吳劍 高玉雪 楊鵬翔 郭向華
[摘要] 目的 調(diào)查北方漢族與蒙古族人群α-輔肌動(dòng)蛋白3(ACTN3)基因R577X多態(tài)性頻率分布特征。 方法 2019年9—11月選擇在北京佑安醫(yī)院參與健康體檢的北方漢族人群85名和包頭醫(yī)學(xué)院蒙古族2019級(jí)預(yù)科班的健康體檢人群58名作為研究對(duì)象。用高通量熒光實(shí)時(shí)定量聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)分析不同種族、性別ACTN3基因R577X多態(tài)性。 結(jié)果 3種基因型在不同組人群中均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。北方漢族基因型頻率(RR)、等位基因頻率(R)高于蒙古族人群,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。北方漢族、蒙古族人群不同性別ACTN3基因R577X基因型分布比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。北方漢族與蒙古族不同性別的不同基因型頻率、等位基因頻率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。 結(jié)論 北方漢族與蒙古族人群ACTN3基因R577X基因型頻率和等位基因頻率差異與性別無(wú)關(guān),與爆發(fā)力相關(guān)的RR基因型頻率在北方漢族人群中較高,反映耐力的XX基因型頻率在蒙古族人群中較高。
[關(guān)鍵字] α-輔肌動(dòng)蛋白3;多態(tài)性;基因;北方漢族人群;蒙古族人群
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R394.112? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2020)09(a)-0038-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the frequency distribution characteristics of α-actinin 3 (ACTN3) gene R577X polymorphism in northern HanZú and MongguZú populations. Methods From September to November 2019, a total of 85 northern HanZú people who participated in the health checkup at Beijing You′an Hospital and a total of 58 health checkup population from the 2019 preparatory class of MongguZú in Baotou Medical College were selected as the research objects. High-throughput fluorescence real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the R577X polymorphism of ACTN3 gene of different races and genders. Results The three genotypes were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in different groups of people. The genotype frequency (RR) and allele frequency (R) of the northern HanZú population were higher than those of the MengguZú population, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of ACTN3 gene R577X genotypes between different genders of northern HanZú and MongguZú (P > 0.05). The differences in different genotype frequencies, and different allele frequencies were no statically signifrcant between the northern HanZú and the MongguZú in different genders (P > 0.05). Conclusion The differences in ACTN3 gene R577X genotype frequency and allele frequency between northern HanZú and MongguZú populations have nothing to do with gender. RR genotype frequency related to explosive power is higher in northern HanZú population, while XX genotype frequency reflecting endurance in MongguZú population is higher.
[Key words] α-actinin 3; Polymorphism; Gene; Northern HanZú population; MongguZú population
近年來(lái),關(guān)于基因多態(tài)性與健康相關(guān)性研究已被大量報(bào)道,其中與運(yùn)動(dòng)相關(guān)基因有數(shù)十個(gè),主要影響機(jī)體結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的敏感性差異[1-4]。其中α-輔肌動(dòng)蛋白3(α-actinin-3,ACTN3)基因被廣泛關(guān)注,表達(dá)在骨骼肌快速糖酵解的Ⅱx纖維,ACTN3基因R577X多態(tài)性存在3種基因型,分別為RR型、RX型和XX型[5]。該基因多態(tài)性與有氧和無(wú)氧高度相關(guān),影響肌肉纖維的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能[6-7]。研究顯示[10-11],577R等位基因與肌肉高速收縮呈正相關(guān)[8-9],而XX基因型與耐力密切相關(guān)。在我國(guó)ACTN3基因多態(tài)性研究對(duì)象主要集中于特殊人群,如運(yùn)動(dòng)員、軍人等[12-15],北方漢族和蒙古族是否存在A(yíng)CTN3基因多態(tài)性差異鮮見(jiàn)報(bào)道,而蒙古族在歷史上屬于北方游牧民族。因此,本研究旨在探索北方漢族和蒙古族人群因歷史生活習(xí)性是否存在A(yíng)CTN3基因多態(tài)性差異。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
