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      大黃魚(Larimichthyscrocea)IL-10基因的克隆與表達(dá)分析

      2017-04-13 05:17:10鄭維兵慕鵬飛丁連帥楊思司敖敬群艾春香陳新華
      海洋學(xué)報 2017年4期
      關(guān)鍵詞:大黃魚內(nèi)含子脾臟

      鄭維兵,慕鵬飛,丁連帥,楊思司,敖敬群,艾春香,陳新華*

      (1. 國家海洋局第三海洋研究所 海洋生物遺傳與資源重點實驗室,福建 廈門 361005;2. 廈門大學(xué) 海洋與地球?qū)W院,福建 廈門 361005)

      大黃魚(Larimichthyscrocea)IL-10基因的克隆與表達(dá)分析

      鄭維兵1,慕鵬飛2,丁連帥1,楊思司1,敖敬群1,艾春香2,陳新華1*

      (1. 國家海洋局第三海洋研究所 海洋生物遺傳與資源重點實驗室,福建 廈門 361005;2. 廈門大學(xué) 海洋與地球?qū)W院,福建 廈門 361005)

      白細(xì)胞介素10(Interleukin 10,IL-10)是一種抗炎細(xì)胞因子,可以抑制機(jī)體免疫反應(yīng)。本研究經(jīng)過分析大黃魚基因組數(shù)據(jù)庫發(fā)現(xiàn)了IL-10同源基因,并對其cDNA編碼區(qū)序列和基因組DNA序列進(jìn)行了克隆分析。大黃魚IL-10(LycIL-10)基因由5個外顯子和4個內(nèi)含子構(gòu)成,其序列全長1 869 bp,其開放閱讀框(ORF)長555 bp,編碼184個氨基酸,其N端的22個氨基酸殘基為預(yù)測的信號肽,成熟肽由162個氨基酸殘基組成,包含了脊椎動物IL-10標(biāo)志性保守序列。LycIL-10的氨基酸序列同其他已知物種的IL-10氨基酸序列的一致性為26.49%~77.01%。Real-time PCR分析發(fā)現(xiàn)LycIL-10在檢測的組織中為組成型表達(dá),在脾臟和肌肉中轉(zhuǎn)錄水平相對較高。三聯(lián)滅活細(xì)菌疫苗和聚肌苷酸胞苷酸(poly(I∶C) )刺激后,大黃魚頭腎和脾臟中LycIL-10 mRNA的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平會顯著升高,表明LycIL-10可能參與抑制大黃魚由細(xì)菌和病毒引起的炎癥反應(yīng)。

      大黃魚;白細(xì)胞介素10;分子克??;實時定量 PCR;表達(dá)分析

      1 引言

      白細(xì)胞介素10(Interleukin-10, IL-10),又稱細(xì)胞因子合成抑制因子,最初因其由Th2細(xì)胞分泌,并可以抑制Th1細(xì)胞合成與分泌IL-2和IFN-γ而被發(fā)現(xiàn),是一種有效的抗炎因子,主要由單核/巨噬細(xì)胞和Th2細(xì)胞合成分泌[1—2]。除此之外,T細(xì)胞的其他亞群、B細(xì)胞、嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞、上皮細(xì)胞、角質(zhì)細(xì)胞、間質(zhì)細(xì)胞、自然殺傷性細(xì)胞(NK細(xì)胞)和腫瘤細(xì)胞等也可以分泌IL-10[3]。由于IL-10可以抑制T細(xì)胞和NK細(xì)胞活性而被廣泛研究,隨著研究深入,發(fā)現(xiàn)其主要是通過抑制活性氧(ROS)和NO產(chǎn)生、降低MHC II和一些巨噬細(xì)胞分泌的炎癥因子(IL-1、TNF-α、IL-12和環(huán)氧酶2等)的表達(dá)從而抑制機(jī)體針對病原體入侵產(chǎn)生的免疫反應(yīng)[4—11]。在T細(xì)胞分化的過程中IL-10也發(fā)揮重要作用,其通過抑制Th1細(xì)胞因子IFN-γ和IL-2的表達(dá)來促進(jìn)T細(xì)胞向Th2分化[12—13]。

