引導學生通過分析語篇解答“七選五”閱讀題的幾個方法

芮芳

“七選五”閱讀題主要考查學生理解語篇的能力。“七選五”閱讀題要求學生有較強的語篇意識，能夠把握語篇的整體結構和內(nèi)在銜接。

根據(jù)系統(tǒng)功能語言學理論，語篇從三個維度存在相互的內(nèi)在關聯(lián)。一是概念，語篇題材、體裁相同，講述的事情相同，從而體現(xiàn)其語篇概念上的連貫。二是交際，其語氣和態(tài)度的和諧統(tǒng)一，就可以實現(xiàn)交際的預設目標。三是語篇結構上的內(nèi)在銜接關系。在“七選五”閱讀題中，常見的銜接手段有結構銜接、邏輯銜接和詞匯銜接。

一、結構銜接

1.設空在標題，所選標題要與其它標題保持結構和風格上的一致。小標題一般短小精悍，多為祈使句或名詞短語。

●__________

Do not follow the people who make you feel notgood enough.Why do you follow them？ Are you hop-ing that eventually you will feel empowered becauseyour life is better than theirs？ Know that your life isyour own; you are the only you in this world.

●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you havemade...

●Recognize all of your strengths...（2020年全國卷I）

D. Remember， you are only human.

E. Set an intention for self- acceptance.

F. Stop comparing yourself with others.

解析：根據(jù)祈使句的標題句式特點，先篩選出選項DEF，然后根據(jù)語篇的概念意義連貫中的表述同一個話題，選出答案F。

2.設空在段首，段首句通常是該段的中心句/主題句。

Before there was the written word， there was thelanguage of dance. Dance expresses love and hate， joyand sorrow ，life and death， and everything else in be-tween.

__1

We dance from Florida to Alaska， from northto south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings， birth-days， office parties and just to fill the time.（ 2018年全國卷in）

A. So why do we dance？

B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.

C. If you like dancing outdoors， come to America.

D. My older students say it makes them feel young.

解析：根據(jù)段落中兩個“from.….to”跟選項中“ev-erywhere”相呼應。正確答案是B項。

3.設空在段尾，段尾句一般是總結歸納、呼應首句或是引出下文

Like any other skills， develop your attention skill.38 Start creating the conditions for uninterruptedwork by noticing everything that distracts you. You canalso start tracking your attention to get a better insightinto how you are currently using your time.一39 （南京市2021-2022學年高二上學期期中考試英語試題）

A. We lose focus easily.

B. So keep asking yourself every day.

C. Attention is how you get things done.

D. Our attention is a precious resource.

E. We should make the most of the limited time.

F. Train your attention by practising demandingtasks often.

G. Then take a step back， and assess how youspend your attention.

解析：根據(jù)同一話題，呼應首句，39空選出答案G。

二、邏輯銜接

1.轉折關系

55 However， anger can easily tum violent， andit is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in or-der to prevent its presence. With these main reasons inmind， we can evaluate our level of anger throughout theday and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehendingthe reasons for our feelings. （2018年北京卷）

D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybepeople think that they have reasons to feel angry.

解析：根據(jù)表轉折的邏輯關系詞“however”，答案選D。

2.順承關系

Like any other skills， develop your attention skill.38 Start creating the conditions for uninterruptedwork by noticing everything that distracts you. You canalso start tracking your attention to get a better insightinto how you are currently using your time. _39（南京市2021-2022學年高二上學期期中考試英語試題）

A.We lose focus easily.

B. So keep asking yourself every day.

C. Attention is how you get things done.

D. Our attention is a precious resource.

E. We should make the most of the limited time.

F. Train your attention by practising demandingtasks often.

G. Then take a step back， and assess how youspend your attention.

解析：38空，根據(jù)“develop your attention skill"和選項F中“train your attention by practicing…”是順承關系。

3.因果關系

Attention， like time， is limited._40 Am I spend-ing my time on things that add value to my life？ Are myactions moving me toward or away from what mattersmost in my life？ Managing your attention is managingyour life.（南京市2021-2022學年高二上學期期中考試英語試題）

A. We lose focus easily.

B. So keep asking yourself every day.

C. Attention is how you get things done.

D. Our attention is a precious resource.

E. We should make the most of the limited time.

F. Train your attention by practising demandingtasks often.

G. Then take a step back， and assess how youspend your attention.

解析：40空與前一句是因果關系，與后一句是順承關系，所以答案選B項。

三、詞匯銜接

1.同范疇詞

37 If the air you' re breathing is clean ——which it would be if you' re away from the smog of cit-ies ——then the air is filled with life-giving， energizingoxygen. If you exercise out of doors， your body willleam to breathe more deeply， allowing even more oxy-gen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain.（ 2019全國卷I）

A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.

解析：此段落中的“body， muscle， brain”與選項中“l(fā)ungs”屬于同范疇詞。

2.同義復現(xiàn)

Your productivity is improved. Exercismg makesyou more awake and ready to handle whatever is aheadof you for the day._37（2018年全國Ⅱ卷）

E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours af-ter exercise.

解析：這句話中的“make you more awake"及E選項中的“keep your head clear”屬于同義復現(xiàn)。

綜上所述，分析語篇中的銜接手段，更有助于解答“七選五”閱讀題，教師要引導學生在日常的學習中總結方法，攻克這種題型。

本文系江蘇省教育科學“十三五”規(guī)劃立項課題“指向邏輯思維的高中英語語篇連貫教學研究”（批準號D/2020/02/90）的階段性研究成果。

（作者單位：江蘇省江浦高級中學）