語法考點(diǎn)與3年高考鏈接

一、時態(tài)和語態(tài)

【考點(diǎn)及解題技巧】

1. 主從句時態(tài)應(yīng)該保持一致，但如果賓語從句講的是事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：He told me that the earth moves around the sun.

2. 瞬間動詞不能和現(xiàn)在完成時連用，尤其含有for的短語。如：He has died for three years.（錯句）?？筛某蒆e has been dead for three years.或者He died three years ago. 或者It is three years since he died.

3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與always， continually， forever等副詞連用時，具有較重的感情色彩，如表示贊許、厭煩、警告等。如：He's always coming late for class.

4. 有些表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動詞一般不用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)，如連系動詞be;表示感情的love， like， dislike， hate， prefer等;表示感知的hear， smell， feel等;表示認(rèn)知的think（認(rèn)為）， believe， remember， know等;表示從屬關(guān)系和某些抽象概念的動詞have， belong， possess， equal， resemble等。如：They resemble each other in shape.

5. “used to+動詞原形”表示過去的狀態(tài)或者習(xí)慣性動作，并含有現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)終止的意思;而would也可以表示過去的習(xí)慣，但比較強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的傾向。

6. 在表示時間和條件的狀語從句中，一般過去時常用來代替過去將來時。如：We would not leave the office until he came back.

7. 在口語中，有些系動詞，如get， grow， become， turn out等，加上及物動詞的過去分詞也可以構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。如：We got delayed because of the holiday traffic.

8. 在SVO句型中，如果賓語是that引導(dǎo)的從句，尤其當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是think， say， believe， feel等詞時，轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)有兩種形式。如：They said that he was jealous of her success.（主動語態(tài)）→It was said that he was jealous of her success.→He was said to be jealous of her success.

9. 由“及物動詞+名詞+介詞”的動詞短語被動語態(tài)有兩種形式。如They paid no attention to the problem.（主動語態(tài)）→No attention was paid to the problem. → The problem was not paid attention to.

10. 有少數(shù)動詞（cut， read， write， lock， sell， shut， wash， taste， feel）的主動形式可以表示被動意義。如：These clothes wash well.這些衣服經(jīng)洗。Silk feels very soft.絲綢摸起來很軟。

【小試牛刀】

1. The musician along with his band members ten performances in the last three months. （2019江蘇卷22）

________________

A. gives B. has given

C. have given D. give

2. A few months after he had arrived in China， Mr. Smith________?in love with the people and culture there. （2019江蘇卷29）

A. would fall B. had fallen

C. has fallen D. fell

3. They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals________?by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics. （2019江蘇卷33）

A. will install

B. will have been installed

C. are installed

D. have been installed

4. I________?to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage， but I couldn't manage it. （2019天津卷2）

A. had hoped B. am hoping

C. have hoped D. would hope

5. Amy， as well as her brothers，________?a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. （2019天津卷8）

A. is given B. are given

C. was given D. were given

6. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan________?in the past two years.（2018江蘇卷30）

A. had been carried out B. would be carried out

C. is being carried out D. has been carried out

7. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be emailing each other， for we________?more convenient electronic communication tools by then. （2018江蘇卷31）

A. have developed B. had developed

C. will have developed D. developed

8. —Hi， I'm Peter. Are you new here？ I haven't seen you around. （2018北京卷1）

—Hello， Peter. I'm Bob. I just________?on Monday.

