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      例談核心素養(yǎng)引領(lǐng)下的高中英語閱讀課教學(xué)

      2018-01-16 08:31:34覃霞
      廣西教育·B版 2017年10期

      覃霞

      【摘 要】本文以人教版 Book4 Unit1 A Student of African wildlife 閱讀課為例,闡述英語閱讀教學(xué)的具體方法,講清教學(xué)目標,定好教學(xué)立意,分階段展開教學(xué)過程,并在每一個教學(xué)過程中都有明確的教學(xué)意圖,循序漸進,步步深入,訓(xùn)練學(xué)生略讀(scanning)、細讀(close reading)、歸納內(nèi)容(summarizing)等技巧,獲取文章中的重要信息,把握文章的中心內(nèi)容。

      【關(guān)鍵詞】英語閱讀教學(xué) 略讀(scanning) 細讀(close reading) 歸納內(nèi)容(summarizing)

      【中圖分類號】G 【文獻標識碼】A

      【文章編號】0450-9889(2017)10B-0065-03

      學(xué)生英語核心素養(yǎng)的培養(yǎng),要求教師整合語言知識和技能,突出語言教學(xué)的綜合性、實踐性和關(guān)聯(lián)性。通過相關(guān)的教學(xué)設(shè)計,助推學(xué)生對文本進行深層次理解,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的情感,提升他們的英語素養(yǎng),使他們在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中養(yǎng)成獨立思考的習(xí)慣,善于探究,并樂于與他人合作,提高跨文化意識,全面提高人文素養(yǎng)。

      近期,筆者很榮幸參加了玉林市第一中學(xué)陳雪梅老師與河南師范大學(xué)王彩琴教授進行的人教版必修四第一單元中 A Student of African wildlife 閱讀課的同課異構(gòu)教學(xué)活動。根據(jù)英語學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)的內(nèi)涵,王彩琴教授的課堂教學(xué)是從情感、問題和交際三個切入點展開,以“融合”為主線,貫穿學(xué)習(xí)能力和情感態(tài)度的培養(yǎng)與發(fā)展。

      一、教學(xué)目標

      本文的閱讀目的是讓學(xué)生在閱讀本文的過程中理解 Jane Goodall 如何仔細地觀察黑猩猩,并學(xué)習(xí)她善于觀察動物的方法,以及總結(jié) Jane Goodall 在保護黑猩猩方面取得的成就。鼓勵學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí) Jane Goodall 不畏艱險的精神。進一步訓(xùn)練學(xué)生略讀(scanning)、細讀(close reading)、歸納內(nèi)容(summarizing)等閱讀技巧,善于把握文章的中心內(nèi)容,獲取與文章中心思想有關(guān)的重要信息,使學(xué)生在學(xué)完這篇文章后能針對閱讀內(nèi)容表達自己的觀點。學(xué)習(xí)并掌握本課的詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。

      二、教學(xué)立意

      本單元閱讀部分以 A Student of African wildlife 為題,描述了 Jane Goodall 與她的同事在非洲原始森林觀察黑猩猩的一個故事,闡述她從事這項觀察野生黑猩猩工作的重要性,以及她在保護黑猩猩方面所取得的成就。盡管他們在野外的考察工作很辛苦,但他們覺得這樣做是非常值得的。他們的某些重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)是在學(xué)校的實驗室里不可能獲得的。這正是 Jane Goodall 為什么要到非洲原始森林去的原因。她經(jīng)過多年研究,幫助人類了解黑猩猩的日常生活習(xí)性。她強烈呼吁人們應(yīng)該讓動物回歸自然,反對人類以任何借口用動物來做實驗、廣告或從事形形色色的娛樂活動。她努力呼吁人類要有理解動物、尊重動物和保護動物的意識。她在保護黑猩猩方面所取得的成就,毫無疑問的就是對廣大有進取心的婦女的莫大鞭策和鼓舞。

      三、教學(xué)過程

      (一)教學(xué)過程 1:捕捉關(guān)鍵詞(Seeking key words)

      設(shè)問一:What is a student?

      因為文章的標題是 A Student of African wildlife,老師讓學(xué)生思考并回答這個問題是讓學(xué)生從不同角度發(fā)表對 student (學(xué)生)的定義。問題設(shè)計意圖是教會學(xué)生看任何一篇文章時,在先懂得文章當(dāng)中講的是誰。讓學(xué)生思考,學(xué)生是什么樣的人,知道本文的主人翁是學(xué)生。

      設(shè)問二:Where is Africa?(非洲在哪里?)What is your first impression of Africa?(非洲給你的第一印象是什么?)