      目前已經(jīng)有多種哺乳動物的IL-10基因被克隆并研究[14—16],哺乳動物IL-10含6個α螺旋和2個分子內(nèi)二硫鍵,通常以非共價鍵結(jié)合形成同源二聚體的形式來發(fā)揮其功能[17—18]。IL-10受體(IL-10R)含有兩個亞基,IL-10R1和IL-10R2。IL-10首先與IL-10R1結(jié)合,形成IL-10/IL-10R1復(fù)合體,IL-10與IL-10R1的構(gòu)象發(fā)生改變,然后與IL-10R2結(jié)合[19—22]。IL10與受體結(jié)合后通過激活接頭蛋白Jak1(與IL-10R1結(jié)合)和Tyk2(與IL-10R2結(jié)合)來激活轉(zhuǎn)錄因子STAT3,在特定細(xì)胞中也可以激活STAT1和STAT5[23]。這些轉(zhuǎn)錄因子形成同源或者異源二聚體后進(jìn)入細(xì)胞核促進(jìn)細(xì)胞因子信號傳導(dǎo)抑制因子3(SOCS3)的轉(zhuǎn)錄表達(dá),SOCS3通過抑制促炎因子的轉(zhuǎn)錄表達(dá)來發(fā)揮IL-10抑制炎癥反應(yīng)的作用[24—26]。

      有研究表明多種哺乳動物病毒也含有IL-10基因,例如Epstein-Barr病毒(EBV)、巨細(xì)胞病毒(CMV)、馬皰疹病毒2型和羊口瘡病毒[14,27—28]。這些病毒的IL-10可以與宿主的IL-10受體結(jié)合,并發(fā)揮宿主IL-10的生物學(xué)功能,通過此來抑制宿主的免疫反應(yīng)從而達(dá)到逃避宿主免疫系統(tǒng)攻擊的目的[29]。目前普遍認(rèn)為病毒IL-10基因是其入侵宿主后從宿主獲得的完全的或者不完全的IL-10轉(zhuǎn)錄剪切體。

      Zou等運(yùn)用生物信息學(xué)方法分析紅鰭東方鲀(Fugurubripes)的基因組首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了魚類的IL-10基因[29]。近年來,已經(jīng)有多種魚類的IL-10基因被發(fā)現(xiàn),包括虹鱒(Oncorhynchusmykiss)、斑馬魚(Daniorerio)、鱈魚(Gadusmorhua)、鯉魚(Cyprinuscarpio)、美國黑鱸(Dicentrarchuslabrax)、白鰱(Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix)和金魚(CarassiusauratusL.)[30—37]。在虹鱒中發(fā)現(xiàn)了氨基酸序列一致性高達(dá)92%的兩個IL-10基因,而其他魚類均只發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個IL-10基因[37]。在金魚中,被滅活的殺鮭氣單胞菌(Aeromonassalmonicida)激活的單核細(xì)胞與IL-10充分孵育后,其TNF-α1、TNF-α2、 IL-1β1、IL-10、CXCL_8/IL-8和NADPH氧化組建件p47(phox)表達(dá)量均下降,而經(jīng)過IL-10預(yù)處理后,單核細(xì)胞則不會被殺鮭氣單胞菌或者IFN-γ激活而產(chǎn)生活性氧中間產(chǎn)物(ROI)[36]。另外金魚的IL-10可以誘導(dǎo)STAT3磷酸化并且入核,STAT3入核后迅速促進(jìn)SOCS3的轉(zhuǎn)錄表達(dá)[36]。研究表明鯉魚的IL-10可以抑制PMA和LPS對中性粒細(xì)胞和巨噬細(xì)胞的激活作用,并可以抑制巨噬細(xì)胞中MHC抗原呈遞相關(guān)基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄表達(dá)[38]。一個IL-10同源基因在錦鯉孢疹病毒(Koi herpesvirus, Khv)中被發(fā)現(xiàn),此病毒的IL-10基因與鯉魚IL-10基因具有中等的相似度,并含有一個信號肽,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其對病毒的復(fù)制和病毒的毒性都不是必須的[39]。錦鯉孢疹病毒IL-10(Khv IL-10)刺激斑馬魚胚胎后,發(fā)現(xiàn)lyz+(溶菌酶表達(dá)陽性)細(xì)胞數(shù)目增多,當(dāng)IL-10R1基因表達(dá)被沉默之后,這一功能又被屏蔽,說明其可以利用斑馬魚的IL-10R1,并具有和斑馬魚IL-10相似的功能[40]。最新研究表明Khv IL-10與其宿主IL-10一樣,可以通過STAT3信號通路發(fā)揮抗炎功能[41]。目前已有許多大黃魚細(xì)胞因子被研究,例如IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、IL-17A/F、IFN-γ和CXCL8等[42—46],但未見針對大黃魚IL-10的相關(guān)研究。通過對大黃魚基因組分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個IL-10同源基因[47]。進(jìn)一步克隆了LycIL-10基因的cDNA全長并分析了其cDNA序列和其編碼蛋白的氨基酸序列特征,還對大黃魚IL-10的組織分布和誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)特點進(jìn)行了研究。

