胡偉珍 陳嬋嬋 薛琴丹 單培仁
[摘要] 目的 通過(guò)對(duì)經(jīng)皮冠脈介入止血技術(shù)的系統(tǒng)性研究來(lái)指導(dǎo)國(guó)內(nèi)相關(guān)技術(shù)的發(fā)展。 方法 使用檢索式(percutaneous coronary intervention)AND (hemostasis)對(duì)Web of science、Scopus和Pubmed數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)1993年1月至2020年12月期間的經(jīng)皮冠脈介入圍術(shù)期止血技術(shù)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行檢索和分析。 結(jié)果 美國(guó)在該領(lǐng)域優(yōu)勢(shì)較大,研究機(jī)構(gòu)中心性較低。研究熱點(diǎn)包括血管造影術(shù)、經(jīng)皮冠脈介入、人工壓迫和止血器等。近年來(lái)研究主要關(guān)注比較穿刺位點(diǎn)(股動(dòng)脈 vs. 橈動(dòng)脈)和止血方式(壓迫 vs. 封閉器)的預(yù)后。 結(jié)論 止血器能夠減少出血并發(fā)癥,改善患者預(yù)后。我國(guó)研究參與度較低,應(yīng)開(kāi)展以護(hù)理為主導(dǎo)的多學(xué)科研究。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入;橈動(dòng)脈;文獻(xiàn)學(xué)分析;止血裝置;并發(fā)癥
[中圖分類號(hào)] R195.4? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2022)12-0104-03
[Abstract] Objective To guide the development of related technologies in China through systematic research on hemostasis technique during percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods The literature on perioperative hemostasis during percutaneous coronary intervention from January 1993 to December 2020 in the databases of Web of science, Scopus and Pubmed was searched and analyzed by using the search form (percutaneous coronary intervention) and (hemostasis). Results The United States exhibited great advantages in this field,while the research institutions were less centralized.Research hotspots included angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, artificial compression and hemostat. In recent years, research focused on comparing the prognosis of puncture site (femoral artery vs. radial artery) and hemostasis mode (compression vs. obturator). Conclusion Hemostat can reduce bleeding complications and improve the prognosis of patients. There is relatively little research in this area in China and nursing-based multidisciplinary research should be undertaken.
[Key words] Percutaneous coronary intervention; Radial artery; Bibliometric analysis; Hemostatic device; Complication
近年來(lái)冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性心臟?。╝therosclerotic coronary artery disease,CAD)患者群體年輕化[1],經(jīng)皮冠脈介入治療(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)顯著增長(zhǎng)[2]。PCI具有侵入性小和住院時(shí)間短的優(yōu)勢(shì)[3],而出血是圍術(shù)期的常見(jiàn)并發(fā)癥[4]。傳統(tǒng)止血方法是人工壓迫,耗時(shí)且占用護(hù)理資源[5]。此外,服用抗栓藥物患者的人工壓迫不足以有效止血,導(dǎo)致住院延長(zhǎng)和費(fèi)用增加[6]。止血器具有定位準(zhǔn)確、壓力可控等優(yōu)勢(shì)[7]。本研究通過(guò)對(duì)止血技術(shù)文獻(xiàn)學(xué)分析,了解相關(guān)熱點(diǎn),指導(dǎo)國(guó)內(nèi)研究的開(kāi)展。
1 資料與方法
1.1 文獻(xiàn)檢索
構(gòu)建檢索式(percutaneous coronary intervention)AND(hemostasis),對(duì)Web of science、Scopus和Pubmed數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)1993年1月至2020年12月的經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入圍術(shù)期止血技術(shù)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行檢索,獲得論著、綜述、會(huì)議記錄等464篇。
1.2 文獻(xiàn)類別篩選
