神經(jīng)肽S受體1基因多態(tài)性與炎癥性腸病相關(guān)性的研究*
劉適#王曉兵周峰吳婷周瑞劉靜夏冰&
武漢大學(xué)中南醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科(430071)
*基金項(xiàng)目:教育部高等學(xué)校博士學(xué)科點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)科研基金(優(yōu)先發(fā)展領(lǐng)域)(20130141130007)
#Email: sancyliu198652@sina.com
背景:研究表明神經(jīng)肽S受體1(NPSR1)基因多態(tài)性與歐洲人群炎癥性腸病(IBD)的遺傳易感性相關(guān),但尚無研究探討兩者在中國人群中的相關(guān)性。目的:探討中國漢族人群中NPSR1基因多態(tài)性與IBD的關(guān)系。方法:收集武漢大學(xué)中南醫(yī)院457例確診IBD患者[潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎(UC)組355例,克羅恩病(CD)組102例]和500名健康對照者,以PCR和測序技術(shù)分析NPSR1基因rs323922(C→G突變)、rs740347(G→C突變)位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性。結(jié)果:UC組與對照組間、CD組與對照組間rs323922、rs740347位點(diǎn)的基因型頻率和等位基因頻率差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)?;蛐团cIBD臨床表型的相關(guān)性分析顯示:①rs323922位點(diǎn)突變型CG基因型與男性CD(OR: 0.441, 95% CI: 0.230~0.844)和結(jié)腸型CD(OR: 0.425, 95% CI: 0.199~0.911)相關(guān),為保護(hù)因素。②rs740347位點(diǎn)突變型CC基因型與CD早期發(fā)病(<16歲)相關(guān)(OR: 15.019, 95% CI: 2.634~86.470),突變型C等位基因與結(jié)腸型CD相關(guān)(OR: 2.142, 95% CI: 1.709~4.294),兩者均為危險(xiǎn)因素。結(jié)論:NPSR1基因rs323922、rs740347位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與中國漢族人群的IBD遺傳易感性無關(guān),但與IBD的某些臨床表型有關(guān)。
關(guān)鍵詞炎癥性腸??;神經(jīng)肽S受體1;多態(tài)性,單核苷酸;疾病遺傳易感性;中國
炎癥性腸病(inflammatory bowel disease, IBD)是一組病因尚不十分清楚的慢性非特異性腸道炎癥性疾病,包括潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎(ulcerative colitis, UC)和克羅恩病(Crohn’s disease, CD),目前觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為遺傳易感性為IBD致病因素之一[1-2]。21世紀(jì)初,Laitinen等[3-4]通過對芬蘭一個(gè)奠基者種群行全基因組掃描,發(fā)現(xiàn)染色體7p14-p15區(qū)域存在與哮喘和高血清IgE相關(guān)的易感位點(diǎn),鑒定顯示該基因編碼一孤兒G蛋白耦聯(lián)受體[哮喘易感性G蛋白耦聯(lián)受體(GPRA)],即神經(jīng)肽S受體1(neuropeptide S receptor 1, NPSR1)。之后國內(nèi)外多項(xiàng)遺傳學(xué)研究顯示NPSR1基因多態(tài)性與免疫相關(guān)疾病,如支氣管哮喘、類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎等的遺傳易感性有關(guān)[4-10],對意大利、瑞典、芬蘭等歐洲人群的研究表明NPSR1基因多態(tài)性與IBD遺傳易感性亦有關(guān)聯(lián)[11-12],但尚無研究探討兩者在中國人群中的相關(guān)性。本研究通過分析中國漢族人群的NPSR1基因多態(tài)性分布情況,旨在明確該基因多態(tài)性與中國漢族人群IBD的關(guān)系,為闡明IBD的發(fā)病機(jī)制提供依據(jù)。
材料與方法
收集2009年1月-2012年9月在武漢大學(xué)中南醫(yī)院就診的IBD患者457例,UC組355例,男189例,女166例,平均發(fā)病年齡(39.8±15.3)歲;CD組102例,男61例,女41例,平均發(fā)病年齡(30.5±13.5)歲。入組患者均經(jīng)臨床表現(xiàn)以及實(shí)驗(yàn)室、影像學(xué)、內(nèi)鏡和組織學(xué)檢查綜合診斷,符合“對我國炎癥性腸病診斷治療規(guī)范的共識(shí)意見(2007年,濟(jì)南)”[13]中的相關(guān)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。收集同期于中南醫(yī)院行健康體檢并排除IBD以及其他免疫相關(guān)疾病和家族史的健康人500名作為對照組,其中男281名,女219名,平均年齡(41.9±12.9)歲。病例組和對照組所有個(gè)體均為漢族。UC組與CD組發(fā)病年齡差異顯著,與流行病學(xué)調(diào)查中兩者發(fā)病年齡高峰的整體趨勢相一致[14]。
受檢者采集靜脈血5 mL,EDTA抗凝,以血液基因組DNA提取試劑盒[天根生化科技(北京)有限公司]提取全基因組DNA。
本研究針對rs323922(C→G突變)、rs740347(G→C突變)兩個(gè)單核苷酸多態(tài)性(SNP)位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析。
1. PCR擴(kuò)增目的片段:以Primer Premier 5.0軟件 設(shè)計(jì)rs323922、rs740347位點(diǎn)的PCR引物。rs323922: F 5’-TCC ACC ATC TTG CCT GTG AG-3’,R 5’-CAG GAC CAA GTT GTG GTA GCT GTA TT-3’;rs740347:F 5’-ACA ATA ATG AAG ACT CAA TTT CAG C-3’,R 5’-AGC AGG CAA GAA GAG GAG T-3’。PCR反應(yīng)體系:2×PCR Mix(北京東勝創(chuàng)新生物科技有限公司)12.5 μL,上、下游引物各1 μL,DNA模板2 μL,超純水8.5 μL。反應(yīng)條件:95 ℃預(yù)變性10 min;95 ℃變性30 s,60 ℃復(fù)性30 s,72 ℃延伸40 s,循環(huán)35次;終末72 ℃ 10 min。
2. 測序:由武漢擎科創(chuàng)新生物科技有限公司對PCR擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行測序,Chromas基因測序峰圖查看軟件分析結(jié)果,并錄入Excel軟件。
