國家大屠殺紀(jì)念碑

項(xiàng)目地址：加拿大，渥太華

建設(shè)單位：加拿大政府

占地面積：0.79英畝

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：Studio Libeskind

時(shí)間：2017年

Project location: Ottawa, Canada

Client: Canadian Government

Floor Area: 0.79 Acres

Architectural Design: Studio Libeskind

Date: 2017

國家大屠殺紀(jì)念碑將紀(jì)念在納粹政權(quán)下被殺害的數(shù)百萬無辜的男人、女人和兒童，并表彰那些最終得以在加拿大安家的幸存者。這座紀(jì)念碑是一種結(jié)合了建筑、藝術(shù)、景觀和學(xué)術(shù)的體驗(yàn)，它創(chuàng)造了一種與人類歷史上最黑暗的篇章不斷變化的接觸，同時(shí)傳遞了人類持久力量和生存的強(qiáng)大信息。

建筑師丹尼爾·里伯斯金說:“能夠與一個(gè)不可思議的團(tuán)隊(duì)一起設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)紀(jì)念碑是非常有意義的?！薄斑@座紀(jì)念碑不僅為紀(jì)念那些在大屠殺中被殺害的人創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)非常重要的公共空間，而且它還不斷提醒人們，今天的世界正受到反猶太主義、種族主義和偏見的威脅。加拿大無論種族、階級(jí)或信仰如何，都堅(jiān)持人民的基本民主價(jià)值觀。這座國家紀(jì)念碑就是這些原則和未來的體現(xiàn)?！?/p>

這座占地0.79英畝的建筑位于加拿大戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)博物館對(duì)面的布斯街和威靈頓街的拐角處，將博物館與國會(huì)城的歷史中心連接起來?，F(xiàn)澆現(xiàn)露的混凝土紀(jì)念碑是一個(gè)體驗(yàn)環(huán)境，由六個(gè)三角形的混凝土體塊組成，形成一個(gè)星形的點(diǎn)。這顆星星仍然是大屠殺的視覺標(biāo)志——納粹強(qiáng)迫數(shù)百萬猶太人佩戴這個(gè)標(biāo)志，以表明他們是猶太人，將他們排除在人類之外，并標(biāo)記他們將被滅絕。這些三角形的空間代表了納粹及其合作者用來標(biāo)記同性戀者、羅姆辛蒂人、耶和華見證人以及政治和宗教謀殺犯的徽章。

The National Holocaust Monument will honor the millions of innocent men, women and children who were murdered under the Nazi regime and recognize those survivors who were able to eventually make Canada their home. The Monument is an experience that combines architecture, art, landscape and scholarship in ways that create an-ever changing engagement with one of the darkest chapters of human history while conveying a powerful message of humanity's enduring strength and survival.

"It is extremely meaningful to have been able to design and realize this monument with an incredible team," said architect Daniel Libeskind. "This monument not only creates a very important public space for the remembrance of those who were murdered in the Holocaust,but it also serves as a constant reminder that today's world is threatened by anti-Semitism,racism and bigotry. Canada has upheld the fundamental democratic values of people regardless of race, class or creed, and this national monument is the expression of those principles and of the future," added Libeskind.

Centrally located at the corner of Booth and Wellington Streets across from the Canadian War Museum, the 0.79 acre site connects the museum to the historic center of the capitol city.The cast-in-place, exposed concrete Monument is conceived as an experiential environment comprised of six triangular, concrete volumes configured to create the points of a star. The star remains the visual symbol of the Holocaust — a symbol that millions of Jews were forced to wear by the Nazi's to identify them as Jews, exclude them from humanity and mark them for extermination. The triangular spaces are representative of the badges the Nazi's and their collaborators used to label homosexuals, Roma-Sinti, Jehovah’s Witnesses and political and religious prisoners for murder.

