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      在線固相萃取高效液相色譜聯(lián)用測(cè)定動(dòng)物源食品中的維生素A、E

      2014-09-26 21:24:29謝云峰王浩劉彤任丹丹楊永壇
      分析化學(xué) 2014年9期
      關(guān)鍵詞:維生素E

      謝云峰 王浩 劉彤 任丹丹 楊永壇

      摘要[SS]采用固相萃取與雙梯度高效液相色譜聯(lián)用技術(shù),建立了一種在線固相萃取高效液相色譜同時(shí)測(cè)定動(dòng)物源食品中維生素A、E的分析方法。樣品于80 ℃下皂化反應(yīng)30 min,經(jīng)離心沉淀后引入一維C8固相萃取柱,采用60% (V/V)甲醇溶液對(duì)目標(biāo)物進(jìn)行在線富集凈化,然后通過閥切換將其轉(zhuǎn)移至二維液相分析系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行分離檢測(cè)??疾炝溯腿√盍?、上樣溶劑及洗脫條件對(duì)豬肝、雞蛋和配方乳粉的維生素A、E富集和基質(zhì)凈化效果。結(jié)果表明,在優(yōu)化條件下,方法線性范圍為0.02~20 mg/L,線性相關(guān)系數(shù)R2≥0.9998,對(duì)維生素A、E的檢出限(S/N=3)為3.0~30.0 μg/L,實(shí)際樣品加標(biāo)回收率為87.3%~115.0%,相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差(RSD)為1.8%~.6%。本方法操作簡(jiǎn)便,靈敏度高,可用于動(dòng)物源食品中維生素A、E的快速測(cè)定。

      關(guān)鍵詞[SS]在線固相萃??;雙梯度高效液相色譜;動(dòng)物源食品;維生素A; 維生素E

      1引言

      維生素A和維生素E是機(jī)體維持正常生理功能和物質(zhì)能量代謝必需的微量營養(yǎng)成分,但是它們?cè)隗w內(nèi)不能合成或合成量不足以滿足身體需要,必須通過食物進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充\[1\]。肝臟、蛋類和乳品等動(dòng)物源食品含有豐富的維生素A、E,是人體所需脂溶性維生素的重要來源。由于脂溶性維生素化學(xué)性質(zhì)不穩(wěn)定,易受光照、空氣和溫度影響導(dǎo)致氧化分解\[2\],而且動(dòng)物源食品蛋白脂肪含量高,干擾因素多,高效提取和測(cè)定復(fù)雜基質(zhì)食品中維生素A、E仍然是維生素分析技術(shù)的難點(diǎn)\[3,\]。目前,維生素A和維生素E的分析方法主要有層析法\[5\]、比色法\[6\]、熒光法\[7\]、電化學(xué)法\[8\]、氣相色譜法\[9\]和高效液相色譜法\[10\],其中以高效液相色譜法最為常用。現(xiàn)行食品檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在內(nèi)的大多數(shù)脂溶性維生素分析方法的樣品前處理主要包括皂化、萃取、濃縮、凈化等步驟\[11,12\],涉及多次蒸發(fā)溶解,操作繁瑣、費(fèi)時(shí),容易造成待測(cè)組分損失,導(dǎo)致測(cè)定結(jié)果偏低且重現(xiàn)性不好。近年來,前處理技術(shù)與色譜分離分析的在線聯(lián)用為簡(jiǎn)化繁瑣的手工前處理操作,提高復(fù)雜食品基質(zhì)分析效率提供了新的技術(shù)手段\[13,1\]。

      本研究利用雙梯度液相色譜系統(tǒng)結(jié)合柱切換技術(shù),建立了一種同時(shí)測(cè)定動(dòng)物源食品中維生素A、E的在線固相萃取與高效液相色譜聯(lián)用方法,具有分析效率高、溶劑消耗少、測(cè)定結(jié)果準(zhǔn)確且重現(xiàn)性好等特點(diǎn)。與文獻(xiàn)\[15\]相比,本方法不僅擴(kuò)大了動(dòng)物源食品檢測(cè)種類,而且縮短了分析時(shí)間,提高了檢測(cè)靈敏度,為動(dòng)物源食品中維生素A、E的測(cè)定提供了更為簡(jiǎn)便、靈敏、可靠的分析方法。