      2 材料與方法

      2.1 實驗魚

      實驗用大黃魚購自福建省福州市連江縣下嶼村,體長為(20±1.76)cm,體質(zhì)量為(100±21.5)g。采樣時養(yǎng)殖水域溫度為(20±3)℃。

      2.2 疫苗制備

      副溶血弧菌(Vibrioparahaemolyticus)、溶藻弧菌(Vibrioalginolyticus)、嗜水汽單胞菌(Aeromonashydrophila)均為實驗室從大黃魚病魚中分離所得[48]。實驗時將菌種從-80℃冰箱取出平板劃線活化,然后挑取單菌落接種至LB培養(yǎng)基中,培養(yǎng)至OD600至0.5左右,收集菌體,用無菌PBS洗滌菌體兩次后將菌體重懸制備成菌體懸液(3×109cfu/mL),最后將3種菌的懸液等體積混合。高壓滅活后制成三聯(lián)滅活細(xì)菌疫苗,保存于4℃冰箱備用。Poly(I∶C)粉末溶解于無菌PBS,調(diào)整濃度至1 mg/mL,保存于-20℃冰箱備用。

      2.3 樣品采集

      健康大黃魚組織樣品采集:將健康大黃魚置于50 mg/L的MS-222中麻醉,待大黃魚處于麻醉狀態(tài)后先抽取大黃魚血液,后取大黃魚脾臟、腦、腎臟、肝臟、皮膚、肌肉、心臟、鰓以及小腸等組織樣品,置于液氮中速凍,運(yùn)回實驗室后轉(zhuǎn)移至-80℃冰箱保存。

      三聯(lián)滅活細(xì)菌疫苗刺激組及poly(I∶C)刺激組樣品采集:首先以腹腔兩點注射的方法將三聯(lián)滅活細(xì)菌疫苗和poly(I∶C)儲存液分別注射健康的大黃魚,每尾魚注射200 μL,每種溶液注射35尾魚。另用等體積PBS注射作為對照。在注射后在0 h、6 h、12 h、24 h和48 h等時間點,每個時間點取5尾大黃魚,首先置于50 mg/L 的MS-222中麻醉,待大黃魚處于麻醉狀態(tài)后取脾臟和頭腎組織樣品并迅速置于液氮速凍,運(yùn)回實驗室后轉(zhuǎn)移至-80℃冰箱保存。

      2.4 RNA提取以及cDNA第一鏈的制備

      同一組的5尾大黃魚,每尾取10~20 mg組織混合后加入1 mL Trizol (Life Technology),用勻漿器勻漿,根據(jù)Trizol法提取RNA操作指南提取總RNA。提取后的總RNA經(jīng)DNase I(TaKaRa)處理,酚/氯仿/異戊醇(25∶24∶1)(索萊寶科技有限公司)再次抽提。最后按照逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶M-MLV (RNase H-)(TaKaRa)說明書將RNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄為第一鏈cDNA后保存于-20℃冰箱備用。

      2.5 大黃魚IL-10基因克隆

      根據(jù)大黃魚基因組預(yù)測的LycIL-10 cDNA序列(GenBank登錄號為XM_010738826.1)及基因組DNA序列(GenBank登錄號為JPYK01015197.1),利用Primer Premier 5.0軟件設(shè)計引物P1、P2(引物序列見表1)進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增LycIL-10基因開放閱讀框(ORF)和基因組DNA序列,引物(生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司)序列如下(表1)。使用TransStart Fast Pfu Fly DNA聚合酶(全式金生物技術(shù)有限公司)進(jìn)行PCR反應(yīng),反應(yīng)件如下:95℃預(yù)變性3 min;然后按95℃變性30 s,58℃退火30 s,cDNA為模板時72℃延伸30 s,基因組DNA為模板時延伸90 s,進(jìn)行35個循環(huán);72℃終延伸10 min。瓊脂糖(Biowest)凝膠電泳檢測PCR產(chǎn)物大小正確后,用膠回收試劑盒(Omega Bio-Tek)回收目的條帶,經(jīng)平末端加A尾試劑盒(TaKaRa)加A尾后連接至pMD20-T載體(TaKaRa)中,轉(zhuǎn)化EscherichiacoliDH5α感受態(tài)細(xì)胞,用氨芐青霉素(生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司)抗性平板篩選陽性菌落,并經(jīng)菌落PCR初步驗證后,送至上海美吉生物醫(yī)藥科技有限公司進(jìn)行測序驗證。

