賓語從句之通關(guān)秘籍

趙錦秀

一、 賓語從句的定義

在復(fù)合句中，置于及物動詞、介詞或某些形容詞后起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。如

He told me that hell leave for Shanghai tomorrow.

Im thinking of whether I should join the club.

Im afraid that I cant come this afternoon.

二、 引導(dǎo)詞的用法

引導(dǎo)賓語從句的詞叫引導(dǎo)詞。

1.當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如：He said (that) he could finish his work before supper．

注意：在以下情況下that不能省略

（1）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞后接多個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，第一個that可省略，但是后面的that不可省略。如：She said (that) you were too young to understand the problem and that he was asked not to tell you.

( 2)當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞與that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句之間有插入語時， that一般不可省略。如：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that the girl was wearing a ring.

( 3)當(dāng)that所引導(dǎo)的賓語從句是主句的雙賓語中的直接賓語時， that不可省略。如：

I cant tell her that her mother died.

注意：當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是think, believe, suppose, except等詞時，常常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句表示。如：I dont think (that) you are right.

注意：在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句放到句尾，而用it做形式主語。如：I find it necessary that we should do our homework on time.

2.當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：

I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．

注意：在以下情況下只能用whether

(1)在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時,如：

Let me know whether or not he will come．

I wonder whether we stay or whether we go．

(2)在介詞之后用whether.如：I'm interested in whether she likes English．

(3)在不定式前用whether.如： I don't know whether to go．

(4)whether置于句首時，不能換用if.如：Whether this is true or not，I can't say．

(5)若用if會引起歧義時，則用whether. 如:

Please let me know if you like the book．可理解為：“你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我”或“請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書”。Please let me know whether you like the book．

注意：引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語從句時只能用if.如： Shi asked if I didnt come to the party yesterday.

3.如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的特殊疑問詞（代詞：who, whose, what, which, whom等；副詞：when, where, how, why等）引導(dǎo)。如：

Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting yesterday？

【典型例題】

1.（2013浙江麗水第29題）-Im going to buy a car. Any advice, Charlie?

-Well, it depends on_________. If money isnt a problem, you can buy a BMW.

A. when you will buy one

B. how much you can afford

C. what color you like

D. where you are driving.

【答案】B

【解析】考查賓語從句中連接詞的用法。根據(jù)下文語境“如果錢不是問題的話，你可以買一輛寶馬”，可以推出此處應(yīng)為：這取決于你能支付多少錢。和選項(xiàng)B相符，所以選B。

2.（2013黑龍江齊齊哈爾第10題）-I wonder when you _______ in New York.

-Ill call you as soon as I _____ there.

A. arrive; will getB. will arrive; get

C. will arrive; will get

【答案】B

【解析】考查賓語從句和狀語從句。I wonder引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，根據(jù)語境“想知道你什么時候到”，所以賓語從句應(yīng)該用一般將來時。而答語中的as soon as引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句，要用“主將從現(xiàn)”，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時，所以選B。

三、賓語從句的語序

永遠(yuǎn)都是陳述句語序,即引導(dǎo)詞（連接代詞或連接副詞）+陳述句語序,如：Could you tell me when the plane will leave?

【典型例題】

（2013湖北十堰第35題）The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder____________.

A. how much it cost

B. how much it costs

C. how much did it cost

【答案】B

【解析】考查賓語從句語序。賓語從句用陳述句語序所以先排除C選項(xiàng)，句子是一般現(xiàn)在時，it作主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，所以選B。

四、賓語從句的時態(tài)

1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時態(tài)(主現(xiàn)從任)。如： I hope youll come back soon.

【典型例題】

（2013四川內(nèi)江第29題）Could you please tell me _________a great actress?

A. how Zhao Wei has become

B. how did Zhao Wei become

C. how became Zhao Wei

D. how does Zhao Wei become

【答案】A

【解析】考查賓語從句語序及時態(tài)。賓語從句用陳述句語序所以先排除B和D選項(xiàng)，Could 是委婉請求，并非一般過去時，所以選A。

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2.主句是一般過去時，從句必須用過去時態(tài)的某種形式：一般過去時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去將來時或過去完成時（主過從過）。如：He said that he had finished his work.

【典型例題】

（2013黑龍江齊齊哈爾第21題）Tom asked whether_________ after he finished his project.

A. can he go to the cinema

B. he can go to the cinema

C. he could go to the cinema

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語從句語序及時態(tài)。賓語從句用陳述句語序所以先排除A選項(xiàng)，主句是一般過去時，從句也要用一般過去時，所以選C。

3.當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或是客觀事實(shí)時，無論主句是何種時態(tài)，賓語從句永遠(yuǎn)都用一般現(xiàn)在時（從客用現(xiàn)）。如：The teacher told us that the moon travels around the earth.

【典型例題】

（2013黑龍江綏化第13題）The teacher asked the students______.