A. start B. have started

C. started D. had started

9. Susan had quit her wellpaid job and________?as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. （2018北京卷4）

A. is working B. was working

C. has worked D. had worked

10. China's highspeed railways________?from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years. （2018北京卷7）

A. are growing B. have grown

C. will grow D. had grown

二、情景對話

【考點(diǎn)及解題技巧】

1. 情景對話是以書面形式考查學(xué)生英語口頭交際能力和邏輯思維的一種題型。

2. 情景對話考查學(xué)生是否在一定的交際情境中，對所談事及說話人之間的關(guān)系做準(zhǔn)確的反應(yīng)。

3. 把話題設(shè)置在一個情境中，考查學(xué)生在特定的情景中運(yùn)用語言的能力。

4. 掌握一些常用的口語交際用語和習(xí)慣用語。

5. 學(xué)會應(yīng)用語境分析全篇對話。

6. 在一個語境中具有一定的推斷能力。

7. 通過整個對話，跳過空缺處，快速把全篇通讀一遍，了解其整體結(jié)構(gòu)，把握對話的內(nèi)容及語境。

8. 從四個選項(xiàng)中或者方框中選擇合適的選項(xiàng)補(bǔ)全對話。

9. 更多關(guān)注核心詞匯、重點(diǎn)短語和寫作句式。

10. 在高三復(fù)習(xí)過程中不斷積累固定短語，在固定短語中可能沒有生詞，但是作為短語就不知所云，更不用說運(yùn)用在情景當(dāng)中。如：have butterflies on one's stomach緊張，忐忑不安;（as） cool as a cucumber非常冷靜，泰然自若;for the taking供自由拿取;off the top of one's head不假思索地，信口地;fly off the handle發(fā)火，失去控制。

【小試牛刀】

1. —Let's take a coffee break. （2019江蘇卷35）

—________We've been working for hours.

A. Why bother？ B. What for？

C. You got me there. D. You said it.

2. —I guess you want to go to play tennis. （2019天津卷1）

— . That's exactly what I was thinking too.

A. I didn't get it B. It's up to you

C. You never know D. You read my mind

3. —My son got a full scholarship to his dream university！ （2019天津卷6）

—Wow，________！ What's he going to study？

A. good for him B. go for it

C. what a coincidence D. all the best

4. —You know what？ I've got a New Year concert ticket. （2018江蘇卷28）

—Oh，________?You're kidding.

A. so what？ B. go ahead.

C. come on. D. what for？

5. —What happened？ Your boss seems to________.（2018江蘇卷35）

—Didn't you know his secretary leaked the secret report to the press？

A. be over the moon B. laugh his head off

C. be all ears D. fly off the handle

6. —Wasn't Joan supposed to be here by now？ （2018天津卷1）

— . She will be here in about twenty minutes.

A. All right B. Don't worry

C. No wonder D. Enjoy yourself

7. —I'm moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help. （2018天津卷5）

— . Just let me know when， and I'll be there.

A. You bet B. It depends

C. Forget it D. No kidding

8. —What does the stuff on your Tshirt mean？

—It's nothing. Just something________. （2017江蘇卷33）

A. as clear as day

B. off the top of my head

C. under my nose

D. beyond my wildest dreams

9. —Going to watch the Women's Volleyball Match on Wednesday？ （2017江蘇卷35）

— ！ Will you go with me？

A. You there B. You bet

C. You got me D. You know better

10. —Albert's birthday is on next Saturday， and I'm planning a surprise party for him.

— . I'll bring some wine.（2017天津卷1）

A. Sounds like fun B. It depends

C. Just a minute D. You are welcome

三、介詞（短語）

【考點(diǎn)及解題技巧】

1. 要認(rèn)真掌握好常用介詞的主要用法及動詞與介詞的搭配，這是高考的重點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)。

2. 在具體的題目中，要首先判斷考查方式，是考查介詞辨析，還是帶介詞的定語從句中的介詞的選用，判斷后再做具體分析。

3. 介詞分類：（1）簡單介詞;（2）合成介詞，如into， throughout， within;（3）短語介詞，如because of， according to， instead of;（4）雙重介詞，如from behind， till after， in between;（5）分詞介詞，如including， concerning， considering（就……而論）;（6）兼類介詞（由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來，如like， unlike， opposite）。

4. 介詞短語的作用：定語、狀語、表語和補(bǔ)足語。

5. 必須掌握相同或相似概念的表示時間的介詞（短語）的區(qū)別：in / on / at; since / for / from; in / after; in the end / at the end of / by the end of; between / among。

6. 表示地點(diǎn)位置的介詞（短語）的辨析：in / on / to; in / into; through / across; in the corner / on the corner / at the corner; beside / besides; besides / except / but / except for; except for / except that / except when / except where。

