湯山礦坑公園茶室，南京，中國(guó)

南京湯山歷史悠久，文化積淀豐厚，溫泉資源豐富，但曾經(jīng)粗放式的采石作業(yè)令山體傷疤累累。近年，得益于南京市“城市雙修”試點(diǎn)工作的開(kāi)展，湯山著手山體生態(tài)復(fù)育和礦坑公園等文化旅游設(shè)施的建設(shè)。茶室就是礦坑公園中利用原農(nóng)民宅基地設(shè)計(jì)建造的配套服務(wù)建筑之一。

設(shè)計(jì)概念來(lái)源于對(duì)場(chǎng)地歸屬感的重塑。初到項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，看見(jiàn)魚塘緩坡邊的簡(jiǎn)易農(nóng)舍、水井、灶臺(tái)以及雞群和家犬，彌漫著農(nóng)家生活的煙火味，營(yíng)造一個(gè)既能望山看水、又能留存些許鄉(xiāng)愁記憶的建筑是最樸素的構(gòu)思來(lái)源，希望能將茶室呈現(xiàn)出“當(dāng)代鄉(xiāng)土”意向，并契合城市休閑人群體驗(yàn)。

建筑設(shè)計(jì)利用地形，兼顧面水的主要人流流向和臨機(jī)動(dòng)車道的次入口；建筑體量正交與斜向結(jié)合組織，梯形入口廣場(chǎng)與濱水棧道相接，廣場(chǎng)上保留了老井臺(tái)，并結(jié)合標(biāo)志性的榔榆大樹(shù)形成“村口”的意向；抬升的紅磚山墻形成了新的通道，并重現(xiàn)水中倒影，與農(nóng)舍拆除前形成了似曾相識(shí)的畫境；抬升墻體引發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)想出“Y”型的鋼筋混凝土樹(shù)狀結(jié)構(gòu)形式，并反復(fù)組合運(yùn)用在各空間，形成了通透輕盈的觀景界面?！?/p>

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: 王建國(guó)，朱淵，姚昕悅，沈宇馳，羅文博等/WANG Jianguo, ZHU Yuan, YAO Xinyue,SHEN Yuchi, LUO Wenbo, et al.

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Time: 2018

竣工時(shí)間/Completion Time: 2019

攝影/Photos: 許昊皓，王建國(guó)/XU Haohao, WANG Jianguo

1 總平面/Site plan

2 夜景/Night view

4 西南側(cè)視景/Southwest view（2-4 攝影/Photos: 許昊皓/XU Haohao）

5 首層平面/Ground floor plan6 二層平面/First floor plan

Tangshan has a long history, rich cultural accumulation and outstanding hot spring resources,but extensive quarrying operation has scarred the mountain. In recent years, thanks to the pilot work of "Double Urban Repairs" in Nanjing, Tangshan has set about the construction of mountain ecological restoration and cultural tourism facilities such as the Tangshan Quarry Park. The teahouse is built from the former farmer's homestead as one of the service buildings in the park.

The design concept comes from the reinvention of the sense of belonging of the site. When the design team first arrived at the project site by the fish pond, they were impressed by the smell of kitchen smoke and the scene of farm life including the farmhouse, the well, the cooktop, chickens and domestic dogs. Thus they proposed a simple idea to create a building that can not only enjoy the mountains and the water, but also retain a little homesick memory. It is hoped that the teahouse can present the intention of "contemporary countryside" and fit the experience of the urban leisure group.

According to the topography, the design balances the main flow facing the lake and the secondary entrance next to the motorway. The building volume is combined with orthogonal and oblique dimensions, and the trapezoidal entrance plaza is connected with the waterfront plank road.The old well is retained on the plaza, combined with the iconic big ulmus parvifolia tree to form the image of the "village entrance". The raised red brick gable creates a new passage and reproduces the reflection on the water, forming a familiar picture with the former farmhouse. Another idea of "Y"-shaped reinforced concrete tree-like structure is triggered by the lifted red wall, and this structure is repeatedly combined and used in various spaces to form a transparent and light viewing interface.□

