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      基于PubMed的心肌炎生物標(biāo)志物雙向聚類分析

      2018-05-23 11:13:18陳凱明
      關(guān)鍵詞:生物標(biāo)志物心肌炎

      陳凱明

      【摘要】 目的:探索分析近年來心肌炎生物標(biāo)志物的研究熱點(diǎn)。方法:選用PubMed數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),檢索式為“Biomarkers”[Mesh] AND “Myocarditis”[Mesh],檢索結(jié)果采用書目信息挖掘系統(tǒng)(BICOMS)軟件進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)計(jì)量學(xué)分析,使用gCLUTO 2.1軟件進(jìn)行雙向聚類及可視化分析。結(jié)果:共檢索到文獻(xiàn)592篇,統(tǒng)計(jì)分析后劃分為以下6個(gè)主題:規(guī)范使用生物計(jì)算機(jī)語言能更好的在生物醫(yī)學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中檢索到目標(biāo)文獻(xiàn);4-1BB、CD11b(+)單核細(xì)胞、CCR1拮抗劑通過激活T細(xì)胞的免疫應(yīng)答對(duì)抗心肌炎;PubTator軟件有助于檢索專業(yè)醫(yī)學(xué)數(shù)據(jù);IL-33、IL-22對(duì)由柯薩奇病毒所致的病毒性心肌炎有保護(hù)作用;髓間充脂干細(xì)胞、聯(lián)合治療CTLA4Ig與ICOSIg、CCR5三者均能對(duì)抗自身免疫性心肌炎;利用核磁成像對(duì)MINCOA及心肌炎患者診斷與治療。結(jié)論:雙向聚類分析方法很好地體現(xiàn)了當(dāng)前心肌炎生物標(biāo)志物領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)與發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。

      【關(guān)鍵詞】 心肌炎; 生物標(biāo)志物; 雙向聚類分析

      Bidirectional Clustering Analysis of Myocarditis Biomarkers Based on PubMed/CHEN Kaiming.//Medical Innovation of China,2018,15(03):143-145

      【Abstract】 Objective:To explore and analyze the hotspots of myocarditis biomarkers in recent years.Method:The PubMed database was selected and retrieved as “Biomarkers”[Mesh] AND “Myocarditis”[Mesh].The retrieval results were analyzed by bibliographic metrology using bibliographic information mining system (BICOMS),and bidirectional clustering and visual analysis by gCLUTO 2.1 software.Result:A total of 592 literatures were retrieved,and the statistical analysis was divided into the following six topics:standardized use of biological computer language to better retrieve the target literature in the biomedical database;4-1BB,CD11b(+) monocytes and CCR1 antagonism antagonistic myocarditis by activating T-cell immune response;PubTator software help to retrieve professional medical data;IL-33 and IL-22 have protective effects on viral myocarditis caused by Coxsackie virus;mesenchymal stem cell,combined treatment of CTLA4Ig and ICOSIg,CCR5 can fight against autoimmune myocarditis;using NMR imaging for diagnosis and treatment of MINCOA with myocarditis patients.Conclusion:The bidirectional clustering analysis method well reflects the current research hotspot and development trend of myocarditis biomarkers.

      【Key words】 Myocarditis; Biomarkers; Bidirectional clustering analysis

      First-authors address:Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College,Shenyang 110024,China

      doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2018.03.039

      心肌炎是一種與心臟功能障礙有關(guān)的心肌炎性疾病[1]。雙向聚類分析是一種探索性的分析方法,針對(duì)大型數(shù)據(jù)集,并應(yīng)用于眾多領(lǐng)域[2]。gCLUTO 2.1是一個(gè)軟件包[3],用于分析數(shù)據(jù)集低維與高維的特征。通過了解心肌炎生物標(biāo)志物的發(fā)展與研究歷程,更新相關(guān)觀念,借鑒外國(guó)先進(jìn)的模式與理念,為我國(guó)心肌炎的研究提供啟示。

      1 材料與方法

      1.1 檢索方法 基于PubMed數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),檢索式為“Biomarkers”[Mesh] AND “Myocarditis”[Mesh],檢索時(shí)間為2017年7月31日。

      1.2 分析方法 采用書目信息挖掘系統(tǒng)軟件對(duì)檢索結(jié)果進(jìn)行整理,并通過gCLUTO 2.1軟件進(jìn)行雙向聚類分析,形成可視化矩陣圖(高頻主題詞代表文獻(xiàn)共現(xiàn)聚類視圖)與可視化曲面圖(PMID共現(xiàn)聚類視圖,山峰圖)。