      表1 引物序列表

      2.6 生物信息學(xué)分析

      通過SignalP 4.0和NetNGlyc 1.0在線程序(http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/SignalP/)和(http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetNGlyc/)分別預(yù)測LycIL10信號肽序列和天冬酰胺糖基化位點。從NCBI數(shù)據(jù)庫收集其他物種的IL-10同源序列,利用DNAMAN 軟件進(jìn)行多序列比對分析,并用MEGA 6.0(Molecular Evolution Genetics Analysis)軟件通過近鄰法(Neighbor-Joining)構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹。

      2.7 大黃魚IL-10基因表達(dá)分析

      為研究LycIL-10 mRNA在健康大黃魚器官或組織中的表達(dá),通過實時熒光定量PCR(Real-time PCR),利用引物P3和P4(序列見表1)檢測LycIL-10 mRNA在健康大黃魚脾臟、血液、腦、腎臟、肝臟、皮膚、肌肉、心臟、鰓及小腸中的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平。為研究大黃魚受到免疫刺激后LycIL-10 mRNA的誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)特征,取經(jīng)過三聯(lián)滅活細(xì)菌疫苗或poly(I∶C)刺激后的大黃魚頭腎及脾臟組織(采樣方法見2.3),提取總RNA制備第一鏈cDNA,利用表1中引物(P3/P4,β-actinF/β-actinR)進(jìn)行Real-time PCR。Real-time PCR反應(yīng)條件如下:95℃預(yù)變性30 s;95℃變性5 s,58℃退火15 s,72℃延伸20 s,40個循環(huán),實驗數(shù)據(jù)采用2-ΔΔCT法進(jìn)行分析。

      以上實驗均重復(fù)3次,實驗結(jié)果利用Graph Pad Prism 5進(jìn)行分析及繪圖,采用雙尾T檢驗法進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析,P<0.05時視為差異顯著,P<0.01即為差異極顯著。

      3 結(jié)果

      3.1 大黃魚IL-10基因的克隆與序列分析

      通過分析大黃魚基因組數(shù)據(jù),我們獲得了大黃魚IL-10的cDNA編碼區(qū)序列以及基因組DNA序列,GenBank登陸號分別為XM_010738826.1 和JPYK01015197.1。利用Primer Premier 5.0軟件設(shè)計引物,分別以大黃魚脾臟cDNA和肌肉基因組為模板,通過PCR擴(kuò)增獲得了與預(yù)測大小一致的目的片段,測序結(jié)果顯示擴(kuò)增得到的目的片段序列與GenBank對應(yīng)序列一致。LycIL-10基因組DNA序列全長1 869 bp(圖1)由5個外顯子和4個內(nèi)含子構(gòu)成(圖2)。內(nèi)含子的剪切位點(5’GT-內(nèi)含子-CAG-3’)如圖1所示。

      圖1 LycIL-10的核苷酸序列及氨基酸序列分析Fig.1 Analysis of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of LycIL-10起始密碼子和終止密碼子以灰色背景顯示,方框中的DNA序列GT和CAG為內(nèi)含子的剪切位點;加下劃線部分為預(yù)測的信號肽序列,橢圓形中的氨基酸殘基為預(yù)測的N糖基化位點Features highlighted with gray include the start and stop codon, Splice sites, GT and CAG, of the intron are shown in boxes; the putative signal peptide is underlined, a potential glycosylation site is circled with ellipse

      圖2 人、小鼠、虹鱒、紅鰭東方鲀、斑馬魚和大黃魚IL-10的基因組結(jié)構(gòu)比較Fig.2 Comparison of the genomic organization of IL-10 genes in human, mouse, rainbow trout, fugu rubripes, zebrafish, large yellow croaker人(Homo sapiens, DQ217938.1)、小鼠(Mus musculus, M84340.1)、虹鱒(Oncorhynchus mykiss, AB118099.1)、紅鰭東方鲀(Takifugu rubripes, AJ539537.1)、斑馬魚(Danio rerio, AY887900.1)和大黃魚IL-10的基因組結(jié)構(gòu)比較,其中黑色方框代表外顯子黑色線條代表內(nèi)含子,外顯子長度標(biāo)在其上方Comparison of the genomic organization of IL-10 in human (Homo sapiens, DQ217938.1), mouse (Mus musculus, M84340.1), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, AB118099.1), fugu rubripes (Takifugu rubripes, AJ539537.1) and zebrafish (Danio rerio, AY887900.1) and large yellow croaker. Black boxes represent exons, thin lines joining them are introns and the numerals on the black boxes depict the length of the corresponding exons