      2實(shí)驗(yàn)部分

      2.1儀器與試劑

      Ultimate 3000雙三元液相色譜系統(tǒng)(hermo Scientific公司),配備雙三元梯度泵、自動(dòng)進(jìn)樣器、柱溫箱含六通閥、二極管陣列檢測(cè)器、變色龍色譜管理軟件;MilliQ超純水機(jī)(Millipore公司);臺(tái)式高速冷凍離心機(jī)(hermo Scientific公司)。

      維生素A(視黃醇)、α維生素E、β維生素E、γ維生素E和δ維生素E標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品(Sigma公司);KO、抗壞血酸(分析純,國藥集團(tuán)北京化學(xué)試劑有限公司);無水乙醇、甲醇(色譜級(jí),isher 公司);其它試劑均為分析純;無水乙醇經(jīng)脫醛處理后使用;豬肝、雞蛋和嬰幼兒配方乳粉購自本地超市。

      2.2色譜條件

      分析柱:Zorbax ExtendC18(150 mm × .6 mm,5 μm);固相萃取柱:Zorbax SBC8(12.5 mm × .6 mm,5 μm);進(jìn)樣量:100 μL;柱溫:30 ℃;在線凈化流動(dòng)相:甲醇水溶液(60∶0,V/V),洗脫條件:使用p 7.5 甲醇水溶液,以1 mL/min流速上樣并清洗萃取小柱5 min,再使用p 3.5甲醇水溶液清洗萃取小柱5 min,分析測(cè)定。流動(dòng)相:甲醇水溶液(98∶2, V/V),流速:1.7 mL/min;紫外檢測(cè)波長設(shè)為325和300 nm。

      2.3標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液配制

      準(zhǔn)確稱取維生素A標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品10.0 mg,α維生素E、β維生素E、γ維生素E和δ維生素E各50.0 mg,用脫醛乙醇溶解并定容于100 mL 棕色容量瓶中,配制成濃度分別為100 mg/L 維生素A和500 mg/L α, β, γ和δ維生素E標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儲(chǔ)備液,于

      Symbolm@@ 20 ℃保存。測(cè)定前用紫外分光光度法標(biāo)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儲(chǔ)備液準(zhǔn)確濃度,再用脫醛乙醇稀釋標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儲(chǔ)備液,配制成濃度分別為0.2, 2.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0和20.0 mg/L維生素A, E混合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液。

      2.樣品預(yù)處理

      準(zhǔn)確稱取2.0~5.0 g(精確至0.01 g)樣品于50 mL離心管中,加入15 mL脫醛乙醇,5 mL 10%抗壞血酸水溶液和5 mL 50% KO溶液,充氮,搖勻。避光80 ℃水浴中加熱30 min,不時(shí)搖勻,使皂化完全。皂化后立即放入冰水浴中冷卻,加入5 mL乙酸調(diào)p至中性,轉(zhuǎn)移至50 mL容量瓶中定容。移取其中30 mL皂化液至離心管中,以10000 r/min離心10 min,取上清液,經(jīng)0.5 μm濾膜過濾后進(jìn)樣分析。

      3結(jié)果與討論

      3.1樣品提取條件的選擇

      動(dòng)物源性食品中的脂溶性維生素大多以酯類形式存在,對(duì)樣品進(jìn)行皂化可游離出維生素A、E,并排除共存類脂化合物的干擾\[16\]。對(duì)樣品皂化條件進(jìn)行了考察,比較了質(zhì)量濃度為30%、50%和70% KO溶液對(duì)豬肝、雞蛋和配方乳粉中維生素A、E的轉(zhuǎn)化效率,發(fā)現(xiàn)50%KO溶液可以滿足皂化需要。選擇50, 80和100 ℃考察了溫度對(duì)皂化的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)高溫有利于皂化反應(yīng)正向進(jìn)行。比較了抗壞血酸和焦性沒食子酸的抗氧化效果,發(fā)現(xiàn)抗壞血酸對(duì)維生素A的保護(hù)作用優(yōu)于焦性沒食子酸??紤]到不同樣品要求不同的皂化條件,最后選用50% KO溶液作為皂化劑,在80 ℃下皂化反應(yīng)30 min,以保證樣品皂化完全。此外,皂化后, 維生素A、E轉(zhuǎn)化為不穩(wěn)定的醇類,對(duì)光照和氧氣敏感,皂化過程應(yīng)全程避光,氮?dú)獗Wo(hù),以減少誤差。

