中國(guó)夢(mèng) The Chinese Dream

李君如

1932年11月，在全國(guó)享有盛譽(yù)的《東方雜志》發(fā)起過一場(chǎng)主題為“于1933年新年大家做一回好夢(mèng)”的征文活動(dòng)。這場(chǎng)征文活動(dòng)，旨在征求兩個(gè)問題的答案：（一）先生夢(mèng)想中的未來中國(guó)是怎樣？（二）先生個(gè)人生活中有什么夢(mèng)想？

In November 1932， Oriental Journal， a magazine of high prestige， published articles with themes such as “Everybody has a dream in the upcoming year of 1933.” The articles were meant to answer two questions： 1. What is the future of China like in your dream？ 2. What dream do you have for your own life？

1933年出版的《東方雜志》頭兩期以大篇幅2刊出了144人的“夢(mèng)想”，其中包括柳亞子、巴金、徐悲鴻、鄒韜奮、郁達(dá)夫、茅盾、老舍、林語堂等大批人盡皆知的知識(shí)分子。

The first two issues of Oriental Journal， published in 1933， dedicated copious amounts of writing to “dreams” of 144 people， including well-known intellectuals such as Liu Yazi， Ba Jin， Xu Beihong， Zou Taofen， Yu Dafu， Mao Dun， Lao She， Lin Yutang.

謝冰瑩（著名女作家，1906—2000）先生在征文中寫道：“我夢(mèng)見一個(gè)沒有國(guó)界，沒有民族，沒有階級(jí)區(qū)別的大同世界3：所有的人無論男女老幼都要工作，這工作是為他們自己，為他們自己的階級(jí)和整個(gè)人類所需要而做的。他們過著很快樂的自由平等的生活;有書讀，有游藝4，有一定的休息時(shí)間，他們享受著自己所生產(chǎn)出來的一切權(quán)利。這里沒有侵略，沒有剝削，沒有嫉妒和欺騙，沒有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和屠殺，有的是共同愉快的生活，努力前進(jìn)的精神！互相幫助，互相親愛，全世界成了一個(gè)組織5。而中國(guó)就是這一組織系統(tǒng)下的細(xì)胞之一，自然也就是沒有國(guó)家，沒有階級(jí)，共同生產(chǎn)，共同消費(fèi)的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家?！?/p>

Xie Bingying （famous female writer， 1906–2000） wrote in her article： “I dream of a stateless world in which there are no boundaries， no nations， and no class distinctions. All members， male or female， old or young， must work for themselves and for the needs of their class and fellow humans. They lead a happy， free， and equal life. They have books， entertainment， and a fair amount of time to rest. They enjoy all the rights they produce for themselves. There is no invasion or exploitation， no jealousy or cheating， no war or slaughter; there is only the spirit to live happily together and drive forward！ Help each other and love each other so that the whole world may become a single entity. Since there will be no states or classes， China will only be a cell of this organization. People will work and consume together in this socialist country.”

羅文干（著名外交家、司法官員，1888—1941）先生在征文中寫道：“政府能統(tǒng)一全國(guó)，免人說我無組織。內(nèi)爭(zhēng)的勇敢毅力，轉(zhuǎn)用來對(duì)外。武官不怕死，文官不貪財(cái)。婦女管理家務(wù)，崇尚勤儉，不學(xué)6摩登。青年勤儉刻苦，不穿洋服，振興國(guó)貨。土匪絕跡，外患消除，四民7安居樂業(yè)，世界共享太平?！?/p>

Luo Wengan （diplomat， judicial official， 1888–1941） wrote in his article： “The government must be able to unify the country so nobody can say that we lack organization. We must redirect the fire from internal conflicts to face foreign invaders. Military officers must not be afraid of death， and civil officials must not be greedy. Women must manage the household with hard work and thrift—abstaining from modern fashion. Young people must work hard， lead a frugal life， and stay away from western-style fashion to help domestic products prosper. Bandits disappear and external threats are cleared. Everybody enjoys a happy and prosperous life， and the world enjoys peace.”