      圖3 LycIL-10與其他脊椎動物IL-10氨基酸多序列比對Fig.3 Alignment of LycIL-10 with IL-10 from other vertebrates通過DNAMAN軟件對LycIL-10與其他脊椎動物IL-10進(jìn)行氨基酸多序列比對分析。相同氨基酸用黑色背景標(biāo)示(一致性等于100%),保守序列則使用紅色(一致性大于等于75%)及藍(lán)色(一致性大于等于50%)背景標(biāo)示。紅色方框所示為在魚類保守的而其他高等脊椎動IL-10物所沒有的兩個半胱氨酸,箭頭所指區(qū)域分別為信號肽和IL-10保守結(jié)構(gòu)域Multiple alignment of the predicted LycIL-10 translation with other known IL-10 molecules, generated by the DNAMAN software. Black background denote conserved amino acids, whilst red (identity no less than 75%) or blue (identity no less than 50%) denote conservative substitutions. Two fish-specific cysteine residues are surrounded by a red outline. The signal peptide and IL-10 family signature residues marked by the double sided arrow

      圖4 魚類及其他脊椎動物的IL-10系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹Fig.4 Phylogenetic tree of IL-10 from fish and other vertebrate species進(jìn)化樹中各物種IL-10氨基酸序列的GenBank登錄號為:鯽魚IFN-γ(Carassius auratus, ACG68885.1);人IL-10(Homo sapiens, NP_000563.1);小家鼠IL-10(Mus musculus,NP_034678.1);家犬IL-10(Canis familiaris, ABY86619.1);家貓IL-10(Felis catus, NP_001009209.1);家兔IL-10(Oryctolagus cuniculus, NP_001075514.1);野豬IL-10(Sus scrofa, NP_999206.1);原雞IL-10(Gallus gallus, NP_001004414.2);紅鰭東方鲀IL-10(Takifugu rubripes, CAD62446.1);鱸魚IL-10(Dicentrarchus labrax, CAK29522.1);斑馬魚IL-10(Danio rerio, NP_001018621.2);青斑河豚IL-10(Tetraodon nigroviridis, AAP57415.1);熱帶爪蟾IL-10(Xenopus tropicalis, NP_001165400.1);虹鱒IL-10(Oncorhynchus mykiss, BAD20648.1);鯉魚IL-10(Cyprinus carpio, BAC76885.1)Accession numbers of Genbank used for sequences of IL-10: crucian IFN-γ (Carassius auratus, ACG68885.1); human IL-10 (Homo sapiens, NP_000563.1); house mouse IL-10 (Mus musculus, NP_034678.1); dog IL-10 (Canis familiaris, ABY86619.1); domestic cat IL-10 (Felis catus, NP_001009209.1); rabbit IL-10 (Oryctolagus cuniculus, NP_001075514.1); pig IL-10 (Sus scrofa, NP_999206.1); chicken IL-10 (Gallus gallus, NP_001004414.2); fugu rubripes IL-10 (Takifugu rubripes, CAD62446.1); European seabass IL-10 (Dicentrarchus labrax, CAK29522.1); zebrafish IL-10 (Danio rerio, NP_001018621.2); spotted green pufferfish IL-10 (Tetraodon nigroviridis, AAP57415.1); tropical clawed frog IL-10 (Xenopus tropicalis, NP_001165400.1); rainbow trout IL-10 (Oncorhynchus mykiss, BAD20648.1); common carp IL-10 (Cyprinus carpio, BAC76885.1)

      圖5 LycIL-10 mRNA在不同組織中的相對轉(zhuǎn)錄水平Fig.5 Relative transcription level of LycIL-10 mRNA in different tissues

      圖6 三聯(lián)滅活細(xì)菌疫苗和 poly(I∶C)刺激后大黃魚的脾臟和頭腎中LycIL-10 mRNA的表達(dá)分析Fig.6 Expression modulation analysis of LycIL-10 mRNA in spleen and head kidney of large yellow croaker after inactivated trivalent bacterial vaccines and poly (I∶C) stimulation