      3.2在線固相萃取流路的構(gòu)建

      基于雙梯度泵液相色譜系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建的在線固相萃取流路如圖1所示:首先,來自萃取流路輸液泵(右泵)的流動(dòng)相將樣品從自動(dòng)進(jìn)樣器引入固相萃取小柱,通過選擇合適的洗脫條件清洗去除樣液中的無機(jī)鹽、蛋白質(zhì)、量脂肪酸和其它不皂化物等基質(zhì)成分, 并將待測(cè)的維生素A、E保留和富集在小柱上,待雜質(zhì)洗脫完畢后, 通過閥切換將固相萃取小柱與分析柱串聯(lián),來自分析流路輸液泵(左泵)的流動(dòng)相將維生素A、E從小柱轉(zhuǎn)移至分析柱,進(jìn)行分離,最后通過紫外檢測(cè)器進(jìn)行分析。整個(gè)過程主要包括上樣、轉(zhuǎn)移、分析和平衡四步,實(shí)現(xiàn)了樣品凈化、濃縮、分離、檢測(cè)的全自動(dòng)化。

      3.5色譜分析條件的優(yōu)化

      參照文獻(xiàn)\[17,18\]的色譜條件,選擇甲醇水(98∶2,V/V)為流動(dòng)相,維生素A和維生素E最大吸收波長325和300 nm為紫外檢測(cè)波長,以1.7 mL/min流速在25 cm的C18色譜柱上進(jìn)行維生素A、E的分析,整個(gè)過程需要5 min。本研究由于采用在線固相萃取方法凈化樣品,基本消除了基質(zhì)的干擾,使用15 cm色譜柱在20 min內(nèi)即可完成組脂溶性維生素組分(維生素A,α維生素E,(β+γ)維生素E和δ維生素E)的分析,色譜柱分離度和檢測(cè)靈敏度均能滿足實(shí)際樣品測(cè)定需要。

      3.6方法線性范圍、檢出限和精密度

      在優(yōu)化條件下,進(jìn)行方法學(xué)考察。分別取適量經(jīng)過濃度校準(zhǔn)的維生素A、E標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儲(chǔ)備液在棕色容量瓶中混合、稀釋、定容配制成系列混合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液,每種濃度進(jìn)樣100 μL,以峰面積對(duì)濃度作圖繪制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線,以3倍信噪比(S/N)計(jì)算檢出限(LOD), 結(jié)果見表1。各組分在線性范圍內(nèi)峰面積與濃度呈現(xiàn)良好的線性關(guān)系,相關(guān)系數(shù)大于0.9998。

      取10 mg/L維生素A、E混合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液連續(xù)進(jìn)樣6次,測(cè)得維生素保留時(shí)間的相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差(RSD)≤0.1%,峰面積的相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差(RSD)≤2.6%,表明方法精密度良好。

      3.7回收率和實(shí)際樣品測(cè)定

      分別稱取豬肝、配方乳粉和雞蛋 3種動(dòng)物源食品樣品各6份,其中3份用于本底值測(cè)定,另外3份加入一定濃度的維生素A、E混合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液,經(jīng)相同條件提取、在線固相萃取凈化后測(cè)定維生素A、E總量。計(jì)算得到豬肝、配方乳粉和雞蛋中維生素A、E的平均回收率在85.5%~11.1%,相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差(RSD)為1.8%~.6%。實(shí)際樣品色譜圖見圖,測(cè)定結(jié)果見表2。所建方法各項(xiàng)性能參數(shù)符合檢測(cè)要求。

