解瑩
強(qiáng)調(diào)句是英語(yǔ)中常見的句型之一,也是中考的一個(gè)熱門考點(diǎn)。它是通過(guò)對(duì)句子中的某個(gè)部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),以突出說(shuō)話人的意愿和情感。對(duì)此,筆者剖析了英語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本用法,并提出了幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng),以期同學(xué)們能夠準(zhǔn)確把握和運(yùn)用。
一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本用法
1.陳述句句型:It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that /who +其他。強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí),既可用who,又可用that,其他強(qiáng)調(diào)則一律用that。例如:
My mother bought a lot of bread in the su- permarket yesterday.
昨天我媽媽在超市買了許多面包。
→It was my mother that/who bought a lot of bread in the supermarket yesterday.
昨天在超市買了許多面包的是我媽媽。(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))
→It was a lot of bread that my motherbought in the supermarket yesterday.
昨天我媽媽在超市買了許多面包。(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ))
→It was yesterday that my mother boughta lot of bread in the supermarket.
我媽媽是昨天在超市買了許多面包。(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
→It was in the supermarket that my moth-er bought a lot of bread yesterday.
昨天我媽媽是在超市買了許多面包。(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
2.一般疑問(wèn)句句型:Is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that/who +其他。例如:
Jack visited his grandparents in the coun- try last Sunday.
上周日杰克去鄉(xiāng)下看望了他的爺爺奶奶。
→Was it Jack that /who visited his grand- parents in the country last Sunday?
上周日是杰克去鄉(xiāng)下看望了他的爺爺奶奶嗎?(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))
→Was it his grandparents that /who Jackvisited in the country last Sunday?
上周日杰克去鄉(xiāng)下看望的是他爺爺奶奶嗎?(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ))
→Was it in the country that Jack visitedhis grandparents last Sunday?
上周日杰克是去鄉(xiāng)下看望他爺爺奶奶嗎?(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
→Was it last Sunday that Jack visited hisgrandparents in the country?
杰克是上周日去鄉(xiāng)下看望他爺爺奶奶嗎?(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
3.特殊疑問(wèn)句句型:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is/was +it +that/who +其他。例如:
I found an eraser under the bed this morning.
我今天早上在床底下發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊橡皮擦。
→Who was it that found an eraser underthe bed this morning?
今天早上誰(shuí)在床下發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊橡皮擦?(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)
→What was it that I found under the bedthis morning?
今天早上我在床下發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ))
→Where was it that I found an eraser thismorning?
今天早上我在哪里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊橡皮擦?(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
→When was it that I found an eraser under the bed?
我什么時(shí)候在床底上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊橡皮擦?(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
二、注意事項(xiàng)
1.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中,當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是主語(yǔ)時(shí),that或who后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分的人稱與數(shù)保持一致。例如:
It is you that /who are right this time.
這次是你對(duì)了。
It is I that/who am a student.
我是一名學(xué)生。
2.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中,當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因等狀語(yǔ)時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)詞不能使 用“when, where, how, why”,應(yīng)用“that”。例如:
It was every day when Peter goes toschool on foot. (×)
It was every day that Peter goes to schoolon foot. (√)
3.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中,如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分既含有人,又 含 有 物,則不 能 使 用“who”, 只 能 用“that”。例如:
It was the things and the people who I remembered from my childhood. (×)
It was the things and the people that I remembered from my childhood. (√)
4.倘若要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,通常不使用
“It is/was …that… ”句型,而是直接在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形前面添加助動(dòng)詞do,does或did進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如:
Do be careful when you cross the road.
過(guò)馬路時(shí)你一定要當(dāng)心。
He does like playing football.
他的確喜歡踢足球。
5.在not…until… 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,其結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is/was not until +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他”。
需要注意的是,此句中雖然否定詞 not 提前了,但不用倒裝。例如:
直到老師進(jìn)來(lái)學(xué)生們才停止講話。
It was not until the teacher came in that thestudents stopped talking.(強(qiáng)調(diào))
Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.(倒裝)
總之,強(qiáng)調(diào)句看似簡(jiǎn)單,但稍不注意,極易用錯(cuò)。在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中,同學(xué)們既要把握其基本用法,又留意其注意事項(xiàng),這樣在運(yùn)用時(shí)才能避免“踩雷”,提高準(zhǔn)確率。