      LycIL-10 ORF基因的序列全長555 bp,編碼184個氨基酸,經(jīng)SignalP 4.0在線預(yù)測其N端22個氨基酸殘基為信號肽序列,糖基化位點在線預(yù)測顯示其第146位的天冬酰胺為一個潛在N糖基化位點(圖1)。成熟的LycIL-10分子包含162個氨基酸殘基,預(yù)測其分子量約為18.73 kD,等電點(pI)為6.07。多序列比對發(fā)現(xiàn)大黃魚IL-10與其他魚類IL-10的氨基酸序列具有較高的一致性(43.78%~77.01%),與哺乳動物、鳥類以及兩棲類IL-10的氨基酸序列一致性較低(26.49%~29.41%)。其中大黃魚IL-10第156~172位氨基酸殘基“GLYKAMGELNLLFNYIE”屬于IL-10家族標(biāo)志性保守序列“G-X2-KA-X2-[DE]-X-D[ILV]-[FLY]-[FILMV]-X2-[ILMV][EKQR] ”(圖3)。系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化分析發(fā)現(xiàn),魚類的IL-10聚為一支,而鳥類哺乳動物以及兩棲類的IL-10聚為一支(圖4)。另外,LycIL-10擁有兩個在魚類IL-10保守而在其他脊椎動物IL-10中沒有的兩個半胱氨酸殘基序列(Cys-26,Cys-31)。

      3.2 大黃魚IL-10組織分布分析

      利用Real-time PCR分析發(fā)現(xiàn)LycIL-10 mRNA在健康大黃魚各個組織中均有轉(zhuǎn)錄,但在不同組織之間其轉(zhuǎn)錄水平差異較大。在腦中LycIL-10 mRNA的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平最低,在肌肉和脾臟中轉(zhuǎn)錄水平較高,分別為腦中的83.5和148.7倍,在鰓、肝臟、血液和小腸等組織中LycIL-10 mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平分別為腦中的11.9、11.3、11.1和10.1倍,在腎臟、心臟和皮膚中分別為腦中的3.5、3.7和5.8倍(圖5)。

      3.3 大黃魚IL-10基因的誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)分析

      經(jīng)過滅活三聯(lián)滅活細(xì)菌疫苗和poly(I∶C)刺激后,LycIL-10 mRNA的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平在大黃魚脾臟和頭腎中均有顯著上調(diào)(圖6)。三聯(lián)滅活細(xì)菌疫苗刺激后,脾臟和頭腎的LycIL-10 mRNA的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平在刺激后6 h顯著上調(diào),脾臟在刺激后12 h達(dá)到最高,為0 h的69.3倍,頭腎中則在24 h達(dá)到最高,為0 h的62.9倍。在poly(I∶C)刺激后,大黃魚脾臟和頭腎的LycIL-10 mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平也在刺激后6 h顯著上調(diào),脾臟中LycIL-10 mRNA的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平在刺激后48 h達(dá)到最高,頭腎在刺激后24 h達(dá)到最高,分別為0 h的25.0和25.5倍。

      4 討論

      IL-10作為一種重要的抗炎因子,在高等哺乳動物、鳥類、兩棲類和魚類已經(jīng)被廣泛研究,而有關(guān)大黃魚IL-10基因的研究目前尚未見報道。本文根據(jù)大黃魚基因組數(shù)據(jù)得到了LycIL-10基因的cDNA序列及基因組DNA序列,經(jīng)PCR擴(kuò)增后測序結(jié)果與基因組數(shù)據(jù)中結(jié)果一致。經(jīng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)LycIL-10基因由5個外顯子和4個內(nèi)含子構(gòu)成,這與哺乳動物以及已知魚類如紅鰭東方鲀、虹鱒、斑馬魚、鯉魚以及大西洋鱈魚的基因組結(jié)構(gòu)一致,并且各個外顯子長度比較保守,而各個內(nèi)含子長度差異比較大,一般而言小鼠和人等哺乳動物的IL-10基因內(nèi)含子比較長,魚類的IL-10基因內(nèi)含子較哺乳動物短,而在魚類中虹鱒IL-10基因的內(nèi)含子長度與哺乳動物比較相似[29—31,33,35]。LycIL-10基因ORF序列全長555 bp,推測其編碼184個氨基酸,經(jīng)SignalP在線預(yù)測其N端22個氨基酸殘基為信號肽序列,糖基化位點在線預(yù)測顯示其146位的天冬酰胺是一個潛在N糖基化位點。小鼠和虹鱒的IL-10均含一個預(yù)測的糖基化位點,紅鰭東方鲀IL-10則有2個預(yù)測的糖基化位點,研究表明原核大腸桿菌表達(dá)的重組小鼠IL-10具備所有小鼠IL-10的生物學(xué)功能,這說明糖基化位點可能對IL-10發(fā)揮其生物學(xué)功能不是必需的[1,5]。多序列比對發(fā)現(xiàn)LycIL-10包含了在脊椎動物中保守的4個半胱氨酸(Cys-30,Cys-80,Cys-130,Cys-136),和兩個魚類中保守的半胱氨酸(Cys-26,Cys-31),目前還沒有研究表明這兩個半胱氨酸對魚類IL-10結(jié)構(gòu)和功能方面的作用。LycIL-10具有IL-10家族的特征序列“G-X2-KA-X2-[D,E]-X-D[ILV]-[FLY]-[FILMV]-X2-[ILMV][EKQR]”,這一段序列在所有脊椎動物的IL-10中都是保守的。LycIL-10基因編碼的氨基酸序列與人IL-10的氨基酸序列的一致性為27.57%,與其他已知的哺乳動物和鳥類以及兩棲類IL-10的氨基酸序列的一致性為26.49%~29.41%,與已知的其他魚類的IL-10氨基酸序列有較高的一致性,為43.78%~77.01%,系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹結(jié)果與此結(jié)果一致。