7. 常見同一形容詞與不同介詞搭配時意義上的差別：be strict with sb. 對某人要求嚴(yán)格 / be strict in sth. 對某事要求嚴(yán)格;be absent from缺席 / be absent in不在這里而在;be afraid of擔(dān)心 / be afraid for為……擔(dān)心;be angry with sb. 對某人生氣 / be angry at或about sth.因某事而生氣;be popular with sb.受……歡迎 / be popular for因……而流行;be good at擅長于 / be good to對……友好或態(tài)度好 / be good for對……有益;be different from與……不同 / be different to不關(guān)心;be familiar with精通，熟悉 / be familiar to為……熟知。

8. with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with+賓語+形容詞/ 副詞/ 介詞短語/ 現(xiàn)在分詞/ 過去分詞/ 動詞不定式。

9. with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)句法作用：（1）定語;（2）狀語可表示伴隨/原因/時間/條件/結(jié)果。

10. 容易混淆的含介詞固定搭配的詞組：（1）差一冠詞，大相徑庭。如in front of / in the front of;in charge of / in the charge of; out of question / out of the question; at table / at the table。（2）有無介詞，意義不同。如know sb. / know about sb.;shoot sb. / shoot at sb.;search sb. / search for sb.;believe sb. / believe in sb.。（3）畫蛇添足，誤加介詞。如serve the people為人民服務(wù)（易加for）;marry sb.與某人結(jié)婚（易加with）;follow me跟在我后面/跟我學(xué)（易加behind）;go abroad出國（易加to）。（4）母語思維，誤用介詞。如be caught in the rain（易用by）;set an example to sb.（易用for）;leave for Nanjing（易用to）;do a favor for sb.（易用to）。

【小試牛刀】

1. Favorable policies are________?to encourage employees'?professional development. （2019江蘇卷27）

A. in effect B. in command

C. in turn D. in shape

2.________?all the problems， several of the players produced excellent performances. （2019天津卷5）

A. According to B. Instead of

C. In addition to D. In spite of

3. China's soft power grows________?the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally. （2018江蘇卷33）

A. in line with B. in reply to

C. in return for D. in honor of

4. —Good morning， Mr. Lee's office.

—Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment________?next Wednesday afternoon. （2018北京卷14）

A. for B. on

C. in D. at

5. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report， but he went________. （2018天津卷11）

A. at first B. after all

C. above all D. at random

6. Determining where we are________?our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.（2017江蘇卷32）

A. in contrast to B. in defense of

C. in face of D. in relation to

7. —What does the stuff on your Tshirt mean？

—It's nothing. Just something________. （2017江蘇卷33）

A. as clear as day

B. off the top of my head

C. under my nose

D. beyond my wildest dreams

8. Many people who live along the coast make a living________?fishing industry. （2017北京卷35）

A. at B. in

C. on D. by

9. When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California， you will be________?trees that are over 1，000 years old. （2017天津卷12）

A. among B. against

C. behind D. below

10. More efforts， as reported，________?in the years ahead to accelerate the supplyside structural reform.

A. are made B. will be made

C. are being made D. have been made

四、詞匯辨析

【考點(diǎn)及解題技巧】

1. 根據(jù)定義法找詞義：提示詞為that is...， refers to...， is referred to as...， is或are called， 定語從句，同位語從句等，可根據(jù)其后面的已知信息來推斷前面生詞的詞義。

