基于個體與社區(qū)的居民超重雙層影響因素

陶小芳　朱戰(zhàn)強(qiáng)　周素紅

摘要：基于廣州市26個典型社區(qū)的706份調(diào)查問卷，結(jié)合社區(qū)環(huán)境調(diào)查，采用多層線性回歸模型分析居民超重的影響因素、居民超重的社區(qū)差異及其成因。結(jié)果表明，居民超重率為32.15%。個體因素方面，年齡與超重概率正相關(guān)，已婚居民超重概率高于未婚居民，中下收入居民超重概率高于高收入居民，散步健身時間與超重概率負(fù)相關(guān)。社區(qū)環(huán)境方面，社區(qū)周邊公園廣場數(shù)量與超重概率負(fù)相關(guān)，保障性住房和歷史街區(qū)居民的超重概率高于商品房社區(qū)居民。此外，社區(qū)周邊健身場所數(shù)量與超重概率正相關(guān)，結(jié)果與常識不符，原因可能是超重居民存在主動健身行為。居民超重存在社區(qū)差異，社區(qū)健身環(huán)境可以解釋社區(qū)差異的2.03%，社區(qū)健身環(huán)境和社區(qū)類型可以共同解釋44.91%。總之，個體因素和社區(qū)環(huán)境共同影響超重，應(yīng)從個體和社區(qū)兩個層面對居民超重進(jìn)行調(diào)控。

關(guān)鍵詞：超重;影響因素;社區(qū)環(huán)境;廣州市

中圖分類號：R363.1+6 ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A

文章編號：0439-8114（2020）05-0191-06

Abstract： Based on 706 questionnaires collected from 26 typical communities in Guangzhou city，combined with community environmental survey， the residents' overweight prevalence and its influencing factors were investigated， as well as the community difference of overweight and its causes using multilevel linear regression model. The results showed that the overweight rate was 32.15%. In terms of individual factors， age was positively correlated with overweight probability. Married residents had a higher overweight probability than unmarried residents. The overweight probability of high-income residents was lower than that of lower-middle income residents. Walking fitness time was negatively correlated with overweight probability. In terms of the community environment， the number of park and squares around the community was negatively correlated with overweight probability. The residents overweight probability in indemnificatory housing and historic districts was higher than that of residents in commercial housing communities.Besides， the number of physical activity facilities around the community was positively correlated with overweight probability which defied common sense and the reason of this phenomenon was probably that overweight residents took the initiative to physical activities. There were community differences in residents overweight probability. Community physical activity environment could explain 2.03% of the community differences， while community physical activity environment and residential type could jointly explain 44.91% of the community differences. In a word，residents overweight probability was affected by both individual and community factors so its important to regulate excess weight at both levels.

Key words： overweight; influencing factors; community environment; Guangzhou city

據(jù)《中國居民營養(yǎng)與健康狀況調(diào)查報告（2015）》，中國居民超重率從2002年的17.3%增長到2012年的42.0%，超重、肥胖引發(fā)的高血脂、糖尿病等多種疾病威脅人類健康[1]。2016年習(xí)近平總書記在全國衛(wèi)生與健康大會上指出要積極推進(jìn)健康社區(qū)、健康村鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展;2016年國務(wù)院發(fā)布的《全民健身計劃（2016—2020年）》提出了提高社區(qū)設(shè)施供給和關(guān)注老年人等弱勢群體的策略，突出了完善社區(qū)環(huán)境的重要性。