      2 結(jié)果

      統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行拉伸處理,得到聚類結(jié)果,縱觀聚類結(jié)果圖,將高頻主題詞聚集為6個(gè)集群(圖1)??梢暬鎴D(圖2)反應(yīng)各聚類的整體特征與效果,山峰高度與聚類內(nèi)部相似性成正比,山峰體積與聚類元素個(gè)數(shù)成正比,山峰顏色與集群內(nèi)部偏差成反比,顏色越深偏差越小。

      3 討論

      聚類0指0峰的高度最高,顏色最深,說明集群內(nèi)部相似性高,代表文獻(xiàn)有16420733、18225946、15838127。閱讀后綜合得出生物醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)挖掘系統(tǒng)有望提高生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究人員的效率與生產(chǎn)力,但是這些系統(tǒng)并沒有廣泛地應(yīng)用在日??蒲泄ぷ髦?。以前研究學(xué)者們使用文本挖掘系統(tǒng),獲得的文獻(xiàn)信息有一定局限性。文獻(xiàn)[4-6]建議利用計(jì)算機(jī),使用規(guī)范生物計(jì)算機(jī)語言以及人工智能或規(guī)范化的自動(dòng)化檢測(cè),可以更好地獲取文獻(xiàn)信息。

      聚類1指1峰為第二高峰,體積最大,顏色較0峰淺。說明集群內(nèi)部相似性較高,文獻(xiàn)數(shù)目最多。閱讀代表文獻(xiàn)19233196得知腫瘤壞死因子家庭成員4-1BB與其配體4-1BBL通過調(diào)節(jié)T細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)了免疫應(yīng)答,4-1BB/4-1BBL途徑阻斷了T細(xì)胞活化調(diào)節(jié)了心肌炎的發(fā)生[7];閱讀代表文獻(xiàn)18250481得知CD11b(+)單核細(xì)胞以兩種角色在心肌炎發(fā)展中起作用,一是作為IL-17誘導(dǎo)炎癥的主要底物[8];二是作為介質(zhì)限制IFN-γ依賴性負(fù)反饋調(diào)節(jié)。閱讀代表文獻(xiàn)16698032得知CCR1拮抗劑通過抑制細(xì)胞因子表達(dá)和誘導(dǎo)T細(xì)胞失活降低心肌炎的損傷程度[9]。上述文章為研究心肌炎的病理過程提供了思路。

      聚類2指2峰在所有結(jié)果峰群中高度適中,體積適中。代表文獻(xiàn)有19348628、21133848、23703206。閱讀后綜合得出文本挖掘是從海量文檔信息及網(wǎng)頁信息中提取目的信息的高通量技術(shù)。自動(dòng)化文本挖掘工具PubTator能高效準(zhǔn)確地從專業(yè)生物醫(yī)學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中檢索已知數(shù)據(jù),該軟件以適用操作系統(tǒng)廣泛、操作簡(jiǎn)便、準(zhǔn)確性高、全自動(dòng)化等特點(diǎn)被推廣。有助于蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)、基因組學(xué)及藥理學(xué)的研究[10-12]。

      聚類3指3峰的主要代表文獻(xiàn)有28041873、15611248、12920584。閱讀后得出如下結(jié)論:IL-33、IL-22對(duì)由柯薩奇病毒所致的病毒性心肌炎有保護(hù)作用[13-15]。該項(xiàng)研究為目前病毒性心肌炎的治療提供了新的研究方向。

      聚類4指4峰的顏色深度僅次于0峰,說明集群內(nèi)部文獻(xiàn)相似性較高。主要代表文獻(xiàn)有17998774、16698663、17362985。通過閱讀,整理得出如下結(jié)論:骨髓間充脂干細(xì)胞、聯(lián)合治療CTLA4Ig與ICOSIg、CCR5三者均對(duì)自身免疫性心肌炎有對(duì)抗作用[16-18]。該研究結(jié)論為目前臨床治療自身免疫性心肌炎提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。

      聚類5指5峰的代表文獻(xiàn)有25967935、26287645、26910104。閱讀后總結(jié)如下:通過核磁共振成像結(jié)果顯示高脂血癥、高肌鈣蛋白容易引發(fā)患者非阻塞性冠狀動(dòng)脈心肌梗死(MINCOA)及心肌炎。該項(xiàng)結(jié)果可以用于臨床指導(dǎo)MINCOA及心肌炎患者的診斷與治療[19-21]。

      本文針對(duì)PubMed數(shù)據(jù)源對(duì)當(dāng)前心肌炎及其生物標(biāo)志物領(lǐng)域的研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,為科研工作者在該領(lǐng)域的研究提供新思路。

      參考文獻(xiàn)

      [1] Trochu J N,Piriou N,Toquet C,et al.Myocarditis[J].Revue De Medecine Interne,2012,33(10):567-574.