      Real-time PCR檢測結(jié)果顯示,LycIL-10 mRNA在脾臟中轉(zhuǎn)錄水平最高,在肌肉中次之,在鰓、小腸、肝臟和血液中的表達(dá)為中等,在皮膚、心臟、腎臟和腦中的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平均較低。在金魚中,IL-10 mRNA的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平也是在脾臟中最高,這可能是因為在魚類中脾臟是一個主要的免疫器官,富含T細(xì)胞較多,而IL-10對于T細(xì)胞分化有重要作用[36]。鰓和小腸中IL-10 mRNA的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平中等,可能是由于它們都是魚類重要的粘膜免疫器官,其組織微環(huán)境波動較大,IL-10可能對于維持這兩個組織的免疫穩(wěn)態(tài)有重要作用[49]。在斑馬魚和虹鱒中,IL-10 mRNA則是在腎臟中的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平最高在肌肉中轉(zhuǎn)錄水平較低,而在大黃魚中LycIL-10 mRNA在腎臟中的相對轉(zhuǎn)錄水平較低而在肌肉中轉(zhuǎn)錄水平較高,魚類的腎臟在魚類免疫方面發(fā)揮重要作用,但是LycIL-10 mRNA在腎臟的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平并不高,這一結(jié)果可能與魚自身的一些生理特征和所處環(huán)境有關(guān)[31,33]。

      IL-10是一個有效的抗炎因子,可以有效抑制炎癥反應(yīng),避免由于獲得性免疫過強(qiáng)而引起的組織損傷,主要在炎癥反應(yīng)中后期發(fā)揮作用[50]。副溶血弧菌、溶藻弧菌、嗜水汽單胞菌均為大黃魚致病菌,這3種細(xì)菌經(jīng)過滅活后制備的三聯(lián)滅活細(xì)菌疫苗可以誘導(dǎo)大黃魚產(chǎn)生類似細(xì)菌引起的炎癥反應(yīng)[48]。Poly(I∶C)為雙鏈RNA類似物,與雙鏈RNA病毒相似,可以誘導(dǎo)大黃魚產(chǎn)生類似病毒引起的炎癥反應(yīng)[51]。脾臟和頭腎均為大黃魚重要的免疫器官,在先天性免疫和獲得性免疫方面均發(fā)揮重要作用。大黃魚脾臟和頭腎中LycIL-10 mRNA的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平在受到三聯(lián)滅活疫苗刺激后分別在12 h和24 h達(dá)到最高,在受到poly(I∶C)刺激后分別在48 h和24 h達(dá)到最高。大黃魚在受到細(xì)菌或者poly(I∶C)刺激后在6 h、12 h一些炎癥早期的細(xì)胞因子如IL-1β和IL-17的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平即達(dá)到最高[43,45]。而LycIL-10 mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平則在受到免疫刺激后24 h、48 h達(dá)到最大,表明其可能在免疫刺激晚期發(fā)揮抑制炎癥反應(yīng)的作用,這與IL-10在人和哺乳動物里的研究結(jié)果一致[50]。在斑馬魚和虹鱒中,經(jīng)LPS刺激后其IL-10 mRNA的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平在頭腎中亦均上升,大西洋鱈魚經(jīng)過poly(I∶C)刺激后,其頭腎中IL-10 mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平顯著升高,這些結(jié)果與我們的實驗結(jié)果一致,說明魚類IL-10可能在抑制細(xì)菌和病毒引起的炎癥反應(yīng)中發(fā)揮一定作用[35,37,40]。另外分析發(fā)現(xiàn)三聯(lián)滅活細(xì)菌疫苗刺激后大黃魚脾臟和頭腎的LycIL-10 mRNA的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平上調(diào)倍數(shù)均高于poly(I∶C)刺激后LycIL-10 mRNA的上調(diào)倍數(shù)。說明LycIL-10可能在抗細(xì)菌引起的炎癥反應(yīng)方面發(fā)揮更重要的作用。

