǔ)。

4 結(jié)論

在高稈健壯品種酉蕎2號和矮稈纖細(xì)品種烏克蘭大粒蕎正、反交組合衍生的P1、P2、F1、B1、B2和F2世代群體中, 株高和莖粗均呈連續(xù)分布, 且符合2對加性-顯性-上位性主基因+加性-顯性多基因模型。株高的主基因+多基因遺傳率在80%以上, 可在早代進(jìn)行株高選擇, 以提高育種效率; 莖粗的主基因+多基因遺傳率在80%以下, 環(huán)境因素對莖粗有一定效應(yīng), 可利用栽培措施提高甜蕎抗倒伏能力。

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附表1 正反交組合株高與莖粗表型分布的極大對數(shù)似然函數(shù)值和AIC值

Supplementary table 1 Maximum log likelihood estimated value and AIC value for plant height and stem diameter in reciprocal crosses

模型Model模型含義Implication of modelP1′ P2P2′ P1 株高Plant height莖粗 Stem diameter株高 Plant height莖粗 Stem diameter 極大對數(shù)似然函數(shù)值 log max likelihood value A-11MG-AD–2471.03–911.79–2221.06–831.34 A-21MG-A–2471.27–913.18–2220.93–835.71 A-31MG-EAD–2517.11–912.04–2252.92–831.55 A-41MG-AEND–2542.66–907.83–2287.76–841.14 B-12MG-ADI–2462.85–854.59–2190.52–814.82 B-22MG-AD–2466.77–910.59–2221.34–832.65 B-32MG-A–2524.10–934.20–2281.29–874.56 B-42MG-EA–2466.05–913.57–2213.12–837.46 B-52MG-AED–2499.91–911.93–2230.42–833.39 B-62MG-EEAD–2499.91–911.93–2230.42–833.39 C-0PG-ADI–2473.89–859.01–2175.84–809.55 C-1PG-AD–2467.03–905.21–2214.12–838.68 D-0MX1-AD-ADI–2461.91–853.03–2174.53–803.64 D-1MX1-AD-AD–2466.94–906.60–2215.13–838.79 D-2MX1-A-AD–2461.37–893.08–2214.78–825.99 D-3MX1-EAD-AD–2466.32–908.12–2215.29–838.44 D-4MX1-AEND-AD–2466.40–905.01–2215.31–837.98 E-0MX2-ADI-ADI–2454.25–843.30–2174.53–803.63 E-1MX2-ADI-AD–2450.50–844.42–2161.64–791.16 E-2MX2-AD-AD–2466.33–908.12–2215.29–838.44 E-3MX2-A-AD–2467.93–906.89–2214.68–930.84 E-4MX2-EA-AD–2466.25–908.12–2215.29–838.44 E-5MX2-AED-AD–2466.32–908.12–2215.29–838.44 E-6MX2-EEAD-AD–2466.32–908.12–2215.29–838.44 AIC值 AIC value A-11MG-AD4950.061831.594450.111670.67 A-21MG-A4948.551832.364447.861677.43 A-31MG-EAD5040.221830.084511.841669.09 A-41MG-AEND5091.331821.664581.521688.29 B-12MG-ADI4945.701729.194401.031649.64 B-22MG-AD4945.531833.194454.671677.30 B-32MG-A5056.201876.394570.581757.12 B-42MG-EA4938.091833.144432.251680.93 B-52MG-AED5007.811831.854468.851674.77

(續(xù)附表1)

模型Model模型含義Implication of modelP1′ P2P2′ P1 株高 Plant height莖粗 Stem diameter株高 Plant height莖粗 Stem diameter B-62MG-EEAD5005.811829.854466.851672.78 C-0PG-ADI4967.781738.034371.691639.09 C-1PG-AD4948.061824.424442.241691.36 D-0MX1-AD-ADI4947.821730.074373.051631.28 D-1MX1-AD-AD4951.881831.204448.261695.57 D-2MX1-A-AD4938.731802.154445.571667.97 D-3MX1-EAD-AD4948.641832.244446.581692.87 D-4MX1-AEND-AD4948.811826.034446.631691.95 E-0MX2-ADI-ADI4944.511722.604385.051643.27 E-1MX2-ADI-AD4931.011718.834353.281612.32 E-2MX2-AD-AD4954.651838.244452.581698.87 E-3MX2-A-AD4953.871831.774447.371879.68 E-4MX2-EA-AD4948.501832.244446.581692.87 E-5MX2-AED-AD4950.641834.244448.581694.87 E-6MX2-EEAD-AD4948.651832.244446.581692.87

MG: 主基因模型; MX: 主基因+多基因混合模型; PG: 多基因遺傳模型; A: 加性效應(yīng); D: 顯性效應(yīng); I: 互作; N: 負(fù)向; E: 相等; 例如: E-1 模型 MX2-ADI-AD, 表示 2 對加性-顯性-上位性主基因+加性-顯性多基因混合遺傳模型。

MG: major gene model; MX: mixed major gene and polygene model; PG: polygene model; A: additive effect; D: dominance effect; I: interaction; N: negative; E: equal; e.g. Model E-1=MX2-ADI-AD, means mixed model with two major genes of additive-dominance-epistasis effects plus additive-dominance polygene.