閱讀文獻(xiàn)摘要,排除會(huì)議記要和信件等34篇,使用EndNote X7刪除33篇重復(fù)收錄文獻(xiàn),最終納入論著和綜述共397篇。
1.3 研究對(duì)象處理及分析方法
將文獻(xiàn)導(dǎo)入Citespace 5.5.R1,提取研究機(jī)構(gòu)、國(guó)家、主題詞等信息構(gòu)建關(guān)聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò),使用Log-likelihood rate(LLR)算法進(jìn)行聚類分析,并提取突顯詞做詞頻分析。
2 結(jié)果
相關(guān)研究始于二十世紀(jì)末,發(fā)文量呈逐漸增多。見(jiàn)圖1。
2.1 作者
發(fā)文量前十位研究員共發(fā)表36篇文獻(xiàn)(9.1%)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 研究機(jī)構(gòu)
發(fā)文量前十位研究機(jī)構(gòu)共發(fā)表50篇文獻(xiàn)(12.6%),中心性較低。見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 國(guó)家
美國(guó)在該領(lǐng)域優(yōu)勢(shì)較大,發(fā)表文獻(xiàn)175篇(44.1%)。見(jiàn)表3。
2.4 關(guān)鍵詞
熱點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵詞包括經(jīng)皮冠脈介入(percutaneous coronary intervention)、止血器(hemostasis)、心導(dǎo)管檢查(cardiac catheterization)、并發(fā)癥(complication)、血管成形術(shù)(angioplasty)、人工壓迫(manual compression)、血管造影術(shù)(angiography)、試驗(yàn)(trial)、隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)(randomized trial)、血管閉合器(vascular closure device)。見(jiàn)表4、封三圖3。
2.5 聚類分析
LLR聚類[8]生成8個(gè)群組包括口服抗凝劑(direct oral anticoagulants)、經(jīng)橈動(dòng)脈(transradial)、穿刺部位(puncture site)、冠脈成形術(shù)(coronary angioplasty)、血小板功能分析儀(pfa-100)、大內(nèi)皮素(big endothelin)、抗血小板藥(antiplatelet drug)和血小板微泡(platelet microvesicles)。見(jiàn)封三圖4、封三圖5。
2.6 研究趨勢(shì)
突顯詞分析[9]顯示研究呈周期性發(fā)展,由手術(shù)術(shù)式向止血器械轉(zhuǎn)變。二十世紀(jì)末和2000年后分別圍繞冠脈成形術(shù)(coronary angioplasty)、冠脈介入(coro-nary intervention)向封閉器(closure device)和閉合器(suture mediated closure)轉(zhuǎn)變。見(jiàn)封三圖6。
3 討論
3.1 研究歷程
止血技術(shù)研究始于二十世紀(jì)末,美國(guó)發(fā)文數(shù)量和質(zhì)量均處于領(lǐng)先地位[10]??蒲袡C(jī)構(gòu)中心性低提示核心團(tuán)隊(duì)未形成。我國(guó)研究參與度低,應(yīng)重視和加強(qiáng)該領(lǐng)域的研究。
3.2 研究重點(diǎn)
3.2.1 出血并發(fā)癥? 出血是PCI常見(jiàn)并發(fā)癥[11],不同穿刺位點(diǎn)出血風(fēng)險(xiǎn)存在差異。與股動(dòng)脈相比,經(jīng)橈動(dòng)脈PCI的出血風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較低[12]。CENTURY Ⅱ隨訪研究顯示,急診經(jīng)橈動(dòng)脈PCI的患者住院和隨訪期間出血并發(fā)癥較少(住院:1.7% vs. 6.2%,P<0.001;隨訪:2.7% vs. 9.6%,P<0.001)[13]。另一項(xiàng)針對(duì)10 590例冠脈慢性閉塞患者薈萃分析顯示,經(jīng)橈動(dòng)脈PCI的大出血風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也較低(0.18% vs. 0.9%,P<0.001)[14],根據(jù)不同穿刺路徑應(yīng)采取個(gè)體化止血策略。
3.2.2 藥物影響? 血小板活化是止血基礎(chǔ)[15]??寡“逅幬锇⑺酒チ謱?duì)PCI術(shù)后止血影響呈多樣性。除抗栓作用外,停藥后會(huì)出現(xiàn)促血栓形成效應(yīng),這種血栓傾向與環(huán)氧合酶-2受抑制有關(guān)[16]。了解患者抗栓藥物的使用情況有利于優(yōu)化止血決策。
3.2.3 內(nèi)環(huán)境改變? 急性冠脈綜合征患者內(nèi)環(huán)境微泡增加,促進(jìn)血小板聚集[17]。PFA-100采用閉合時(shí)間評(píng)估患者血小板聚集性[18]。血小板高聚集表現(xiàn)為充分抗栓后血小板活性仍正常。對(duì)于血小板高聚集的患者應(yīng)適當(dāng)縮短壓迫時(shí)間以降低血栓風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
3.2.4 止血方法? 止血方法主要包括人工壓迫和止血器。薈萃分析顯示止血器可以減少圍術(shù)期并發(fā)癥如動(dòng)靜脈瘺、假性動(dòng)脈瘤等[20],縮短臥床時(shí)間,改善患者體驗(yàn)。使用止血器的劣勢(shì)主要為學(xué)習(xí)曲線效應(yīng),應(yīng)組織學(xué)習(xí),加強(qiáng)使用止血器有效止血的培訓(xùn)。
3.3 小結(jié)
經(jīng)皮冠脈介入圍術(shù)期止血技術(shù)的研究尚處于發(fā)展階段,我國(guó)研究數(shù)量和質(zhì)量均有待提高,應(yīng)針對(duì)止血器開(kāi)展以護(hù)理為主導(dǎo)的多學(xué)科研究。
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(收稿日期:2021-06-15)