勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)對(duì)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展差距的影響研究

王淑娟+王笳旭+李豫新

2.中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) 中國(guó)農(nóng)村政策研究中心，北京 100083）

摘 要：勞動(dòng)力跨區(qū)域流動(dòng)對(duì)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)差距的影響一直是學(xué)術(shù)界爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn)之一。新疆區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)差距突出表現(xiàn)在北疆和南疆內(nèi)部差距過大，這成為制約新疆經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的主要障礙。本文引入新古典增長(zhǎng)模型對(duì)比分析了勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)對(duì)新疆區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)差距的影響，結(jié)果顯示，考慮勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)因素后的模型顯著性較不考慮勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)因素的模型顯著性得到明顯提升，勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)抑制了新疆區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)差距的擴(kuò)大趨勢(shì)，但是新疆勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)對(duì)不同經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)效應(yīng)存在差異，對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)較發(fā)達(dá)的北疆地區(qū)差距縮小有正向效應(yīng)，而對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)欠發(fā)達(dá)的南疆地區(qū)差距縮小有負(fù)向效應(yīng)。對(duì)此，協(xié)調(diào)新疆區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展應(yīng)重視勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)的作用，破除限制勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)的障礙，注重對(duì)不同區(qū)域流動(dòng)勞動(dòng)力人口實(shí)施差別性治理政策。

關(guān)鍵詞：勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng);區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)差距;條件收斂;新疆

中圖分類號(hào)：F323.6 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1000-4149（2015）01-0072-09

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2015.01.007

收稿日期：2014-06-17;修訂日期：2014-09-03

基金項(xiàng)目：國(guó)家社會(huì)科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目“區(qū)域公平與新疆跨越式發(fā)展”（12AZD057）。

作者簡(jiǎn)介：王淑娟，石河子大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理學(xué)院碩士研究生;王笳旭，中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)中國(guó)農(nóng)村政策研究中心博士研究生;李豫新，石河子大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理學(xué)院教授，博士生導(dǎo)師。

A Research on the Effect of Labor Mobility on Regional Economic

Development Gap：Evidences from Xinjiang

WANG Shujuan1，WANG Jiaxu2，LI Yuxin1

（1.School of Economics and Management， Shihezi University， ?Urumqi 832000， China;

2.China Rural Research Center，China Agricultural University， Beijing 100083，China）

Abstract：The effect of labor crossregional mobility on the regional economic gap has been one of the focus of academic debate. The most prominent character of regional economic disparity of Xinjiang is the internal gaps of northern Xinjiang and southern Xinjiang，and this become the key obstacle to the stable development of society and economy，in Xinjiang. This article contrasts and analysis the impact of labor mobility on the regional economic disparity in Xinjiang by introducing the neoclassical growth model. The results show that the significant improved significantly after taking labor factor model of labor mobility into consideration. The labor mobility suppresses the expending trend of regional economic gap. But the effect of labor mobility on regions economic growth in Xinjiang is different for different part of Xinjiang， it performed positive and negative effect on the regional gap of northern Xinjiang and southern Xinjiang respectively. So we should attach the importance of labor mobility to coordinate regional economic development in Xinjiang. Break the barriers of restrict the labor mobility and pay attention to make different labor mobility strategy in different regions of Xinjiang.

Keywords：labor mobility; regional economic disparity; conditional convergence; Xinjiang

《人口與經(jīng)濟(jì)》2015年第1期

王淑娟，等：勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)對(duì)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展差距的影響研究

一、引言

勞動(dòng)力大規(guī)模、跨區(qū)域流動(dòng)是我國(guó)改革開放以來人口空間動(dòng)態(tài)演變的突出特點(diǎn)之一。新古典經(jīng)濟(jì)理論認(rèn)為勞動(dòng)力在區(qū)域間的流動(dòng)改變了生產(chǎn)要素的空間配置狀態(tài)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了人力資本、物質(zhì)資本等生產(chǎn)要素的跨區(qū)域流動(dòng)，對(duì)協(xié)調(diào)區(qū)域間經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展具有重要作用。但是，伴隨著我國(guó)流動(dòng)人口規(guī)模的不斷增大，我國(guó)區(qū)域間經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展差距也呈現(xiàn)出持續(xù)擴(kuò)大的態(tài)勢(shì)，勞動(dòng)力從貧窮地區(qū)向富裕地區(qū)的流動(dòng)并沒有使我國(guó)區(qū)域間經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展差距出現(xiàn)理論上預(yù)期的縮小結(jié)果。勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)真的能縮小區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展差距嗎？如果能，那又如何解釋現(xiàn)實(shí)與理論的悖論？