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      堿溶分光光度法測(cè)定植硅體碳含量

      2014-09-26 21:44:38楊杰李永夫黃張婷姜培坤
      分析化學(xué) 2014年9期
      關(guān)鍵詞:重鉻酸鉀光度法分光

      楊杰 李永夫 黃張婷 姜培坤

      1引言

      近年來,植硅體碳作為一種了解全球氣候變化潛力的穩(wěn)定型有機(jī)碳已被科學(xué)工作者廣泛研究\[1,2\]。為進(jìn)一步對(duì)植硅體碳進(jìn)行深入研究,開發(fā)出快速準(zhǔn)確檢驗(yàn)植硅體中有機(jī)碳含量的新方法變得尤為迫切。目前,植硅體碳的測(cè)定方法主要有Elementar Vario MAX CNS分析儀法和酸溶法\[3,\],前者需要高溫條件及特定儀器,難于適應(yīng)大批樣品低損耗、快速經(jīng)濟(jì)檢測(cè)的需求;后者存在環(huán)境污染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),同時(shí)也對(duì)操作人員具有一定的安全隱患,本實(shí)驗(yàn)建立了強(qiáng)堿快速溶解植硅體,重鉻酸鉀硫酸溶液氧化分光光度法定量測(cè)定植硅體碳的方法,擴(kuò)大了檢測(cè)限度,降低了分析成本。

      2實(shí)驗(yàn)部分

      2.1儀器與試劑722可見分光光度計(jì)(上海菁華科技儀器有限公司);萬分之一電子天平(上海民橋精密科學(xué)儀器有限公司);微波消解儀(美國CEM公司); Elementar Vario MAX CN(德國)分析儀;低速離心機(jī)(中科中佳科學(xué)儀器有限公司)。

      NO3, 2SO, Cl, 2O2, NaO, C22O·22O(優(yōu)級(jí)純,上海凌峰化學(xué)試劑有限公司);K2Cr2O7(分析純,無錫海碩生物有限公司);eSO·(N)2SO·62O(分析純,湖州湖試化學(xué)試劑有限公司);(N)6Mo7O2·2O(分析純,合肥科華精細(xì)化工研究所);Si標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)(國家有色金屬及電子材料分析測(cè)試中心);土壤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣(2013年5月以國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)GBW0705校準(zhǔn));C612O6·2O(國藥準(zhǔn)字31021728;上海信誼金朱藥業(yè)有限公司)。

      2.2植硅體植硅體碳樣本的制備植硅體的提取采用微波消解法\[5\],確保有機(jī)質(zhì)完全除去后干燥確保足量。

      2.3實(shí)驗(yàn)原理及方法在外加熱(98 ℃)的條件下,用一定濃度的重鉻酸鉀硫酸溶液氧化有機(jī)碳\[6\],生成Cr3+,在590 nm下比色,根據(jù)K2Cr2O7的消耗量,計(jì)算有機(jī)碳含量?;瘜W(xué)反應(yīng)如下:

      2K2Cr2O7 + 82SO + 3C=2K2SO + 2Cr2(SO)3 + 3CO2 + 82O(1)

      分別稱取0.0100 g植硅體樣品于10 mL塑料離心管中,加入10 mol/L NaO 0.5 mL,搖勻,靜置堿溶12 h。轉(zhuǎn)移入30 mL玻璃離心管中,用超純水清洗塑料離心管兩次,每次0.7 mL,一并轉(zhuǎn)入玻璃離心管。加入0.800 mol/L K2Cr2O7溶液1.0 mL,濃2SO.6 mL,輕輕搖勻。98 ℃沸水浴1 h,冷卻,定容至25 mL,輕輕搖勻,2500 r/ min低速離心10 min,取上清液,于590 nm比色測(cè)定。

      2.數(shù)據(jù)處理數(shù)據(jù)的處理在Microsoft Excel 2003中進(jìn)行,數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)與檢驗(yàn)在SPSS 18.0中進(jìn)行。利用單因素方差分析,Duncan新復(fù)極差法檢驗(yàn)不同處理方法的差異顯著性(α=0.01, α=0.05)。Origin 8.5軟件作圖。