A. why the earth went around the sun

B. why does the earth go around the sun

C. why the earth goes around the sun

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語從句語序及時態(tài)。賓語從句用陳述句語序所以先排除B選項(xiàng)，而地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)是客觀真理，所以即使主句是一般過去時，從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時，所以選C。

五、賓語從句之通關(guān)秘訣

賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞，不同句子詞相異；陳述句子用that；一般疑問用是否（if，whether）；特殊問句不用變。賓語從句的時態(tài)，主句不同從句異。主句若為現(xiàn)在時，從句時態(tài)應(yīng)看意；主句若為過去時，從句時態(tài)向前移。賓語從句的語序，永保陳述句語序。

在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中：先過語序關(guān),再過引導(dǎo)詞關(guān),最后注意時態(tài)關(guān)及其他。

注意：if和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句。 if和when引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，為“是否”和“何時”的意思，其時態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時態(tài)相呼應(yīng)；而它們引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，為“如果，假如”和“當(dāng)……時候”的意思，當(dāng)主句時態(tài)是一般將來時時，其時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時（主將從現(xiàn)）。在中考中，它們常常被放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題干中進(jìn)行綜合考查。如：

（1）—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？(賓語從句)

—Sorry，I don't know． I'll tell you when he comes back．（時間狀語從句）

（2）—I don't know if he will come． (賓語從句)

—He will come if it doesn't rain．（條件狀語從句）

【典型例題】

（2013四川內(nèi)江第22題）I dont know if he______to the English corner, but Ill ask him about that when he ______ to the class.

A. goes; will come B. will go; will come

C. goes; comesD. will go; comes

【答案】D

【解析】第一空考查賓語從句的時態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)句意“我不知道他是否去參加英語角”，表示將來，要用一般將來時；第二空是when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，要用“主將從現(xiàn)”，所以從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時，而he是主語，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，所以選D。

【習(xí)題精選】

單項(xiàng)選擇:

1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. (北京市東城區(qū))

A. thatB. how C. what D. if

2. —I don't know ____ Mr. Green will come to see us.

—He will help us with our English. (杭州市)

A. whyB. when C. howD. where

3. —We never know _____ the old m an is. —They say he is a teacher. (鄂州市)

A. what B. who C. which D. where

4. Werenot sure if it _______ tomorrow. If it ______ , we wont go hiking.

A, will rain; rainsB. will rain; will rain

C. rains; rains D. rains; will rain

5. —Do you know _____ ？I'm going to see him. —Sorry, I don't know. (北京市海淀區(qū))

A. where does Mr. Li live

B. where did Mr. Li live

C. where Mr. Li lives

D. where Mr. Li lived

6. —W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer.

—Sorry, I have no idea. (南京市)

A. /; boughtB. has; bought

C. did; buy D. does; buy

7. I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _____ this morning. (重慶市)

A. what the matter isB. what is wrong

C. what the matter wasD. what wrong was

8. —Where is Jack？

—He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _____ he is. (南昌市)

A. thatB. whichC. where D. there

9.—Could you tell me__________?

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—“Rome was not built in a day.”You should try to give it enough chances to become strong,

A. why I should do to have a good memory

B. what I can do to have a good memory

C. how can I have a good memory

10.—Mr. Wang, can you tell me_________?

—www.heldu.cet will help you.(哈爾濱市)

A. what I can get the latest news about education

B. where can I search for the information about high schools

C. where I can find out the exam scores.

11. Please tell me ______ last year.

A. where does your sister work

B. where did your sister work

C. where your sister works

D. where your sister worked

12. She asked me if I knew ______.

A. whose pen is itB. whose pen it was

C. whose pen it isD. whose pen was it

13. You must remember ________.

A. what your mother said

B. what did your mother say

C. your mother said what

D. what has your mother said

14. Did you know ____

A. who he was looking after

B. who was he looking for

C. who he is looking for

D. who he is looking after

15. Could you tell me ___

A. when will they leave Beijing

B. when would they leave Beijing

C. when they will leave Beijing

D. when did they leave Beijing

參考答案:

1． D。讀者問店員Who Moved My Cheese是否是一本有趣的書，所以選D。

2． A。 根據(jù)回答“他將幫助我們學(xué)英語”，所以選A。

3． A。根據(jù)回答“他是一位教師”，所以問的是職業(yè)，選A。

4． A。第一個if是“是否”的意思，引導(dǎo)賓語從句，明天是否下雨,所以用一般將來時，第二個if是“如果”的意思，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，用“主將從現(xiàn)”，從句主語it，動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)，所以選A。

5． C。賓語從句語序錯誤排除A和B，我打算去看他 , 是問現(xiàn)在住哪，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時，所以選C。

6． A。賓語從句語序錯誤排除B、C、D，所以選A。

7． C。賓語從句“主過從過”時態(tài)錯誤，排除A和B；語序錯誤排除D，所以選C。

8． C。根據(jù)句意“他或是在杭州或是在武漢，我也不知道他在哪”，所以選C。

9． B。賓語從句語序錯誤排除C；根據(jù)回答“你應(yīng)該盡力給足夠的機(jī)會變強(qiáng)大”，所以選B。

10． C。根據(jù)回答“黑龍江教育網(wǎng)將會幫你”，所以選C。

11． D。賓語從句語序錯誤排除A和B；“去年”時態(tài)錯誤排除C，所以選D。

12． B。賓語從句語序錯誤排除A和D；“主過從過”時態(tài)錯誤，排除C，所以選B。

13． A。賓語從句語序錯誤排除B和D；引導(dǎo)詞后接陳述句，排除C，所以選A。

14． A。賓語從句語序錯誤排除B；“主過從過”時態(tài)錯誤，排除C和D，所以選A。

15． C。賓語從句是陳述句語序，排除A、B、D，所以選C。

（作者單位：哈爾濱市第七十六中學(xué)）

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