潘麗麗
摘要:知名校長李金池在《中國課堂的奇跡》提出了著名的“精中”高效“6+1”課堂,本文簡稱之為課堂“6+1”模式。本文首先從總體感知與解讀課堂“6+1”模式;次而,提煉課堂“6+1”教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)的精義;最后,實(shí)踐和呈現(xiàn)高中英語課堂的導(dǎo)學(xué)提綱,以期能更精簡地理解課堂“6+1”模式要義,同時(shí)能指導(dǎo)中小學(xué)的教育教學(xué)實(shí)踐。
關(guān)鍵詞:課堂“6+1”模式;教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié);導(dǎo)學(xué)提綱
一、課堂“6+1”模式的總體感知與解讀
1、課堂“6+1”模式的本質(zhì)指向構(gòu)建以學(xué)生為主體的學(xué)堂。學(xué)生是課堂的主人,教師是課堂的導(dǎo)演。
2、課堂“6+1”的腳本和載體是《導(dǎo)學(xué)提綱》。學(xué)生依據(jù)《導(dǎo)學(xué)提綱》進(jìn)行“演繹”,教師依據(jù)《導(dǎo)學(xué)提綱》進(jìn)行“編導(dǎo)”。
3、每一節(jié)“6+1”課堂都是有嚴(yán)格流程的創(chuàng)造。
4、課堂“6+1”模式是被實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)了的,正確高效并符合學(xué)習(xí)規(guī)律的課堂模式。
二、課堂“6+1”教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)的精義提煉:導(dǎo)、思、議、展、評、檢、練
(一)導(dǎo),包括導(dǎo)入和導(dǎo)學(xué)(簡)
1、導(dǎo)入,要簡潔有效,實(shí)現(xiàn)舊知向新知的導(dǎo)入,并激發(fā)好奇心。
2、導(dǎo)學(xué),明確學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)、學(xué)習(xí)重難點(diǎn),以及對《導(dǎo)學(xué)提綱》自學(xué)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行說明和指導(dǎo)。
(二)思,自學(xué)和深思(靜)
學(xué)生依據(jù)《導(dǎo)學(xué)提綱》的路徑圖,在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行自學(xué)和深思。
(三)議,對議題討論(活)
自主學(xué)習(xí)后,教師將提前準(zhǔn)備(有價(jià)值的)議題,立即通過PPT呈現(xiàn),讓全體學(xué)生起立討論。
(四)展,展示自學(xué)和深思的結(jié)果(躍)
1、討論結(jié)束,教師立即通過PPT出示展示內(nèi)容和要求。
2、激情展示開始,學(xué)生按照既定的規(guī)則或站立口頭表述,或走上講臺板演。
3、理科要達(dá)到5人次以上,文科要達(dá)到7人次以上。
(五)評,教師精講(精要)
1、激情展示后,教師側(cè)重規(guī)律和方法的歸納總結(jié),對易混點(diǎn)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),補(bǔ)充未展示的內(nèi)容,構(gòu)建本節(jié)的內(nèi)容的知識網(wǎng)。
2、語速適當(dāng),當(dāng)講必講,講貴在精,力爭不說一句廢話。
(六)檢,反芻內(nèi)化(整合)
1、距下課4分鐘時(shí),教師通過PPT告知學(xué)生進(jìn)入“檢”的環(huán)節(jié)。
2、學(xué)生自檢2.5分鐘,對當(dāng)堂所學(xué)的知識點(diǎn)、方法和規(guī)律進(jìn)行回顧,反芻內(nèi)化。
3、繼而,教師通過PPT或口頭提出問題,學(xué)生短暫思考后回答,教師也可點(diǎn)號回答,如果回答正確,給小組加分,回答錯誤給小組扣分。(不可或缺,不可拖堂)
(七)練,練習(xí)做題(遷移)
課外(自習(xí)課)進(jìn)行,通過練習(xí)、作業(yè)或活動等多種形式讓學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識,最終達(dá)到學(xué)以致用的目的。
三、6+1的教學(xué)載體《導(dǎo)學(xué)提綱》
(一)導(dǎo)學(xué)提綱的內(nèi)容
【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】
【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】
【導(dǎo)學(xué)流程】
Ⅰ了解感知:回顧、學(xué)習(xí)、鋪墊
Ⅱ深入學(xué)習(xí):強(qiáng)化識記、分析、推理、歸納,以致夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)、總結(jié)規(guī)律和方法。
Ⅲ遷移運(yùn)用:利用已有的知識、技能和方法解決問題。
【合作學(xué)習(xí)設(shè)計(jì)】
合作學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容及合作學(xué)習(xí)要求,要求是指采用何種形式和方法,達(dá)到何種程度的描述,如“借助提綱中...,組議...規(guī)律”、“兩人在討論...基礎(chǔ)上,互相檢查...,并構(gòu)建知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)等”。
【展示設(shè)計(jì)】
展示重中之重的問題、一題多解的問題、易混點(diǎn)、典型性。能在小組解決的問題就不要展示了。
學(xué)生按照既定的規(guī)則或站立口頭表述,或走上講臺板演。教師通過激勵性語言、表情和肢體動作,激賞勇于展示的學(xué)生,鼓勵其他學(xué)生質(zhì)疑、挑戰(zhàn)、糾錯、補(bǔ)充。
導(dǎo)學(xué)提綱在英語教學(xué)實(shí)踐中的運(yùn)用
Unit3 Living legends (Period 1)
班級____________姓名_______________小組_______________
【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】
1.To understand the text
2.To improve the reading ability
【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】
1.Figure out the main idea?of the text and summarize the structure of the text.