2. 根據(jù)重述（擴(kuò)展）法找詞義：提示詞為that is...， or...， put in another way...。

3. 根據(jù)句中提供的舉例或類比來判斷答案，提示詞為for example， for instance， such as， like， eg.等。

4. 根據(jù)題干中的介詞或副詞尋找與其成為正確搭配的詞為答案。

5. 根據(jù)上下文相關(guān)信息的暗示找出答案。

6. 根據(jù)用詞特點(diǎn)來選詞：要考慮到詞的褒貶色彩，動詞的及物與不及物，主動與被動的用法，動賓搭配等。

7. 仔細(xì)辨析近義詞的細(xì)微差別，找出最合適的答案。

8. 辨析相似詞的詞義，找出正確答案。

9. 根據(jù)句中所提供的同義詞或反義詞來判斷答案。

【小試牛刀】

1. Nowadays the________?for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. （2019江蘇卷26）

A. priority B. potential

C. proportion D. pension

2. A city is the product of the human hand and mind，________?man's intelligence and creativity. （2019江蘇卷34）

A. resembling B. reflecting

C. reviewing D. restoring

3. We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a（n）________?on our lives in many ways. （2019天津卷7）

A. statement B. impact

C. impression D. judgment

4. Kids shouldn't have access to violent films because they might________?the things they see. （2018江蘇卷22）

A. indicate B. investigate

C. imitate D. innovate

5. The________?that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. （2018天津卷6）

A. advice B. order

C. possibility D. invitation

6. It took him a long time to________?the skills he needed to become a good dancer. （2018天津卷8）

A. display B. acquire

C. teach D. test

7. A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help________?your year ahead. （2017江蘇卷30）

A. shape B. switch

C. stretch D. sharpen

8. —Can you tell us your________?for happiness and a long life？

—Living every day to the full， definitely.

A. recipe B. record

C. range D. receipt

9. He didn't________?easily， but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.

A. approach B. wrestle

C. compromise D. communicate

10. I'm going to________?advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.

A. put B. make

C. take D. give

五、非謂語動詞

【考點(diǎn)及解題技巧】

1. 表達(dá)將來要發(fā)生的事情時通常用不定式作主語，而表達(dá)一般情況、習(xí)慣性動作時用動名詞作主語。

2. 在用it作形式主語的句子中通常用不定式作真正主語，但值得注意的是在個別情況下用動名詞。如It is / was no use / good doing sth.; It is / was not any use / good doing sth.; It is / was of little use / good doing sth.。

3. 表示“目的、愿望、夢想、需求”等意思的名詞作主語時，其表語常用不定式。

4. 動名詞作表語，表示抽象概念，指“身份、職業(yè)”等。

5. 動名詞作表語時可以和主語互換。如My job is teaching.= Teaching is my job. 而現(xiàn)在分詞幫助構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時則不能和主語互換。如I'm teaching.

6. interest， excite， astonish， surprise， puzzle， disappoint， encourage， move， shock， inspire等及物動詞用作表語時，要看其與主語的關(guān)系。如果是主動關(guān)系，則用ing形式，表示主語的特征;如果是被動關(guān)系用done形式表示主語的狀態(tài)。如The news was astonishing. We were astonished （by the news）.

7. 跟不定式作賓語的及物動詞有afford， agree， dare， decide， expect， fail， hope， intend， manage， offer， plan， pretend， promise， refuse， wish。跟動名詞作賓語的及物動詞可組成個順口溜：考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想，避免錯過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞，禁止想象才冒險，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。另外要特別關(guān)注以下幾個詞后接不定式和動名詞的區(qū)別：remember， forget， regret， try， mean， stop。

8. 不定式有否定式not to do; 有進(jìn)行式to be doing; 有完成式to have done; 有被動式to be done。

9. 分詞作狀語在意義上相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句，表示時間、原因、條件、讓步的意義時常放在句首;表示結(jié)果、行為方式和伴隨狀語時常放在句末。

10. 現(xiàn)在分詞常表示所修飾的人或物的動作或狀態(tài);而動名詞則表示所修飾成分的用途、性質(zhì)等。試比較：a sleeping child（The child is sleeping表示狀態(tài)）甜睡的孩子;a sleeping car（ a car for sleeping表示用途）臥車。

【小試牛刀】

1.________?the convenience of digital payment， many senior citizens started to use smart phones. （2019江蘇卷30）

A. To enjoy B. Enjoying

C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy

2. China's image is improving steadily， with more countries________?its role in international affairs. （2019江蘇卷32）

A. recognizing B. being recognized

C. to be recognized D. recognized

3.________?to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. （2019天津卷4）

A. Learn B. Learned

C. Learning D. Having learned

4. Most colleges now offer firstyear students a course specially________?to help them succeed academically and personally. （2019天津卷10）

A. designed B. designing

C. to design D. being designed

5. Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period，________?the expected number of 12，000 held by market analysts. （2018江蘇卷26）

A. having exceeded B. to exceed

C. exceeded D. exceeding

6.________?along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. （2018北京卷3）

A. Travel B. Traveling

C. Having traveled D. Traveled

7. During the MidAutumn Festival， family members often gather together________?a meal， admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. （2018北京卷6）