      本研究利用在線固相萃取凈化技術(shù)結(jié)合高效液相色譜,建立了一種簡(jiǎn)便、快捷測(cè)定動(dòng)物源食品中維生素A、E的分析方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了復(fù)雜基質(zhì)樣品的萃取凈化與濃縮全程自動(dòng)化,顯著縮短了樣品處理時(shí)間,改善了測(cè)定結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性和重復(fù)性。

      References

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      1CEN Jing, LIU ZhaoJin, AN BaoChao, XU Qun, ZANG XiangMin. Chinese J. Anal. Chem., 2013, 1(6): 931-935

      陳 靜, 劉召金, 安寶超, 許 群, 張祥民. 分析化學(xué), 2013, 1(6): 931-935

      15ZANG Yanai, ZU XiaoYan, CAO GuoZhou, YANG XinLei, ZANG LiJuan, JIN Yan. Chinese J. Anal. Chem., 2013, 1(5): 771-775

      張艷海, 朱曉艷, 曹國洲, 楊新磊, 張麗娟, 金 燕. 分析化學(xué), 2013, 1(5): 771-775

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      董愛軍, 崔艷華, 楊 鑫. 分析測(cè)試學(xué)報(bào), 2011, 30(8): 887-891

      AbstractAn automated analytical method for simultaneous determination of vitamin A and E in livers, fortified infant formulae and eggs has been developed based on online solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with a dual gradient high performance liquid chromatography system with columnswitching. irstly, food samples were centrifuged after saponified in mixture solution of anhydrous alcohol, potassium hydroxide and ascorbic acid at 80 ℃ for 30 min. Secondly, the saponified sample was loaded and washed on the first dimension extraction column using methanolwater (60∶0, V/V). Afterwards, the targeted analytes were trapped and enriched on the SPE column. inally, the trapped analytes were transferred to the second dimension analysis column by valveswitching technique for the following separation and determination. Several key factors such as the type of SPE columns, elution buffer as well as p of washing solution were optimized. he results showed that the calibration curves of vitamin A and E were linear in the range of 0.02-20 mg/L with correlation coefficient (R2) more than 0.9998. In addition, the limits of detection (S/N=3) were found in the range of 3.0-30.0 μg/L. he spiked recoveries of the vitamin A and E from livers, eggs and fortified infant formulae ranged from 87.3% to 115.0% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.8%-.6%. he developed method is simple, sensitive and rapid to determine vitamins A and E in animal derived food.

      KeywordsOnline solidphase extraction (SPE); Dual gradient high performance liquid chromatography; Animal derived food; Vitamin A; Vitamin E

      13Niu Y M, Zhang J, Wu Y N, Shao B. J. Agric. ood. Chem., 2012, 60(2): 6116-6122

      1CEN Jing, LIU ZhaoJin, AN BaoChao, XU Qun, ZANG XiangMin. Chinese J. Anal. Chem., 2013, 1(6): 931-935

      陳 靜, 劉召金, 安寶超, 許 群, 張祥民. 分析化學(xué), 2013, 1(6): 931-935

      15ZANG Yanai, ZU XiaoYan, CAO GuoZhou, YANG XinLei, ZANG LiJuan, JIN Yan. Chinese J. Anal. Chem., 2013, 1(5): 771-775

      張艷海, 朱曉艷, 曹國洲, 楊新磊, 張麗娟, 金 燕. 分析化學(xué), 2013, 1(5): 771-775

      16Rizzolo A. J. Chromatogr., 1992, 62: 103-152

      17PinheiroSant′Ana M, Guinazia M, Oliveirab D S, Luciaa C M D, Reisa B L, Brando S C C. J. Chromatogr. A, 2011, 1218(7): 896- 8502

      18DONG AiJun, CUI Yanua, YANG Xin. Chinese J. Instrum. Anal., 2011, 30(8): 887-891