紀(jì)念碑由兩個(gè)不同意義的物理地面組成:指向未來的上升平面;和下降的平面，引導(dǎo)游客到室內(nèi)空間，專注于沉思和記憶。六個(gè)三角形的混凝土形式在紀(jì)念碑內(nèi)提供了特定的項(xiàng)目區(qū)域:具有加拿大大屠殺歷史特色的解釋空間;三個(gè)獨(dú)立的冥想空間;大型的中心聚集空間和定位空間;高聳的天空空間以永恒的紀(jì)念之火為特征，一個(gè)14米高的形式將游客包圍在一個(gè)像教堂一樣的空間中，并從上方勾勒出天空。

愛德華·伯汀斯基(Edward Burtynsky)的大尺度、單色的大屠殺遺址攝影景觀——死亡集中營、殺戮場(chǎng)和森林——都用精確的細(xì)節(jié)畫在每個(gè)三角形空間的混凝土墻上。這些令人回味的壁畫旨在引導(dǎo)游客，并創(chuàng)造另一個(gè)維度到傾斜的墻壁和迷宮般的走廊的內(nèi)部空間。

希望樓梯從中心聚集空間升起，穿過顯著傾斜的墻壁，指向議會(huì)大樓的上廣場(chǎng);這一姿態(tài)承認(rèn)和承認(rèn)加拿大的幸存者，他們?yōu)榧幽么笞鞒隽撕艽筘暙I(xiàn)，在揭露國家支持的種族滅絕的危險(xiǎn)方面繼續(xù)發(fā)揮重要作用。

在紀(jì)念碑的周圍，各種各樣的針葉樹將從布滿巖石的鵝卵石地上形成一個(gè)粗糙的景觀。這一景觀將隨時(shí)間演變，代表著加拿大幸存者及其子女對(duì)加拿大的貢獻(xiàn)。

由紐約的Focus Lighting設(shè)計(jì)的燈光為游客創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)戲劇性而寧靜的氛圍。到了晚上，大型壁畫成為巨大的傾斜墻壁的中心部分，中央的希望樓梯是通向街道的發(fā)光燈塔，由國會(huì)大廈的框架構(gòu)成。燈光設(shè)計(jì)將建筑語言與溫馨舒適的環(huán)境融為一體。間接光源的戰(zhàn)略性使用使光線從建筑特征中散發(fā)出來，而不分散觀眾的體驗(yàn)。

The Monument is organized with two physical ground planes that are differentiated by meaning: the ascending plane that points to the future; and the descending plane that leads visitors to the interiors spaces that are dedicated to contemplation and memory. Six triangular concrete forms provide specific program areas within the Monument: the interpretation space that features the Canadian history of the Holocaust; three individual contemplation spaces; a large central gathering and orientation space;and the towering Sky Void that features the eternal Flame of Remembrance, a 14 meter-high form that encloses the visitor in a cathedral-like space and frames the sky from above.

Edward Burtynsky's large scale, monochromatic photographic landscapes of current day Holocaust sites — death camps, killing fields and forests — are painted with exacting detail on the concrete walls of each of the triangular spaces. These evocative murals aim to transport the visitor and create another dimensionality to the interiors spaces of canted walls and labyrinth-like corridors.

The Stair of Hope rises from the central gathering space, cuts through a dramatically inclined wall and points at the upper plaza towards the Parliament Buildings; a gesture that recognizes and acknowledges the Canadian survivors who have contributed much to Canada and who continued to play an important role in exposing the dangers of state sponsored genocide.

Surrounding the monument, a rough landscape of various coniferous trees will emerge from the rocky pebbled ground. This landscape will evolve over time representative of how Canadian survivors and their children have contributed to Canada.

Lighting design by New York-based Focus Lighting creates a dramatic yet serene atmosphere for visitors.By night the large-scale murals become the center piece of the massive angled walls and the central Stair of Hope is a glowing beacon leading up to the street and framed by the Parliament Building. The lighting design threads together the architectural language with an intimate and comfortable environment.Strategic use of indirect sources allows light to emanate from architectural features without distracting from the viewer’s experience.