      問題設(shè)計意圖是讓學(xué)生通過回答這兩個問題初步理解本文講的地方就是非洲(Africa)。

      設(shè)問三:What are wildlife?(野生動物是什么?)

      問題設(shè)計意圖是讓學(xué)生通過給出野生動物的定義后,可以了解這些學(xué)生來到非洲所從事的主要研究是野生動物。

      從閱讀部分的標題 A Student of African wildlife 告訴讀者,本文有兩條行文線索,主線 student,暗線 wildlife。

      (二)教學(xué)過程 2:課中合作探究

      教師讓學(xué)生快速閱讀(略讀),然后四人合作討論并解決下列兩個任務(wù)。

      〖第一個任務(wù)〗回答問題

      1.Who is the student?(Jane Goodall)

      2.What animals were observed?(Chimps)

      〖第二個任務(wù)〗Choose the correct answers after reading the passage.

      1.What did the group do first in the morning?They

      A.helped people understand the behavior of the chimps

      B.observed the family of chimps wake up

      C.left the chimp family sleeping in a tree

      D.went into the forest slowly

      2.Why did Jane go to Africa to study chimps in the wild?Because she wanted

      A.to prove the way people think about chimps was wrongendprint

      B.to work with them in their own environment

      C.to observe a chimp family

      D.to discover what chimps eat

      3.Jane was permitted to begin her work after

      A.She lived in the forest

      B.the chimp family woke up

      C.She arrived at Gome

      D.Her mother came to support her

      4.The purpose of her study was to

      A.understand and respect the lives of chimp

      B.gain a doctors degree

      C.live in the forest as men can

      D.watch the wild chimps in cages

      (Answers:1.B ;2.B;3.D;4.D)

      〖設(shè)計說明〗學(xué)生通過合作的形式了解本文的兩大主體。這樣設(shè)計有利于建立全面完整的教學(xué)交流結(jié)構(gòu),讓學(xué)生學(xué)會運用推斷的方法進行閱讀,學(xué)會推理把握文章主題,推斷出作者的態(tài)度以及該篇文章的寫作意圖;讓學(xué)生更好地理清文章的脈絡(luò)和主旨,理解全文,同時能使學(xué)生有機會進行相互交流,共同提高。

      (三)教學(xué)過程 3 :練習(xí)

      找出各段主題句,概括段落大意,并完成下列練習(xí)。

      第一段主題句:Following Janes way of studying chimps,our group are all going to visit them in the forest.

      Main idea:How our groups studied chimps in the forest.

      第二段主題句:Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour.

      Main idea:What Jane discovered about chimps.

      第三段主題句:For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.

      Main idea:What Jane is doing now to help chimps.

      第四段主題句:She has achieved everything she wanted to do.

      Main idea:Janes achievements.

      〖設(shè)計說明〗通過歸納,學(xué)生可以逐步總結(jié)并找出本文的重點,這就是作者寫作的立意點。通過總結(jié)段落大意,幫助學(xué)生快速地獲取文章的重要信息,并理清文章的脈絡(luò),熟悉重點內(nèi)容;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力。

      (四)教學(xué)過程 4:設(shè)計表格

      設(shè)計下面的表格。通過填寫表格來幫助學(xué)生掌握 Jane Goodall 在非洲野外的活動情況和所取得的成就。

      Read the passage again to finish the following table,which lists what Jane does to protect Africa wildlife.

      〖設(shè)計說明〗通過表格形式,使學(xué)生能更快地梳理文章的內(nèi)容,學(xué)會概括文章的情節(jié),輔助學(xué)生自己對文章的記憶。

      (五)教學(xué)過程 5 :在空白處填詞

      Before Jane,no one knew fully understood chimps behavior.Jane spent much time in observing and 1 ( record) the chimps daily activities.2 her childhood she had planed to work with animals in their own environment.But it was not easy.3 she first got to Gombe in 1960,it was 4 (usual) for a woman 5 (live) in the woods.

      Only 6 her mother came and helped for the first few months was she allowed to start her project.Her work finally did change the wayt that people think about chimps.For example,one important thing she discovered 7 (be) that chimps like to hunt other animals and eat meat.