      [2] Zhao Y,Karypis G.Data clustering in life sciences[J].Molecular Biotechnology,2005,31(1):55-80.

      [3] Azer S A.The Top-Cited Articles in Medical Education: A Bibliometric Analysis[J].Academic Medicine Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges,2015,90(8):1147-1161.

      [4] Hersh W.Evaluation of biomedical text-mining systems: lessons learned from information retrieval[J].Briefings in Bioinformatics,2005,6(4):344-356.

      [5] Cohen K B,Hunter L.Getting started in text mining[J].PLoS Computational Biology,2008,4(1):e20.

      [6] Palakal M,Stephens M,Mukhopadhyay S,et al.A multi-level text mining method to extract biological relationships[C]//Bioinformatics Conference. Proc IEEE Comput Soc Bioinform Conf,2002:97-108.

      [7] Haga T,Suzuki J I,Kosuge H,et al.Attenuation of experimental autoimmune myocarditis by blocking T cell activation through 4-1BB pathway[J].J Mol Cell Cardiol,2009,46(5):719-727.

      [8] Valaperti A,Marty R R,Kania G,et al.CD11b+ monocytes abrogate Th17 CD4+T cell-mediated experimental autoimmune myocarditis[J].Journal of Immunology,2008,180(4):2686-2895.

      [9] Nahmias A J,Jens S,Carlos A.A CCR1 antagonist prevents the development of experimental autoimmune myocarditis in association with T cell inactivation[J].J Mol Cell Cardiol,2006,40(6):853-861.

      [10] Krallinger M,Rojas A M,Valencia A.Creating reference datasets for systems biology applications using text mining[J].Ann N Y Acad Sci,2009,1158(1):14-28.

      [11] Plake C,Schroeder M.Computational polypharmacology with text mining and ontologies[J].Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,2011,12(3):449-457.

      [12] Wei C H,Hung-Yu K,Lu Z.PubTator: a web-based text mining tool for assisting biocuration[J].Nucleic Acids Research,2013,41(Web Server issue):518-522.

      [13] Chao W,Dong C,Xiong S.IL-33 enhances macrophage M2 polarization and protects mice from CVB3-induced viral myocarditis[J].Journal of Molecular & Cellular Cardiology,2016,103:22-30.

      [14] Fairweather D,F(xiàn)risancho-Kiss S,Yusung S A,et al.IL-12 protects against coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis by increasing IFN-gamma and macrophage and neutrophil populations in the heart[J].Journal of Immunology,2005,174(1):261-269.

      [15] Selinka H C,Wolde A,Sauter M,et al.Virus-receptor interactions of coxsackie B viruses and their putative influence on cardiotropism[J].Med Microbiol Immunol,2004,193(2-3):127-131.

      [16] Okada H,Suzuki J,F(xiàn)utamatsu H,et al.Attenuation of autoimmune myocarditis in rats by mesenchymal stem cell transplantation through enhanced expression of hepatocyte growth factor[J]. Int Heart J,2007,48(5):649-661.

      [17] Liu W,Gao C,Zhou B G,et al.Effects of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of ICOSIg and CTLA4Ig fusion protein on experimental autoimmune myocarditis[J].Autoimmunity,2006,39(2):83-92.

      [18] Gong X,F(xiàn)eng H,Zhang S,et al.Increased expression of CCR5 in experimental autoimmune myocarditis and reduced severity induced by anti-CCR5 monoclonal antibody[J].J Mol Cell Cardiol,2007,42(4):781-791.

      [19] Tornvall P,Gerbaud E,Behaghel A,et al.Myocarditis or “true” infarction by cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with a clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction without obstructive coronary disease:a meta-analysis of individual patient data[J].Atherosclerosis,2015,241(1):87-91.

      [20] Quick S,Waessnig N K,Kandler N,et al.Soluble ST2 and myocardial fibrosis in 3T cardiac magnetic resonance[J].Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal,2015,49(6):361-366.

      [21] Fan Y,Chen M,Min L,et al.Myocarditis with chest pain, normal heart function and extreme increased troponin[J].International Journal of Cardiology,2016,209:307-309.

      (收稿日期:2017-09-22) (本文編輯:張爽)

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