2019年9—11月選擇在北京佑安醫(yī)院參與健康體檢的北方漢族人群85名(男40名,女45名)和包頭醫(yī)學(xué)院蒙古族2019級(jí)預(yù)科班的健康體檢人群58名(男28名,女30名)作為研究對(duì)象,年齡18~21歲。北方漢族人群其雙親均為漢族且本人與雙親均無(wú)游牧習(xí)性;蒙古族人群其雙親均為蒙古族且本人與雙親均有游牧習(xí)性,未經(jīng)任何專(zhuān)業(yè)訓(xùn)練。研究方案經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),研究對(duì)象知情同意并簽署知情同意書(shū)。
1.2 方法
采集清潔口腔唾液2 mL,加入2 mL核酸裂解保護(hù)液后轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)到北京市肝病研究所利用唾液核酸提取試劑盒提取核酸(百泰克,貨號(hào):DP7001)。取唾液900 μL,加入400 μL緩沖液VB;加入20 μL蛋白酶K,渦旋10 s,65℃放置25 min,其間渦旋數(shù)次;加入400 μL結(jié)合液CB,充分混勻,70℃放置10 min,3000 r/min離心30 s;加200 μL無(wú)水乙醇,充分混勻,3000 r/min離心30 s;將所得溶液加入微量吸附柱中,12 000 r/min離心30 s,棄廢液,加500 μL抑制物去除液IR,12 000 r/min離心30 s,棄廢液;加700 μL漂洗液WB,12 000 r/min離心30 s,棄廢液;加500 μL漂洗液WB,12 000 r/min離心30 s,棄廢液。吸附柱室溫放置數(shù)分鐘;將其轉(zhuǎn)入新的離心管中,滴加40 μL緩沖液EB,室溫放置2~5 min,12 000 r/min離心2 min。
1.3 高通量健康基因檢測(cè)
由富魯達(dá)公司設(shè)計(jì)與人類(lèi)健康相關(guān)基因單核苷酸多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)96個(gè),探針192條,其中ACTN3探針引物見(jiàn)表1。檢測(cè)設(shè)備為富魯達(dá)的Biomark HD,具體操作:樣品和探針引物混合液分別加到微流體動(dòng)態(tài)芯片中,微流體動(dòng)態(tài)芯片置于上樣機(jī),可自動(dòng)將樣品和探針引物混合液上樣至反應(yīng)倉(cāng)中,將微流體動(dòng)態(tài)芯片放置Biomark HD實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)系統(tǒng)中,進(jìn)行聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)和收集數(shù)據(jù);利用軟件分析結(jié)果及進(jìn)行基因型判定。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 22.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料以例數(shù)或百分比表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 北方漢族與蒙古族人群ACTN3基因多態(tài)性頻率分布比較
北方漢族和蒙古族人群ACTN3基因頻率符合遺傳法則(χ2=0.198、0.052,P > 0.05)。北方漢族與蒙古族人群不同基因型頻率、不同等位基因頻率比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
2.2 不同性別ACTN3基因多態(tài)性頻率分布比較
北方漢族人群不同性別ACTN3基因頻率符合遺傳法則(χ2=0.026、0.211,P > 0.05);蒙古族人群不同性別ACTN3基因R577X基因型分布比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2 = 0.103、0.000,P > 0.05)。北方漢族與蒙古族不同性別人群中,不同基因型頻率、不同等位基因頻率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。
3 討論
ACTN3是肌動(dòng)蛋白的結(jié)合蛋白,ACTN3基因R577X多態(tài)性指一個(gè)未成熟的終止密碼子造成16號(hào)外顯子第1747位核苷酸存在C→T的轉(zhuǎn)換,精氨酸密碼子被取代,從而使攜帶純合型X等位基因者ACTN3缺失,表現(xiàn)為較低的快肌纖維比率[5,16-20]。研究顯示ACTN3 R577X與肌肉力量/爆發(fā)力相關(guān),577R等位基因和爆發(fā)力、力量能力有顯著的關(guān)聯(lián),而577X等位基因與耐力密切相關(guān)[8-10,21-22]。Yang等[10]發(fā)現(xiàn)澳大利亞優(yōu)秀速度力量型運(yùn)動(dòng)員R等位基因頻率顯著高于X等位基因,而杰出耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)員XX基因型頻率顯著高于速度力量型運(yùn)動(dòng)員。Niemi等[23]在分析ACTN3基因R577X多態(tài)性的關(guān)聯(lián)性中發(fā)現(xiàn),速度運(yùn)動(dòng)員XX基因型頻率低于耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)員。然而,近期在698名高加索運(yùn)動(dòng)員研究顯示[24],ACTN3 XX基因型在競(jìng)技耐力跑比賽中所表現(xiàn)出的優(yōu)勢(shì)不顯著。
由于A(yíng)CTN3基因R577X多態(tài)性存在種族、地域、生活習(xí)性等多因素差異,不同種族或地域的人群在XX基因型的分布頻率可能具有顯著差異。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)伊朗人ACTN3基因R577X等位基因分布更接近高加索人,可能與古代人類(lèi)從伊朗高原向歐洲遷徙路線(xiàn)相關(guān)[25]。在我國(guó)非運(yùn)動(dòng)員中ACTN3 R577X多態(tài)性的相關(guān)性研究目前鮮見(jiàn)報(bào)道。
本研究雖然樣本數(shù)量相對(duì)少,但經(jīng)Hardy-Weinberg平衡檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,仍可以作為北方漢族與蒙古族人群ACTN3基因R577X多態(tài)性頻率分布的代表。北方漢族與蒙古族人群基因型及等位基因分布頻率與性別無(wú)關(guān),與運(yùn)動(dòng)爆發(fā)力相關(guān)的R577R頻率在蒙古族中低于北方漢族人群。相反,反映運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力的X577X頻率在蒙古族中高于北方漢族。北方漢族與蒙古族人群ACTN3基因多態(tài)性頻率分布差異可能與蒙古族游牧習(xí)性相關(guān),但是否與歷史上游牧習(xí)性要求他們有更好的運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力有待于進(jìn)一步大樣本研究。
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(收稿日期:2020-06-04)
中國(guó)醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào)2020年25期