鄭振鐸（著名作家、翻譯家，1898—1958）先生在征文中寫道：“我并沒有什么夢(mèng)想，我不相信有什么叫‘夢(mèng)想的。人類的生活是沿了必然的定律走去的。未來的中國(guó)，我以為，將是一個(gè)偉大的快樂的國(guó)土。因了我們的努力，我們將會(huì)把若干年帝國(guó)主義者們所給予我們的創(chuàng)痕與血跡，醫(yī)滌8得干干凈凈。我們將不再見什么帝國(guó)主義者們的兵艦與軍隊(duì)在中國(guó)內(nèi)地及沿海邊停留著。我們將建設(shè)了一個(gè)偉大的社會(huì)主義的國(guó)家;個(gè)人為了群眾而生存，群眾也為了個(gè)人而生存。軍閥的爭(zhēng)斗，饑餓，水災(zāi)，以及一切苦難，都將成為過去的一夢(mèng)。這并不是什么‘夢(mèng)想，我們努力，便沒有什么不會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的！而現(xiàn)在正是我們和一切惡魔苦斗的時(shí)候！”

Zheng Zhenduo （writer， translator， 1898–1958） wrote in his article： “I dont have any such ‘dream. I dont believe in anything that is called a ‘dream. Human life must progress on a certain principle. I deem that in the future， China will be a great and happy land. With our effort， we will thoroughly cleanse the scars and bloodstains that the imperialists have left on us. We will not see any more imperialist warships and troops stationed in our inner and coastal areas. We will build a great socialist country. The individual exists for the mass and vice versa. Fights among warlords， hunger， floods， and any other tribulations will become something of the past. This is not a ‘dream. As long as we work hard， there is nothing that we cannot achieve！ Now， it is time we fought against these vicious devils！”

這場(chǎng)征文活動(dòng)所反映的情況，可以看出當(dāng)年中國(guó)人的夢(mèng)想是什么。這幾位著名的知識(shí)分子都不是共產(chǎn)黨員，但是他們關(guān)于未來中國(guó)的夢(mèng)想，反映了近代以來在中國(guó)社會(huì)內(nèi)部涌動(dòng)著并緊密結(jié)合在一起的愛國(guó)主義和社會(huì)主義兩大進(jìn)步思潮的要求，凝結(jié)著近代以來中國(guó)人的理想和中國(guó)不以任何人意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的走向9。? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?□

These articles reflected the dreams that Chinese people had in those years. The distinguished intellectuals who wrote the articles were not members of the Communist Party， but their dreams of Chinas future reflected two progressive ideologies in Chinese society—patriotism and socialism. They crystallized the ideals of modern Chinese people and demonstrated that those ideals could not be swayed.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?■

1王之光，本文作者，浙大寧波理工學(xué)院副教授。本文節(jié)選自《中國(guó)夢(mèng)，什么夢(mèng)》（外文出版社，2015年）。張靜燕，本文注釋者。? 2“以大篇幅”通常會(huì)譯為in a large space，這里將狀語轉(zhuǎn)譯成定語。? 3“大同世界”譯為a stateless world與上下文意思符合。? 4“有書讀，有游藝”意為“They have books to read， entertainment to enjoy”，此處為減譯。

5“組織”通常譯為organization，此處譯為entity（實(shí)體）稍作詮釋。? 6此處“不學(xué)”轉(zhuǎn)譯為abstain from[（自我克制地）戒除;不（做）]，更加符合原文的意思。? 7“四民”是古代中國(guó)政府對(duì)平民職業(yè)的基本分工，指士（讀書人）、農(nóng)、工、商，此處泛指“所有人”，譯為everybody。

8 cleanse有清洗（傷口）的意思，更有“使凈化”的意思，除了文中的“洗去”（創(chuàng)痕與血跡）之意，隱含了精神上的“凈化”之意。? 9此句中文只有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞“凝結(jié)著”，此處意譯為crystallize，同時(shí)，為使句子平衡，增譯了一個(gè)動(dòng)詞demonstrate。