      董愛軍, 崔艷華, 楊 鑫. 分析測(cè)試學(xué)報(bào), 2011, 30(8): 887-891

      AbstractAn automated analytical method for simultaneous determination of vitamin A and E in livers, fortified infant formulae and eggs has been developed based on online solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with a dual gradient high performance liquid chromatography system with columnswitching. irstly, food samples were centrifuged after saponified in mixture solution of anhydrous alcohol, potassium hydroxide and ascorbic acid at 80 ℃ for 30 min. Secondly, the saponified sample was loaded and washed on the first dimension extraction column using methanolwater (60∶0, V/V). Afterwards, the targeted analytes were trapped and enriched on the SPE column. inally, the trapped analytes were transferred to the second dimension analysis column by valveswitching technique for the following separation and determination. Several key factors such as the type of SPE columns, elution buffer as well as p of washing solution were optimized. he results showed that the calibration curves of vitamin A and E were linear in the range of 0.02-20 mg/L with correlation coefficient (R2) more than 0.9998. In addition, the limits of detection (S/N=3) were found in the range of 3.0-30.0 μg/L. he spiked recoveries of the vitamin A and E from livers, eggs and fortified infant formulae ranged from 87.3% to 115.0% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.8%-.6%. he developed method is simple, sensitive and rapid to determine vitamins A and E in animal derived food.

      KeywordsOnline solidphase extraction (SPE); Dual gradient high performance liquid chromatography; Animal derived food; Vitamin A; Vitamin E

      13Niu Y M, Zhang J, Wu Y N, Shao B. J. Agric. ood. Chem., 2012, 60(2): 6116-6122

      1CEN Jing, LIU ZhaoJin, AN BaoChao, XU Qun, ZANG XiangMin. Chinese J. Anal. Chem., 2013, 1(6): 931-935

      陳 靜, 劉召金, 安寶超, 許 群, 張祥民. 分析化學(xué), 2013, 1(6): 931-935

      15ZANG Yanai, ZU XiaoYan, CAO GuoZhou, YANG XinLei, ZANG LiJuan, JIN Yan. Chinese J. Anal. Chem., 2013, 1(5): 771-775

      張艷海, 朱曉艷, 曹國洲, 楊新磊, 張麗娟, 金 燕. 分析化學(xué), 2013, 1(5): 771-775

      16Rizzolo A. J. Chromatogr., 1992, 62: 103-152

      17PinheiroSant′Ana M, Guinazia M, Oliveirab D S, Luciaa C M D, Reisa B L, Brando S C C. J. Chromatogr. A, 2011, 1218(7): 896- 8502

      18DONG AiJun, CUI Yanua, YANG Xin. Chinese J. Instrum. Anal., 2011, 30(8): 887-891

      董愛軍, 崔艷華, 楊 鑫. 分析測(cè)試學(xué)報(bào), 2011, 30(8): 887-891

      AbstractAn automated analytical method for simultaneous determination of vitamin A and E in livers, fortified infant formulae and eggs has been developed based on online solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with a dual gradient high performance liquid chromatography system with columnswitching. irstly, food samples were centrifuged after saponified in mixture solution of anhydrous alcohol, potassium hydroxide and ascorbic acid at 80 ℃ for 30 min. Secondly, the saponified sample was loaded and washed on the first dimension extraction column using methanolwater (60∶0, V/V). Afterwards, the targeted analytes were trapped and enriched on the SPE column. inally, the trapped analytes were transferred to the second dimension analysis column by valveswitching technique for the following separation and determination. Several key factors such as the type of SPE columns, elution buffer as well as p of washing solution were optimized. he results showed that the calibration curves of vitamin A and E were linear in the range of 0.02-20 mg/L with correlation coefficient (R2) more than 0.9998. In addition, the limits of detection (S/N=3) were found in the range of 3.0-30.0 μg/L. he spiked recoveries of the vitamin A and E from livers, eggs and fortified infant formulae ranged from 87.3% to 115.0% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.8%-.6%. he developed method is simple, sensitive and rapid to determine vitamins A and E in animal derived food.

      KeywordsOnline solidphase extraction (SPE); Dual gradient high performance liquid chromatography; Animal derived food; Vitamin A; Vitamin E

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