      5 結(jié)論

      本文首次報道了LycIL-10基因,分析了LycIL-10基因的序列特征,并通過多序列比對以及進(jìn)化分析闡明了LycIL-10氨基酸序列的基本結(jié)構(gòu)特點。本文研究了LycIL-10 mRNA在各個健康組織中的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平。首次闡明了大黃魚受免疫刺激后LycIL-10 mRNA的表達(dá)特征,結(jié)果表明LycIL-10可能在在抗細(xì)菌引起的炎癥反應(yīng)中起著重要作用。本研究為進(jìn)一步了解LycIL-10的特征及功能奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

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      Cloning and expression analysis of large yellow croaker (Larimichthysrocea) IL-10 gene

      Zheng Weibing1, Mu Pengfei2, Ding Lianshuai1, Yang Sisi1, Ao Jingqun1,Ai Chunxiang2, Chen Xinhua1

      (1.KeyLaboratoryofMarineBiogeneticResources,ThirdInstituteofOceanography,StateOceanicAdministration,Xiamen361005,China; 2.CollegeofOceanandEarthSciences,XiamenUniversity,Xiamen361005,China)

      Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a central anti-inflammatory cytokine that demonstrates immunosuppressive function. In this research, an interleukin-10 (IL-10) homologue has been identified by analyzed the genomic data of large yellow croaker (Larimichthyscrocea). Subsequently, the open reading frame (ORF) of cDNA and the genomic DNA sequences have been cloned and analyzed. The genomic DNA of large yellow croaker IL-10(LycIL-10) consisted of 1 869 bp that contains five exons and four introns, sharing the same organization with mammalian IL-10 genes. The open reading frame of LycIL-10 consisted 555 bp that give a predicted 184 amino acid IL-10 molecule. It contains a predicted signal peptide of 22 amino acids in the N-terminal and a mature peptide of 162 amino acids, which contained the vertebrate IL-10 family signature. The LycIL-10 exhibits a conserved IL-10 motif signature and shares 26.49%-77.01% amino acid sequence identity with other known IL-10. Real-time PCR analysis showed that LycIL-10 was constitutively expressed in all tissues tested, especially in spleen and muscle. The LycIL-10 mRNA transcription level could significantly increase in the spleen and head kidney of large yellow croaker after trivalent inactivated vaccines or poly(I∶C) stimulated, indicating that LycIL-10 may be involved in suppressing the inflammatory induced by bacterium or virus in the large yellow croaker.

      large yellow croaker; interleukin-10; molecule cloning; real-time PCR; expression analysis

      10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2017.04.005

      2016-07-01;

      2016-07-31。

      國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(31001131 ,31372556);廈門南方海洋研究中心資助項目(13GZP002NF08,14CZP049SF02)。

      鄭維兵(1976—),男,福建省寧德市人,高級技術(shù)員,研究方向為水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖。E-mail:wbzhen@tio.ory.cn

      *通信作者:陳新華(1968—),男,湖北省武漢市人,研究員,研究方向為魚類分子免疫學(xué)。E-mail:chenxinhua@tio.org.cn

      S917.4

      A

      0253-4193(2017)04-0050-11

      鄭維兵,慕鵬飛,丁連帥,等. 大黃魚(Larimichthyscrocea)IL-10基因的克隆與表達(dá)分析[J].海洋學(xué)報,2017,39(4):50—60,

      Zheng Weibing, Mu Pengfei, Ding Lianshuai, et al. Cloning and expression analysis of large yellow croaker (Larimichthysrocea) IL-10 gene[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2017,39(4):50—60, doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2017.04.005

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