      3結(jié)果與討論

      3.1稱樣量及堿溶時(shí)間的確定不同的植硅體樣品中有機(jī)碳的含量不同\[7\]。根據(jù)植硅體種類的不同, 稱取約0.0100 g植硅體樣品待實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)定。為確保方法適用于更廣泛的植硅體碳的測(cè)定,此步驟以純凈的SiO2代替植硅體,在不同的時(shí)間條件下進(jìn)行堿溶,測(cè)定溶出的Si濃度。結(jié)果表明,堿濃度為10 mol/L、堿溶體積為0.5 mL的前提下,堿溶12 h是使植硅體外層SiO2溶解的最佳時(shí)間。

      3.2氧化條件及水浴溫度的選擇本實(shí)驗(yàn)選擇3種植硅體樣品,在5個(gè)氧化梯度(濃硫酸與植硅體堿溶液比例分別為0.5∶1, 1∶1, 1.5∶1, 2∶1和2.5∶1)和5個(gè)水浴溫度(30,60,90,95和98 ℃),設(shè)計(jì)正交試驗(yàn),過程中加入土壤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品及有機(jī)碳標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液進(jìn)行回收實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,植硅體碳氧化的最佳條件是:濃硫酸與植硅體堿溶液體積比為1.5∶1,水浴溫度98 ℃。此條件下,土壤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品及有機(jī)碳標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液中有機(jī)碳的回收率分別為100.1%~103.0%和10.8%~107.0%。

      3.3標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線的繪制準(zhǔn)確吸取有機(jī)碳標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液(0.90909 g/L)0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5和2.0 mL于比色管中,以超純水分別定容至2.0 mL,準(zhǔn)確加入濃度為0.800 mol/L K2Cr2O7標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液1.0 mL,其余條件與樣品處理?xiàng)l件相同,定容至25 mL,此時(shí)含有機(jī)碳濃度分別為0, 18.2, 36., 5.5和72.7 mg/L。用1 cm光程比色皿于590 nm下比色,記錄吸光度。繪制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線,建立回歸方程。

      3.實(shí)驗(yàn)樣品的分析及方法可行性檢驗(yàn)按照以上確定的步驟及方法對(duì)采自12個(gè)地方的20個(gè)土壤及植物樣品所提取的植硅體樣品進(jìn)行分析,測(cè)定結(jié)果同目前常用的Elementar Vario MAX CNS分析儀的測(cè)定結(jié)果比較(圖1)。結(jié)果表明,兩種方法測(cè)定的植硅體樣品的植硅體碳含量在數(shù)值上完全可以相互比對(duì),不存在明顯的系統(tǒng)差異。將兩種方法的測(cè)定結(jié)果進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn)而當(dāng)自由度v=19時(shí),在5%水平下t=2.09,|t|

      1Wilding L P. Science, 1967, 156(3771): 66-67

      2Parr J, Sullivan L, Chen B, Ye G , Zheng W P. Global Change Biology, 2010, 16(10): 2661-2667

      3Parr J , Sullivan L A. Plant and Soil., 201, 37(12): 5-53

      Song Z,Wang, , Strong, P.J, Li, Z. and Jiang, P. EarthScience Reviews., 2012, 115(): 319-331

      5Parr J , Dolic V, Lancaster G, Boyd W E. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2001, 116(3): 203-212

      6SoilDetermination of Organic CarbonPotassium Dichromate Oxidation Spectrophotometric Method. he people′s Republic of China national standard of environmental protection. J 615-2011

      土壤有機(jī)碳的測(cè)定重鉻酸鉀氧化分光光度法. 中華人民共和國國家環(huán)境保護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn). J 615-2011

      7Parr J , Dolic V, Lancaster G, Boyd W E. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2001, 116(3): 203-212

