劉素庚
1. 【句型回顧】Unless I do, we’ll be lost. 如果我不這樣做,我們就會迷路。
【解析】連詞unless意為“除非……如果不……”“除了……”,多引導(dǎo)一個否定意義的真實(shí)條件從句,有時也可引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件從句。unless在意義上相當(dāng)于if...not,因此在有些場合中unless與if...not可互換使用。主句是一般將來時態(tài)時,unless引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。例:
There will be less pollution unless more people use public transportation.
如果沒有更多的人使用公共交通工具,污染就會減少。
Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too busy. = If you are not too busy, let’s go out for a walk.
如果你不忙的話,我們可以出去走走。
【最新中考題】(2020·內(nèi)蒙古·包頭)She says that she’ll have to close the restaurant the business improved.? A. if? ? B. after? ? ?C. unless? ? ?D. when
【答案剖析】句意:她說她將不得不關(guān)閉餐館,除非生意好轉(zhuǎn)。所以選C。
2. 【句型回顧】More recently, most Americans remember what they were doing when the World Trade Center in New York was taken down by terrorists.
最近,大多數(shù)美國人還記得當(dāng)紐約世貿(mào)中心被恐怖分子摧毀時他們在做什么。
【解析】賓語從句根據(jù)連接詞不同大致分為三類:
1)當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時,用that引導(dǎo),that無詞義,在口語或非正式文體中常省略。例:
You tell me (that)you lost the money at school. 你告訴我你在學(xué)校丟了錢。
2)當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時,用if或whether引導(dǎo),意為“是否”。例:
He hasn’t decided if he’ll go on a trip to Wuhan. 他還沒決定是否去武漢旅行。
3)如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句,只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。例:
Do you know which class he is in?你知道他在哪個班嗎?
使用賓語從句應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1)要用陳述語序,即“主句+連詞+賓語從句(主語+謂語+……)”句式。
2)時態(tài)的變化:
①如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的謂語動詞可根據(jù)需要,選用相應(yīng)的某種時態(tài)。例:
I don’t know when he will come back from work. 我不知道他將何時下班。
He tells me that his brother came back yesterday. 他告訴我他哥哥昨天回來了。
②如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時,賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據(jù)需要選用過去的某種時態(tài),即:一般過去時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去將來時或過去完成時的某一種形式。例:
The children didn’t know who he was. 孩子們不知道他是誰。
He asked his father how they would go to the big city.
他問他父親他們?nèi)绾稳ツ莻€大城市。
③如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動作等,不管主句用什么時態(tài),從句時態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時。例:
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
3)人稱、數(shù)與主句應(yīng)保持一致。例:
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. 李明希望他能很快回來。
【最新中考題】1)(2020·江蘇·南通)—Mr. Li, could you please tell me ?
—Sorry, I’m not sure. You can ask Miss Xiao.
A. where was Chinese Kung fu taught
B. how often is the dragon boat race held
C. when the ancient Silk Road started
D. how much is the Chinese painting there
2)(2020·山東·青島)—Lily, could you tell me ?
— About ten minutes.
A. how far is it from your home to school
B. how far it is from your home to school
C. how long does it take you to walk to school
D. how long it takes you to walk to school
【答案剖析】1)tell me后應(yīng)用陳述句語序,排除A,B,D,所以選C。
2)賓語從句用陳述語序,排除A、C。由答語“About ten minutes”可推知是詢問時間,因此選D。how far是詢問距離。
初中生學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)·提升版2021年5期