四、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
應(yīng)用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,組間基因型頻率和等位基因頻率的比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)和Fisher確切概率法,并計(jì)算OR值及其95% CI,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)意義。
結(jié)果
對病例組和對照組rs323922、rs740347位點(diǎn)行Hardy-Weinberg平衡檢驗(yàn),P值均大于0.05,表明各基因型頻率達(dá)到遺傳平衡,具有群體代表性。
UC組與對照組間、CD組與對照組間rs323922、rs740347位點(diǎn)的基因型頻率和等位基因頻率差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(表1、表2)。
分別對UC組、CD組rs323922、rs740347位點(diǎn)基因型與性別、發(fā)病年齡、病變部位、并發(fā)癥(如狹窄、穿孔、肛周病變等)等臨床參數(shù)的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行分析,得出以下結(jié)論。其余納入分析的臨床參數(shù)與所檢測位點(diǎn)基因型無相關(guān)性。
①在男性CD患者中,rs323922位點(diǎn)突變型CG基因型頻率與對照組相比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì) 學(xué)意義,CG突變?yōu)槟行訡D的保護(hù)因素(表3)。
②在病變累及結(jié)腸的CD患者中,rs323922位點(diǎn)突變型CG基因型頻率與對照組相比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,CG突變?yōu)榻Y(jié)腸型CD的保護(hù)因素(表3)。
③在早期發(fā)病(<16歲)CD患者中,rs740347位點(diǎn)突變型CC基因型頻率與對照組相比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì) 學(xué)意義,CC突變?yōu)镃D早期發(fā)病的危險(xiǎn)因素(表4)。
④在病變累及結(jié)腸的CD患者中,rs740347位點(diǎn)突變型C等位基因頻率與對照組相比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,C等位基因?yàn)榻Y(jié)腸型CD的危險(xiǎn)因素(表4)。
表1 UC組與對照組間rs323922、rs740347位點(diǎn)基因型和等位基因頻率比較 n(%)
表2 CD組與對照組間rs323922、rs740347位點(diǎn)基因型和等位基因頻率比較 n(%)
表3 CD患者rs323922位點(diǎn)基因型與臨床表型相關(guān)性分析
表4 CD患者rs740347位點(diǎn)基因型與臨床表型相關(guān)性分析
討論
神經(jīng)肽S(neuropeptide S, NPS)是一種20氨基小肽,因氨基端殘基均為絲氨酸(S)而得名,通過與其受體NPSR1結(jié)合,發(fā)揮調(diào)節(jié)睡眠和覺醒、抗焦慮、減少驚恐發(fā)作、影響攝食行為、調(diào)節(jié)免疫應(yīng)答、炎癥反應(yīng)、變態(tài)反應(yīng)和傷害性感受等作用[15-17]。NPSR1又名GPRA、血管加壓素受體相關(guān)受體-1(VRR1)或GPR154,是一種七次跨膜G蛋白耦聯(lián)受體,NPSR1-A和NPSR1-B為其最重要的2個(gè)亞型[11,18-19]。研究表明NPSR1廣泛分布于人體呼吸系統(tǒng)、消化系統(tǒng)、上皮組織以及肝、脾、淋巴結(jié)等免疫器官,外周血單核細(xì)胞表面亦有NPSR1表達(dá)[20]。目前觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為NPS-NPSR1信號(hào)與哮喘、類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎、IBD等免疫相關(guān)疾病有密切聯(lián)系。動(dòng)物和細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示,炎癥狀態(tài)下,食管、胃、小腸、結(jié)腸上皮內(nèi)NPSR1表達(dá)升高,提示其與胃腸道炎癥反應(yīng)有關(guān)[21];對IBD患者腸組織標(biāo)本的檢測顯示NPSR1 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)顯著上調(diào)[11]。NPS-NPSR1信號(hào)可能系通過上調(diào)環(huán)磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、蛋白激酶A(PKA)表達(dá)和胞內(nèi)Ca2+濃度,介導(dǎo)相關(guān)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo),參與IBD發(fā)病[19]。此外,NPS-NPSR1信號(hào)還可上調(diào)多種胃腸激素表達(dá),如膽囊收縮素、血管活性腸肽、生長抑素等,引起相應(yīng)臨床癥狀[22-23]。
關(guān)于NPSR1基因多態(tài)性的研究顯示,rs323922、rs740347位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎以及過敏癥狀的發(fā)生相關(guān)[8,24],鑒于免疫相關(guān)疾病通常具有共同的SNP位點(diǎn),意大利、瑞典、芬蘭等歐洲國家已開展針對這兩個(gè)位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與IBD遺傳易感性關(guān)系的研究[11],但迄今尚無關(guān)于NPSR1基因多態(tài)性與中國人群IBD遺傳易感性關(guān)系的研究報(bào)道。本研究檢測了中國漢族人群的NPSR1基因rs323922、rs740347位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性,盡管歐洲研究發(fā)現(xiàn)rs323922位點(diǎn)與CD顯著相關(guān)[11],但本研究結(jié)果顯示UC組與對照組間、CD組與對照組間兩位點(diǎn)基因型頻率和等位基因頻率差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,表明兩者與IBD并無關(guān)聯(lián)。然而,本研究同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)rs323922位點(diǎn)突變型CG基因型與男性CD和結(jié)腸型CD相關(guān),為兩者的保護(hù)因素;rs740347位點(diǎn)突變型CC基因型與CD早期發(fā)病相關(guān),突變型C等位基因與結(jié)腸型CD相關(guān),兩者均為危險(xiǎn)因素。