7.8 Y 型結(jié)構(gòu)體系/Y-Shaped Structure

9 濱水視景/Waterfront view（攝影/Photo: 王建國(guó)/WANG Jianguo）

10 夜景/Night view（攝影/Photo: 許昊皓/XU Haohao）

11 紅磚墻夜景/Night view of the red brick wall（攝影/Photo: 王建國(guó)/WANG Jianguo）

12 剖面/Sections

評(píng)論

張鵬舉：在面對(duì)自然或鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境做建筑時(shí)，通常我們很難擺脫個(gè)人的主觀情景作出有效應(yīng)答。王建國(guó)院士及其團(tuán)隊(duì)設(shè)計(jì)的南京湯山礦坑公園茶室，將主觀意趣融于客觀場(chǎng)景，印證了一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的看法：對(duì)于類似場(chǎng)地中的好建筑，相貌、建造、體驗(yàn)，互成因果，缺一不能奏效。

相貌，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是環(huán)境、建筑有機(jī)融于人心里所呈現(xiàn)的樣貌。相貌不是形式，更非風(fēng)格，雖有物理的形，更是心中的相。王建國(guó)院士在設(shè)計(jì)之初畫出的意向草圖，引導(dǎo)了整體設(shè)計(jì)走向，草圖中有形態(tài)，有尺度，更有建筑師心目中與環(huán)境共生的基本相貌。

建造，強(qiáng)調(diào)一種結(jié)構(gòu)、材料、構(gòu)造等邏輯的真實(shí)性。茶室設(shè)計(jì)中運(yùn)用傘形結(jié)構(gòu)，打開(kāi)茶室視野尤其是傳統(tǒng)建筑中不多見(jiàn)的房間角部視野，它是視覺(jué)體驗(yàn)的需要，是整體設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)核心環(huán)節(jié)。此一做法在熟悉的形態(tài)中創(chuàng)造了陌生感，令整體不同凡響，但又守住了相貌的邊界。

體驗(yàn)，來(lái)自空間營(yíng)造，打開(kāi)茶室視野是然，經(jīng)營(yíng)漫游路徑亦然，于是，庭院手法應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。設(shè)計(jì)配合地形布置大小高低多處院子，它既是草圖相貌的落實(shí)，更是基于身體體驗(yàn)的深化，本質(zhì)上又是藏于人們集體記憶中的在地基因。

從一幅畫的相貌開(kāi)始，真實(shí)體驗(yàn)引導(dǎo)了形態(tài)發(fā)展，真實(shí)形態(tài)又催生了嶄新結(jié)構(gòu)，既留住記憶，又推陳出新。

13 二層平臺(tái)/First floor platform

14 茶室大廳/Teahouse lobby

Comments

ZHANG Pengju: Normally it is difficult for us to respond effectively to individual subjective situations in the face of natural and rural environments when doing architectural design. Whereas WANG's team blends subjective interest with objective scenes and confirms a long-term view in the design of the tea house in Tangshan Quarry Park: for a good building on a similar site, appearance, construction, and experience are all indispensable and contribute to each other.

"Appearance" emphasizes how the environment and architecture organically blend in people's hearts.It is not a form, nor a style. It is physical, but on the other hand, also a spiritual image of the heart. WANG drew a sketch of intention at the first glance of the site, which guided the overall design development.There are forms and scales in the sketches, as well as the basic appearance of the symbiosis between the building and the environment in the architect's mind.

"Construction" emphasizes the authenticity of a logic of structure, material, construction, etc. An umbrella-shaped structure is used to open up the view of the internal space of the tea room, especially the corner view which is not common in traditional buildings, expands the visual experience and becoming a core part of the overall design. This approach creates a sense of strangeness in the familiar form, making the whole room extraordinary, yet keeping the boundary of appearance.

"Experience" comes from the creation of space as can be seen from the unobstructed view of the tea room and the fun of the roaming path. These suggest a kind of courtyard technique. According to the topographic layout of multiple yards, the building is not only the implementation of the sketches and appearance, but also the deepening of the physical experience, moreover, the local gene hidden in people's memory in essence.

The form generated from the real experience and created a brand new structure at the same time. It not only retains the memory, but also innovates the old.

15 西北視景/Northwest view

16 茶室內(nèi)景/Interior view

17 主樓梯空間/Main staircase（13-17 攝影/Photos: 許昊皓/XU Haohao）