鄭亞
過去進行時態(tài)是我們英語考試中經(jīng)常考到的一個重要時態(tài)。對動詞的延續(xù)性與非延續(xù)性,以及從屬連詞when與while的選擇,都是比較困難的要點。要破解這些難點,請同學(xué)們從以下四招著手。
一、過去進行時的意義
過去進行時是表示在過去某一具體時刻正在進行著的動作,強調(diào)某一動作在過去某時正在進行。
Mr. Green was washing his car at nine oclock yesterday morning. 昨天早上九點格林先生在洗他的小汽車。
I was washing my clothes at eight last night. 昨晚八點我正在洗我的衣服。
I was cooking from five to six last night. 昨晚5點到6點我在做飯。
I was reading books all day yesterday. 昨天一整天我都在圖書館讀書。
二、過去進行時的構(gòu)成
過去進行時的謂語部分由“was / were+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成,was / were作助動詞。過去進行時的肯定句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r,將was / were提到句首;變否定句時在was / were后加上not,可以縮寫為wasnt / werent。
The alien was visiting the museum at that moment. 當(dāng)時外星人正在參觀博物館。
Was the alien visiting the museum at that moment? (一般疑問句)
Yes, he was. / No, he wasnt. (肯定和否定回答)
The alien wasnt visiting the museum at that moment. (否定句)
What was the alien doing at that moment?(特殊疑問句)
三、過去進行時的判斷
1. 一般句中用到表示具體動作且為可延續(xù)性的動詞,同時句中用到表示在過去某一具體范圍的時間狀語,如at ten oclock last night, at this time yesterday, at that time, from 7 to 9 last Sunday morning等時,用過去進行時。
The young pioneers were planting trees on a hill at six oclock yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午六點,那些少先隊員在山上植樹。
I was staying here from July to September last year. 去年從七月到九月,我一直待在這里。
2. 在敘述過去差不多同時發(fā)生的兩個動作,用到從屬連詞when或while時,如果一個動作是可延續(xù)性的表具體動作的動詞,而另一個動作是不可延續(xù)性的動詞時,一般可延續(xù)的動詞用過去進行時,而不可延續(xù)的動詞用一般過去時。
While the child was playing basketball on the road, a car hit him. 當(dāng)那個孩子在路上打籃球時,一輛小汽車撞了他。
請比較:
① When the thief came in, I was sleeping.
② The thief came in when I was sleeping.
③ While I was sleeping, the thief came in.
從以上三個句子中我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn):when 后可跟延續(xù)性動詞,也可跟非延續(xù)性動詞;while之后只可跟延續(xù)性動詞。
請再比較:
① The thief was carrying the TV out while I was sleeping.
② While the thief was carrying the TV out, I was sleeping.
從這兩個句子中我們可以看出while的前后都是延續(xù)性動詞。
為了讓同學(xué)們便于記憶,請熟記下面的口訣:
when 后可長亦可短,while之后只可長。
若是兩個都為長,while來把紐帶當(dāng)。
四、過去進行時與一般過去時的區(qū)別
過去進行時強調(diào)某一動作是在過去某時正在進行,一般用到的動詞是表示具體行動,動作是可延續(xù)的,同時用到的時間狀語表示的范圍要小且具體。而一般過去時對謂語動詞沒有限制,用到的時間狀語范圍不受限制,著重表示在過去做過,基本上是一個結(jié)束了的動作。
Mr. Green was mending his daughters bike this morning. 今天早上格林先生在修他女兒的自行車。(強調(diào)動作正在進行)
Mr. Green mended his daughters bike this morning. 今天早上格林先生修了他女兒的自行車。(表明動作做過,并結(jié)束了)
【牛刀小試】
一、用括號中所給單詞的正確形式填空。
1. —I saw the light of your room was still on at two oclock last night.
—Oh, I ____ (watch) a football match of the Russia World Cup.
2. Sorry, Im late. I ____ (talk) with a friend and I completely forgot the time.
3. She ____ (read) an English magazine when I came in.
4. John ____ (work) so hard on his project that he didnt notice his mom enter the room.
5. —Whats the matter, Jack?
—I ____ (fall) down while I ____ (skate) on the ice. I got hurt badly.
二、根據(jù)漢語意思完成英語句子,每空一詞。
1. ——琳達,我今早給你打過電話,但沒人接電話。
——對不起。那時我正在和朋友們踢足球。
—Linda, I ____ you this morning, but nobody answered the phone.
—Im sorry. I ____ ____ football with my friends then.
2. 吉姆的媽媽進來時,他正在做作業(yè)。
When Jims mother ____ in, he ____ ____ his homework.
3. 莎莉給她的朋友們在玩電腦游戲時拍了一張照片。
Sally ____ a photo of her friends ____ they were playing computer games.
4. 我們決定不爬山,因為雨下得很大。
We decided not to climb the mountain because it ____ ____ heavily.
5. 當(dāng)他看到地上有個錢包時,立刻把它撿了起來。
When he ____ a wallet on the ground, he ____ it up at once.
6. 當(dāng)老師進來的時候,學(xué)生們正在大聲說話。
The students ____ ____ loudly ____ the teacher came in.
7. 我爸爸看報紙的時候,我媽媽在打掃房間。
My mother ____ ____ the room ____ my father was reading the newspaper.
8. 我正睡覺的時候,有人敲門。
Someone ____ at the door ____ I was sleeping.
9. 昨天這個時候,湯姆正在做家庭作業(yè)。
Tom ____ ____ homework at home ____ ____ ____ ____.
10. ——昨晚10點鐘你在做什么呢?
——我當(dāng)時正在玩電腦游戲。
—____ ____ ____ ____ at 10:00 last night?
—I ____ ____ computer games.