      AbstractA method to determine phytolithoccluded carbon (PhytOC) was explored. Sodium hydroxide solution was used to dissolve the silicon compound(SiO2·n2O) which occluding on the carbon, and then potassium dichromatesulphuric acid solution was used to oxidize the released organic carbon. he concentration of Gr3+produced from the reaction was measured by spectrophotometry with its absorbance at 590 nm wavelength. he organic carbon concentration was calculated based on the amounts of potassium dichromate consumed. his analytical method was verified well accuracy and repeatability by running standard addition and recovery experiments. It has the advantages of low carbon loss, easy to operate, low cost; and hardly any influence to body health, as compared with acid dissolutionElementar Vario MAX CN method. he results obtained from this method have a good correlation with these determined by Elementar Vario MAX CN (Germany).

      KeywordsPhytolith; Phytolithoccluded carbon; Alkali dissolution; Spectrophotometry

      Song Z,Wang, , Strong, P.J, Li, Z. and Jiang, P. EarthScience Reviews., 2012, 115(): 319-331

      5Parr J , Dolic V, Lancaster G, Boyd W E. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2001, 116(3): 203-212

      6SoilDetermination of Organic CarbonPotassium Dichromate Oxidation Spectrophotometric Method. he people′s Republic of China national standard of environmental protection. J 615-2011

      土壤有機(jī)碳的測(cè)定重鉻酸鉀氧化分光光度法. 中華人民共和國國家環(huán)境保護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn). J 615-2011

      7Parr J , Dolic V, Lancaster G, Boyd W E. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2001, 116(3): 203-212

      AbstractA method to determine phytolithoccluded carbon (PhytOC) was explored. Sodium hydroxide solution was used to dissolve the silicon compound(SiO2·n2O) which occluding on the carbon, and then potassium dichromatesulphuric acid solution was used to oxidize the released organic carbon. he concentration of Gr3+produced from the reaction was measured by spectrophotometry with its absorbance at 590 nm wavelength. he organic carbon concentration was calculated based on the amounts of potassium dichromate consumed. his analytical method was verified well accuracy and repeatability by running standard addition and recovery experiments. It has the advantages of low carbon loss, easy to operate, low cost; and hardly any influence to body health, as compared with acid dissolutionElementar Vario MAX CN method. he results obtained from this method have a good correlation with these determined by Elementar Vario MAX CN (Germany).

      KeywordsPhytolith; Phytolithoccluded carbon; Alkali dissolution; Spectrophotometry

      Song Z,Wang, , Strong, P.J, Li, Z. and Jiang, P. EarthScience Reviews., 2012, 115(): 319-331

      5Parr J , Dolic V, Lancaster G, Boyd W E. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2001, 116(3): 203-212

      6SoilDetermination of Organic CarbonPotassium Dichromate Oxidation Spectrophotometric Method. he people′s Republic of China national standard of environmental protection. J 615-2011

      土壤有機(jī)碳的測(cè)定重鉻酸鉀氧化分光光度法. 中華人民共和國國家環(huán)境保護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn). J 615-2011

      7Parr J , Dolic V, Lancaster G, Boyd W E. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2001, 116(3): 203-212

      AbstractA method to determine phytolithoccluded carbon (PhytOC) was explored. Sodium hydroxide solution was used to dissolve the silicon compound(SiO2·n2O) which occluding on the carbon, and then potassium dichromatesulphuric acid solution was used to oxidize the released organic carbon. he concentration of Gr3+produced from the reaction was measured by spectrophotometry with its absorbance at 590 nm wavelength. he organic carbon concentration was calculated based on the amounts of potassium dichromate consumed. his analytical method was verified well accuracy and repeatability by running standard addition and recovery experiments. It has the advantages of low carbon loss, easy to operate, low cost; and hardly any influence to body health, as compared with acid dissolutionElementar Vario MAX CN method. he results obtained from this method have a good correlation with these determined by Elementar Vario MAX CN (Germany).

      KeywordsPhytolith; Phytolithoccluded carbon; Alkali dissolution; Spectrophotometry

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