      At that time everyone thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts.But she actually witnessed chimps as 8 group hunting a monkey and then eating 9 .She also found 10 chimps communicate with each other,and Janes study the body languages of the chimps helped her worked out their social system.endprint

      (Answers:1.recording;2.Since ;3.When;4.unusual;5.to live;6.After;7.was;8.a;9.It;10.how)

      〖設(shè)計說明〗加深對課文的深層理解和對文章主人公 Jane Goodall 的思想情感的體會,對文章教育意義的把握。

      (六)教學(xué)過程 6:讀后探究(Inquiring)

      Ask the students to go over the text once again for the type of writing and discuss the questions concerning the difficult points.

      要求學(xué)生明確下面句子的重要性:

      Determining the type of writing will help students determining the authors topic(subject),purpose(why he is writing),style(how he should write)and tone(his attitude towards his subject-supportive,condemning,objective,etc.)

      The type of writing:This is a piece of narrative writing.

      〖設(shè)計說明〗通過這個讀后探究,學(xué)生懂得寫記敘文應(yīng)有明確目的,是為了弘揚一種美德?闡述一個哲理?說明一個觀點?還是批評一種傾向?讓學(xué)生理解到閱讀材料的內(nèi)涵,激發(fā)學(xué)生的閱讀興趣 ,讓學(xué)生能根據(jù)材料所表達的內(nèi)涵來了解語言的情感和文化,從而提升學(xué)生的文化意識,形成文化自覺性。在學(xué)生知識習(xí)得和知識產(chǎn)出的過程中,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生立德樹人的情操,擴大學(xué)生跨文化、跨地域的國際視野,也讓學(xué)生學(xué)會寫記敘文,并對上面的問題做到心中有數(shù)。

      (七)教學(xué)過程 7: 讀后的分享交流(sharing)

      Have a discussion 1:Do you agree with Janes idea?Why or why not?

      Key for reference:I agree with Janes idea,as we all know leaving animals in the wild is the best way to protect them.The animals like to live in the forest,as human beings like to live in the civilized world.

      Have a discussion 2:What made her a great success?

      Key for reference:We agree that there are two aspects that made Jane so successful.One is her way of studying(下轉(zhuǎn)第72頁)(上接第66頁) chimps,and the other is her deep love to the animals.The first one is facile,because it is only a way.Anyone can do it.However,for the second one,saying is easier than doing.As a lady,Jane left home,went to the forest to study the chimps and contributed all her love to the animals.It is really difficult.We all wonder how she has such great personality.

      Have a discussion 3:What do you think is the best way to protect wildlife?

      Key for reference:We should appeal to people to love wildlife,protect their habitats,make strict laws to forbid any hunters to hunt them freely,set up more natural reserves for wildlife and we are forbidden to disturb wildlife.Besides,the national wildlife reserves shouldnt be open to people.We should make everyone aware of the importance of protecting wildlife.It is also a wonderful way to understand and respect the life of animals.Building special places in which they can live safely is very effective and important.

      〖設(shè)計說明〗學(xué)生通過這個分享交流活動,不僅復(fù)習(xí)了文章,鞏固對課文的理解,而且鼓勵學(xué)生進行思考,讓學(xué)生在思維的碰撞中較為流暢地理解課文,互相探討,發(fā)表觀點,鍛煉口頭表達和組織能力。

      (八)教學(xué)過程 8:讀后的語言表達(expressing)

      Retell the story with the help of some key wordsendprint

      Key words :pay a visit to the chimps,observe the chimps,understand and respect chimp behaviors,argue for…build special places.

      A possible version

      We started at 5:45 am to pay a visit to the chimps in Gombe national park,where we carefully observed their daily life.At first,we watched a family of chimps wake up in the morning and then we followed the chimps wandering into the forest.Before that,Jane had spent many years there observing and recording the chimps' daily activities.After Jane spent many years observing and recording their daily activities,she discovered that chimps hunt and eat meat,which was against what people used to think.She also argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and people should be forbidden to use animals for entertainment or advertisements.She has achieved everything she wanted to do,but more importantly,she has got the world to understand and respect the life of chimps.

      〖設(shè)計說明〗學(xué)生通過復(fù)述課文,不僅有利于自己對語言材料的理解,鞏固和積累知識,而且也有利于提高學(xué)生的想象能力、思維能力。更重要的是,使學(xué)生的英語表達能力得到明顯提高。

      【基金項目】本文系“廣西區(qū)教育廳廣西普通高中英語學(xué)科課程基地”階段性成果之一。

      (責(zé)編 盧建龍)endprint

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