基于風(fēng)貌保護(hù)的南京老城城市設(shè)計(jì)高度研究

為落實(shí)南京歷史文化名城的風(fēng)貌傳承要求，實(shí)現(xiàn)高度控制的法定化，研究以老城40km2內(nèi)的5569個(gè)權(quán)屬地塊為研究對(duì)象，采用了法定規(guī)劃高度控制整合基礎(chǔ)上的、城市設(shè)計(jì)控制與賦值計(jì)算雙向校核的技術(shù)方法。

1 總體城市設(shè)計(jì)意向/Overall urban design intention

2 軸線與歷史街道/Axis and historical street

3 視廊與天際線/Vision and skyline

4 高層建筑組團(tuán)/High-rise building group

5 歷史城區(qū)/Historic city

其中“法定控高整合”實(shí)現(xiàn)了各種相關(guān)法規(guī)、條例和已批規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)的高度控制成果整合；“城市設(shè)計(jì)控制”依據(jù)經(jīng)典美學(xué)原理，著眼老城特色風(fēng)貌結(jié)構(gòu)與感知意象進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)管控，形成環(huán)境品質(zhì)改善中“管好”的核心內(nèi)容；“賦值計(jì)算”著眼用地高度差異的影響因素與互動(dòng)，建立基準(zhǔn)性數(shù)字平臺(tái)，解決具有基本品質(zhì)的海量城市高度形態(tài)管控基準(zhǔn)?！半p向校核”以法定控高整合為基準(zhǔn)，參照風(fēng)貌結(jié)構(gòu)意象，會(huì)同控詳編制單位和規(guī)劃管理部門共同完成賦值結(jié)果的調(diào)整與優(yōu)化，并圍繞設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)和現(xiàn)實(shí)問題提出形態(tài)協(xié)調(diào)的措施建議。

研究初步實(shí)現(xiàn)了統(tǒng)一各種法定規(guī)劃中有關(guān)高度控制的“一張圖”成果；同時(shí)考慮老城保護(hù)、修補(bǔ)、再

生發(fā)展的動(dòng)力和限制因素，為城市發(fā)展的不確定性留出空間，為后續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)與管理留下“有邊界”的調(diào)適余地。

研究成果最終形成高度視角下的《南京歷史文化名城保護(hù)規(guī)劃（2010）》老城空間形態(tài)保護(hù)深化圖則。圖則報(bào)南京市人民政府批復(fù)（寧政復(fù)[2017]2號(hào)）后，納入南京市人民政府發(fā)布的《南京市老城建筑高度規(guī)劃管理規(guī)定》（寧政規(guī)字[2017]3號(hào)），并于2017年5月開始施行，為南京老城高度的科學(xué)引導(dǎo)與管控提供了依據(jù)?！?/p>

In order to fulfil the requirements of inheriting the famous historical and cultural styles and features of Nanjing and realize the legalisation of height control, this study took 5,569 ownership plots within 40 square kilometres of the old city as the research object, and adopt a technical method of two-way verification of urban design control and assignment calculation based on the height control measures of statutory planning.

6 控高計(jì)算輸出圖/Height control calculation output diagram

10 歷史風(fēng)貌因子/Historical style factor

11 用地規(guī)模因子/Land size factor

7 用地性質(zhì)因子/Land use factor

8 軌道交通因子/Rail transit factor

9 綠地因子/Green space factor

12 地價(jià)因子/Land price factor

In the study, the "integration of height control based on statutory planning" realised the integration of various relevant laws, regulations,and building height control results of approved planning and design. "Urban design control" was based on classic aesthetic principles, focusing on the characteristic style and structure of the old city and perceptual image for key management and control, and formed the core content of"good management" in the improvement of environmental quality. "Assignment calculation"focused on the internal factors and mechanisms of land height differences, established a benchmark digital platform, and provided a standard for the management and control of massive urban height forms with basic quality. The "two-way verification"was to integrate various statutory measures of height control as the benchmark, refer to the image of the style and structure, and cooperate with the regulatory detailed planning authorities and the planning administrative departments to complete the adjustment and optimisation of the assignment results, as well as putting forward proposals and countermeasures of form coordination focusing on the design goals and practical problems.

The study preliminarily realised the unification of the "one map" results related to height control in various statutory planning. Moreover, considering the impetus and restrictive factors of the protection,repair, regeneration and development of the old city,it provided possibility for the uncertainty of urban development and left an adjustable "boundary" for subsequent design and management.

The research results finally formed the deepening plan for the protection of the old city's spatial form in the "Nanjing Conservation Plan of Historical City (2010)" from the height perspective. After being submitted to the Nanjing Municipal People's Government, the plan was approved (Nanjing Administrative Approval [2017] No. 2), and then included in the "Nanjing Old City Building Height Planning Administrative Regulations" (Nanjing Administrative Provision [2017] No. 3) issued by the Nanjing Municipal People's Government, which was implemented in May 2017, playing an important role in realising the scientific guidance and control of the height of the old city in Nanjing.□

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: 王建國，高源，張愚，楊志，李京津等/WANG Jianguo, GAO Yuan, ZHANG Yu, YANG Zhi,LI Jingjin, et al.

項(xiàng)目規(guī)模/Scale: 40 km2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2015-2016

專家評(píng)審會(huì)意見

為實(shí)現(xiàn)南京歷史文化名城保護(hù)與古都風(fēng)貌彰顯、落實(shí)老城功能疏解和容量控制發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、為老城地塊高度控制法定化提供技術(shù)支撐，結(jié)合新形勢(shì)要求，開展該研究是十分必要和及時(shí)的。編制單位現(xiàn)狀調(diào)研深入，技術(shù)路線清晰，內(nèi)容豐富，研究方法科學(xué)客觀，具有創(chuàng)新性和可操作性，是一項(xiàng)具有國內(nèi)領(lǐng)先水平的研究成果，并為后續(xù)工作開展奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。

Jury's Comments

The importance and necessity of carrying out this research is evident in the following aspects: to meet the requirements of the new situation, to realise the protection of the historical and cultural city of Nanjing, to display its features as an ancient capital, to implement the development strategy of the function of the old city and the capacity control, as well as to realise the legalisation of the height control of the old city. The compilation unit conducted in-depth research on the current situation, adopted a clear technical route. In view of the rich content, the scientific and objective research method, which is innovative and manoeuvrable, it is considered a domestic leading research result, and has laid a solid foundation for the follow-up work.

13 高度控制總圖/Height control master plan

15 高度分布結(jié)構(gòu)三維圖/3D map of highly distributed structure

14 高度分布結(jié)構(gòu)平面/Height distribution structure plan

16 高度控制結(jié)果分析————東北方向形態(tài)/Analysis of height control results: northeast form

17 玄武湖天際線設(shè)計(jì)意向/Xuanwu Lake skyline design intention

18 設(shè)計(jì)成果實(shí)施6年后的玄武湖天際線/Xuanwu Lake skyline six years after design implementation（攝影/Photo: 王建國/WANG Jianguo）