高三英語(yǔ)閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句分析策略及學(xué)以致用實(shí)操訓(xùn)練之學(xué)案初探

岳燕

本案是基于英語(yǔ)學(xué)科備考育人過(guò)程中所應(yīng)圍繞的核心必備知識(shí)、關(guān)鍵能力和學(xué)科素養(yǎng)而展開(kāi)的思考設(shè)計(jì)，做了本次關(guān)于高三備考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句分析策略及學(xué)以致用實(shí)操訓(xùn)練的課程指導(dǎo)探索和嘗試。本案設(shè)計(jì)目的是有效幫助高三學(xué)生解決閱讀英文文本中遇到的長(zhǎng)難句分析理解問(wèn)題，希望同學(xué)們?cè)谡莆樟吮景杆笇?dǎo)的分析思路和方法后能快速判斷長(zhǎng)難句中修飾性成分，準(zhǔn)確找到句子主干，從而明確主旨大意，準(zhǔn)確答題。文本練習(xí)素材取自高考真題，希望本案對(duì)高三備考教學(xué)具有一定啟發(fā)和指導(dǎo)意義。學(xué)案設(shè)計(jì)如下：

Teaching and learning targets：

1.Enable students to recognize the basic English sentence structures from the long and difficult sentences;

2.Help students to have a command of the approaches to simplifying the long and difficult sentences and analyzing the sentences precisely so that they can better understand the meaning of each sentence;

3.Students can apply the skills and strategies learned today to practice.

一、分析長(zhǎng)難句的前提是先能準(zhǔn)確判斷簡(jiǎn)單句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和類(lèi)型，其次是能識(shí)別什么是依附于句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾性成分

Warming up：Observe the following sentences and judge the sentence structures.

1.The idea sounds interesting.The idea to travel abroad sounds very interesting.? ?What he suggested sounds interesting.

2.The car stopped.Suddenly，the car stopped at that moment.The car stopped when the traffic light turned red.

3.Foreigners study Chinese.To be honest，many foreigners study Chinese nowadays because China has become an influential country around the world.

4.He gave me two books.He，my best friend， gave me two books which are written by Lu Xun.

5...6...7...8...

Reflection 1：What makes the simple sentence structures complicated？What are their functions？

Summary _______________________________________________________________________________

Reflection 2：How to simplify the long and difficult sentences ？

Summary ：_______________________________________________________________________________

二、針對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句分析練習(xí)進(jìn)行分類(lèi)指導(dǎo)練習(xí)，讓學(xué)生更清晰地認(rèn)識(shí)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，分析判斷思維更成體系

Sorted exercises ：make sure you use the core rules and effective methods to analyse the following sentences.

1.含有較多修飾成分的__________

Having chosen family television programs and womens magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific womens magazines to be used.

2...3...4...5...

三、有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法指導(dǎo)必須配上精選的練習(xí)，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生合作學(xué)習(xí)分析判斷長(zhǎng)難句

Consolidation exercises：apply what your have learned to analysing the following sentences.

1.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons---a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States，making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world.

Main idea ：__________________________________________________________________________________

2...3....4...5...

四、學(xué)以致用，方可真正收獲真知

1. Back in 1983， as two scientists reported， young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.（2017年全國(guó)二卷）

What does a plant do when it is under attack？

A.It makes noise.? ? ?B.It gets help from other plants.

C. It stands quietly.? ?D. It sends out certain chemicals.

...

重要的學(xué)習(xí)策略和指導(dǎo)思想要有效被掌握并傳承，需要經(jīng)典濃縮的方法概括和總結(jié)。這樣既方便教師有效指導(dǎo)學(xué)生，也方便學(xué)生記憶學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用。因此，本人結(jié)合教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)積累及感悟，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行如下思維記憶指導(dǎo)。

長(zhǎng)難句分析指導(dǎo)思想：跳過(guò)修飾成分，迅速找出主謂結(jié)構(gòu)——先化長(zhǎng)為短，化繁為簡(jiǎn);再尋關(guān)聯(lián)，辨邏輯，準(zhǔn)確翻譯。實(shí)操策略：①“一劃”主干;②“二括”：介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)、連詞從句和插入語(yǔ)及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào);③“三會(huì)意”：明確主干句意。

本人在高三英語(yǔ)備考教學(xué)中使用本案后，思考如下：

一部分學(xué)生的詞匯和語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)較薄弱，盡管擁有了有效的指導(dǎo)方法，但詞匯和語(yǔ)法卻成了阻礙學(xué)生繼續(xù)深入學(xué)習(xí)認(rèn)知，強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)能力和優(yōu)化思維判斷路上的“攔路虎”。因此，本案更適合實(shí)驗(yàn)小尖班學(xué)生。另外，高三各種備考策略的指導(dǎo)和有效運(yùn)用的前提，必須有扎實(shí)的詞匯和語(yǔ)法作保障。否則，老師們費(fèi)盡心思給學(xué)生傳授的“大招”、“套路”，學(xué)生接受不了，也不上道兒。學(xué)生若想在高三有英語(yǔ)學(xué)科學(xué)習(xí)能力的突飛猛進(jìn)就必須在高一、高二學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，基礎(chǔ)夯實(shí)了，能力才能得以提升，學(xué)習(xí)思維才能進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化，最終，全面實(shí)現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)的目標(biāo)和要求。