that是我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)從句時(shí)最常遇到的一個(gè)連接詞。它可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。本文主要介紹that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的幾種情況。名詞性從句包含主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句四種。that在名詞性從句中不作任何句子成分,沒有實(shí)際意義,在引導(dǎo)一些賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)還可省略。下面,筆者將結(jié)合具體的例句說一說由that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的用法,希望能幫助大家理解相關(guān)知識(shí)。
一、主語(yǔ)從句
that在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用it作形式主語(yǔ),常見的句型有以下四種:
1.It+be+形容詞(true,good,funny,likely,essential,obvious,natural,wonderful,possible,certain,necessary,important,significant,fundamental)+that從句.
例句 1:It is necessary that you should maintain abalanced diet.
例句 2:It is obvious that Tommy has missed such agood chance.
2.It+be+名詞詞組(a good thing,a shame,no won?der,a pity,no surprise)+that從句.
例句3:It is a good thing that she comes back.
例句4:It is a pity that she failed in the game.
3.It + be +過去分詞(reported,decided,arranged,said,thought,expected,announced)+that從句.
例句5:It is reported that it will rain soon.
例句 6:It is decided that sports meeting has beendelayed until next month.
4.It+特殊動(dòng)詞(seem,turn out,happen,matter,ap?pear)+that從句.
例句 7:It turns out that a high-fat diet is bad foryour health.
that還可以直接引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,但當(dāng)從句置于句首時(shí),that不可省略。
例句 8:That the speech contest is in advancemakes me anxious.
二、賓語(yǔ)從句
that在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),不作句子成分,無實(shí)義,在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中可省略。一般可以接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞有see,know,imagine,believe,tell,think,show,consider等。在find,think,feel,consider,make,believe等可以接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞后,需要用it作為形式賓語(yǔ),而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句后置。
例句9:I see that the young woman is crossing the road.
例句10:I find it that he is interested in English.
在以下幾種情況中,that在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不可省略:
1.賓語(yǔ)從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí),that不可省略。
2.動(dòng)詞后有多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,只有第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可省略,后面的不可省略。
3.it作為形式賓語(yǔ),真正的賓語(yǔ)為that引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí),that不可省略。
4.在except,but等介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,that不可省略。
三、表語(yǔ)從句
that在引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只起到連接的作用,無實(shí)義,一般情況下不省略。
例句11:My suggestion is that you should move be?fore them.
例句12:What bothers me is that I have lost my way.
四、同位語(yǔ)從句
that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句,通常跟在一些抽象名詞之后,如hope,fact,opinion,suggestion,thought,prob?lem,news,idea等,對(duì)前面的名詞起到補(bǔ)充說明的作用,that不可省略,不充當(dāng)任何成分。
例句13:I come from Jackson with the message that he is absent today.
例句14:The thought came to me that I had forgot?ten the keys when I left home.
例句15:I hear the news that we will have an exam next week.
that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句是一個(gè)重要的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn),我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)應(yīng)該多積累、多總結(jié),從而完全掌握它的用法。
(作者單位:甘肅省臨夏州積石山縣積石中學(xué))