2.Capture the detail information about the text.
3.Appreciate(理解) the presentation skills(表達(dá)技巧) of the article.
【導(dǎo)學(xué)流程】
Ⅰ了解感知——to get the main idea and the structure of the text
1.What’s the main idea of the text?
A.It’s about living legends,Lang Ping and Michael Jordan.
B.It’s about volleyball games.
C.It’s about basketball games.
D.It’s about the Boys and Girls Club.
2.Divide passage 1 into 4 parts.
3.Divide passage 2 into 3 parts.
Ⅱ深入學(xué)習(xí)——to capture the detail information
1.Decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F).
①Lang Ping has brought honour to the country as a volleyball player and coach.(?)
②It was a great challenge that Lang Ping was injured.(?)
2.What did Lang Ping do when she lost two important players?
A.She could not face the difficulties and lost heart.
B.She encouraged her players to work together.
C.She chose another two players to join the team.
D.She became the best coach in the world.
3.Which of the followingis TRUE about Lang Ping according to the passage?
A.She is the best player of China women’s volleyball team now.
B.She led the team to champions in the 2015 World Cup in Brazil.
C.She once had heart problems in the Olympics.
D.She brought honour and glory to our country as a player and a coach.
4.What do you think of Lang Ping?
__________________________________________
5.Why is Michael Jordan called“Air Jordan”?
A.Because his feet are easy to leave the ground.
B.Because his moves and jumps are unique.
C.Because his physical strength is powerful.
D.Because his moves are soft and gentle.
6.What does Jordan think of failures in his life?
He considers the secret to success is ________________.
7. Appreciate the presentation skills of the text.
(1) As a player…?As a coach…?As a person…(排比 Row sentences)
(2)…time seemd to stand still.(夸張擬人 personification)
(3)“I can accept failure…”(直接引語 direct speech)
Ⅲ遷移運(yùn)用
Guess the meaning “as” according to the context.
1、prep.介詞
as a player__________
be known as?___________
2、conj.連詞
(1)As you can see,we are still working.________
(2)My mother was cooking fish as I arrived home.___________
(3)s rain has fallen, the air is cooler.______________
(4)Young as he is,he has been one of the most famous painters in our country.
(5)Do as the Romans do when in Rome.
3、關(guān)系代詞
This is the same game as I played yesterday._________
【合作學(xué)習(xí)設(shè)計(jì)】
1.According to the context in Guiding outline,summarize the usage of?“as”.
根據(jù)《導(dǎo)學(xué)提綱》的語境,總結(jié)as的用法。
2.According to the main idea and the structure of the two passages,draw mind maps of the two passages.(two students Check each other)
根據(jù)文章的主要意思和結(jié)構(gòu),畫思維導(dǎo)圖。兩人一組,互相檢查。
3.Through the spirits we have learnt from Lang Ping and Jordan,discuss in groups to form 4 sentences how to become a person with lofty ideal and adhere to the road forwards.
根據(jù)我們從郎平和喬丹身上學(xué)到的運(yùn)動員精神,小組討論我們?nèi)绾稳プ鲆粋€(gè)擁有遠(yuǎn)大理想并堅(jiān)持前行的人呢?(形成4個(gè)句子)
【展示設(shè)計(jì)】
1、as 作為連詞的用法總結(jié)。
2、表達(dá)遠(yuǎn)大理想,堅(jiān)持前行的句子。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]李金池.中國課堂的奇跡[M].南京:南京大學(xué)出版社.2014.4