附圖1 正交組合6世代株高的次數(shù)分布

Supplementary fig. 1 Frequency distributions of plant height in six generations derived from orthogonal cross

附圖2 反交組合6世代株高的次數(shù)分布

Supplementary fig. 2 Frequency distributions of plant height in six generations derived from back cross

附圖3 正交組合6世代莖粗的次數(shù)分布

Supplementary fig. 3 Frequency distributions of stem diameter in six generations derived from orthogonal cross

附圖4 反交組合6世代莖粗的次數(shù)分布

Supplementary fig. 4 Frequency distributions of stem diameter in six generations derived from back cross

Genetic Analysis of Plant Height and Stem Diameter in Common Buckwheat

LI Ying-Shuang1,**, HU Dan3,**, NIE Jiao1, HUANG Ke-Hui1, ZHANG Yu-Ke1, ZHANG Yuan-Li1, SHE Heng-Zhi1, FANG Xiao-Mei1,2, RUAN Ren-Wu1,2, and YI Ze-Lin1,2,*

1College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;2Innovation Team of Chongqing Buckwheat Industry System, Chongqing 400716, China;3Seed Administration Station of Gansu, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China

Common buckwheat (M.) is susceptible to lodging, and plant height and stem diameter are recognized as important traits for lodging resistance. In this study, we developed the Pl, P2, Fl, F2, Bl, and B2populations from the reciprocal crosses between Youqiao 2 (YQ2, lodging-resistance) and Ukraine daliqiao (UD, lodging-susceptible) and analyzed the genetic effects of plant height and stem diameter. The heredity of both traits optimally fitted to the genetic model for two major genes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance effects. For plant height in the orthogonal combination, additive effects of both two major genes were –1.39 and the dominant effects were –6.59 and –7.91. Heritability values of the major genes in B1, B2, and F2were 45.73%, 63.49%, and 81.12%, and those of polygenes were 27.41%, 0.95%, and 0, respectively. For plant height in the back cross, additive effects of both two major genes were –1.63 and the dominant effects were –7.03 and –4.19, respectively. Heritability values of the major genes in B1, B2, and F2were 41.51%, 66.18%, and 81.81%, and those of polygenes were 11.19%, 0, and 0, respectively. For stem diameter in the orthogonal combination, the two major genes had 0.03 and 0.03 of additive effect and –0.50 and –0.08 of dominant effect. Heritability values of the major genes in B1, B2and F2were 37.26%, 48.80%, and 72.10%, and those of polygenes were 11.18%, 0, and 0, respectively. For stem diameter in the back cross, the two major genes possessed-0.15 and-0.15 of additive effect and-0.30 and-0.16 of dominant effect. The estimated heritability values in B1, B2, and F2were 76.22%, 47.12%, and 82.51%, respectively, for the major genes and 0, 14.53%, and 0, respectively, for the polygenes. These results suggest that plant height can be selected in early generations because the heritability of major genes plus polygenes was larger than 80%, whereas proper cultivation practice may enhance lodging resistance of buckwheat because the heritability of major genes plus polygenes was lower than 80%.

common buckwheat; plant height; stem diameter; quantitative trait; genetic analysis

2018-04-11;

2018-06-11.

易澤林, E-mail: yzlin1969@126.com**同等貢獻(xiàn)(Contributed equally to this work)

李英雙, E-mail: 775903522@qq.com

2017-11-09;

10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01185

本研究由中央高校基本業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)(XDJK2017D071), 重慶市蕎麥產(chǎn)業(yè)體系創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目(CQCYT2017001), 蕎麥抗倒伏栽培技術(shù)集成與示范推廣項(xiàng)目(cstc2017shms-xdny80024), 中國博士后科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2017M622944)和重慶市博士后科研項(xiàng)目(Xm2017176)資助。

This study was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (XDJK2017D071), Chongqing Buckwheat Industry System Innovation Team (CQCYT2017001), Integration and Demonstration Promotion for the Buckwheat Lodging-resistant Cultivation Technique (cstc2017shms-xdny80024), Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M622944), and Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Xm2017176).

URL: http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1809.S.20180608.1320.002.html