盡管本研究對入組IBD患者的疾病活動(dòng)度進(jìn)行了評估,但該參數(shù)系隨病情不斷變化,難以按某一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確定惟一數(shù)值,因此未能對SNP位點(diǎn)與疾病活動(dòng)度的關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析。此外,本研究樣本量和時(shí)間跨度均較大,期間患者使用氨基水楊酸制劑、免疫抑制劑、生物制劑等多種方法進(jìn)行治療,治療方案根據(jù)病情變化隨時(shí)調(diào)整,因此亦未能對SNP位點(diǎn)與藥物療效進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析。
IBD的遺傳易感性有明顯的種族差異,在東西方人群之間尤為顯著[2],本研究結(jié)果與針對歐洲人群研究結(jié)果間的差異再次證實(shí)了此種種族差異的存在。盡管本研究未發(fā)現(xiàn)NPSR1 基因rs323922、rs740347位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與中國漢族人群的IBD遺傳易感性之間存在相關(guān)性,但觀察到部分突變與IBD的某些臨床表型有關(guān),因此尚不能排除NPSR1基因多態(tài)性與中國漢族人群IBD發(fā)病相關(guān)。后續(xù)擬進(jìn)一步探索其他NPSR1基因SNP位點(diǎn)與IBD的關(guān)系,以明確該基因是否為中國漢族人群IBD的易感基因。
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(2014-12-16收稿;2015-01-08修回)
Association of Neuropeptide S Receptor 1 Gene Polymorphisms with Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseLIUShi,WANGXiaobing,ZHOUFeng,WUTing,ZHOURui,LIUJing,XIABing.DepartmentofGastroenterology,ZhongnanHospitalofWuhanUniversity,Wuhan(430071)
Correspondence to: XIA Bing, Email: bingxia@aliyun.com
Background: Studies showed that neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) gene polymorphisms were associated with the susceptibility of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Europe’s populations, however, there is no study on the relevance in Chinese population. Aims: To investigate the association of NPSR1 gene polymorphisms with IBD in Chinese Han population. Methods: A total of 457 IBD patients [355 cases of ulcerative colitis (UC) and 102 cases of Crohn’s disease (CD)] from Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and 500 healthy controls were recruited. Genotyping of 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NPSR1, rs323922 (C→G mutation) and rs740347 (G→C mutation) was performed by using PCR and sequencing techniques. Results: Differences of the frequencies of genotypes and alleles for rs323922 and rs740347 between UC, CD patients and controls didn’t reach statistical significance (P>0.05). Genotype-phenotype analysis showed that there were some impact of genotypes for rs323922 and rs740347 on clinical phenotypes of IBD: (i) For rs323922, mutant CG genotype was correlated with male CD patients (OR: 0.441, 95% CI: 0.230-0.844) and CD involving the colon (OR: 0.425, 95% CI: 0.199-0.911), and might be a protective factor. (ii) For rs740347, mutant CC genotype was correlated with early onset CD patients (<16 years old) (OR: 15.019, 95% CI: 2.634-86.470) and mutant C allele was correlated with CD involving the colon (OR: 2.142, 95% CI: 1.709-4.294), both were risk factors. Conclusions: Polymorphisms of NPSR1 rs323922 and rs740347 are not contributors of IBD susceptibility in Chinese Han population, but might be correlated with some clinical phenotypes of IBD.
Key wordsInflammatory Bowel Disease;Neuropeptide S Receptor 1;Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide;Genetic Predisposition to Disease;China
通信作者&本文,Email: bingxia@aliyun.com
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-7125.2015.04.003