A. share B. to share

C. having shared D. shared

8. Ordinary soap，________?correctly， can deal with bacteria effectively. （2018北京卷10）

A. used B. to use

C. using D. use

9. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph________. （2018天津卷7）

A. taking B. taken

C. being taken D. take

10. I didn't mean________?anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help________?it. （2018天津卷12）

A. to eat; to try B. eating; trying

C. eating; to try D. to eat; trying

六、形容詞和副詞

【考點(diǎn)及解題技巧】

1. 修飾復(fù)合不定代詞nobody， anybody， anyone， anything， nothing， some， every等時，形容詞放在后面修飾。

2. 以a開頭的形容詞一般只能作表語。如afraid， alone， alike， awake， asleep， alive等。

3. 大部分形容詞加ly可構(gòu)成副詞，但friendly， lonely， lovely， likely， lively等仍為形容詞。

4. 有些詞有兩種副詞形式，但意義不同。如late遲到 / lately近來;hard努力地 / hardly幾乎不;sharp用于鐘點(diǎn)的后面表示“整” / sharply急劇地;free免費(fèi) / freely自由地;just正好 / justly公正地;close親密的，靠近的 / closely認(rèn)真地，仔細(xì)地;deep（具體） / deeply（抽象）;high（具體） / highly（抽象）;wide（具體） / widely（抽象）。

5. 有些以ly結(jié)尾的詞既是形容詞，又是副詞。如daily， weekly， monthly， early等。

6. 多個形容詞修飾名詞時，其順序?yàn)椋合抻^形年色國材，如two beautiful large old brown and white German glass beermugs。

7. farther較遠(yuǎn)，更遠(yuǎn);further進(jìn)一步。elder指兄弟姐妹中的長者，eldest指兄弟姐妹中最大的，older指年齡“大”。如No further discussion is necessary.沒有必要作進(jìn)一步討論。His eldest sister is ten years older than he.他的大姐姐比他大十歲。

8. 原級比較分為肯定句as... as;否定句not so / as... as; the same... as，一般接名詞、介詞或相關(guān)短語;A is to B what / as C is to D。如Reading is to the mind what / as exercise is to the body.讀書對思想，好比運(yùn)動對于身體一樣。

9. 比較級比較常用結(jié)構(gòu)：“比較級+than”和“not... than / less than”;“比較級+and+比較級”在句中可作定語、表語和狀語，表示“愈來愈”;“the+比較級...，the+比較級”表示“越……越……”。

10. 比較級形式表示最高級含義：“比較級+than+any other+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)、the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞、any of the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“比同一范圍的任何一個人或物都……”，如：Tom is much cleverer than any other student in his class.

【小試牛刀】

1. Unlike traditional gyms， appbacked gyms offer people________?options to exercise. （2019江蘇卷28）

A. casual B. regular

C. flexible D. tight

2. A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is________?established. （2019天津卷15）

A. properly B. widely

C. originally D. temporarily

3. Despite the poor service of the hotel， the manager is________?to invest in sufficient training for his staff. （2018江蘇卷34）

A. keen B. reluctant

C. anxious D. ready

4. Only five years after Steve Jobs'?death， smartphones defeated________?PCs in sales. （2017江蘇卷29）

A. controversial B. contradictory

C. confidential D. conventional

5. The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But________?explanations are hard to find. （2017江蘇卷34）

A. alternative B. aggressive

C. ambiguous D. apparent

6. —I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment. （2017天津卷3）

—I'm sorry， but he is not________?at the moment， for the meeting hasn't ended.

A. busy B. active

C. concerned D. available

7. His comprehensive surveys have provided the most________?statements of how， and on what basis， data are collected.

A. explicit B. ambiguous

C. original D. arbitrary

8. A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，________?if you are traveling at high speed.

A. eventually B. strangely

C. merely D. especially

9. In this article， you need to back up general statements with________?examples.

A. specific B. permanent

C. abstract D. universal

10. It is more important that she should be free________?she should live a luxurious life.

A. than B. that

C. more than D. than that

七、短語動詞和動詞詞組

【考點(diǎn)及解題技巧】

1. 同一個短語動詞在初高中階段的不同意思。

2. 常見的短語動詞辨析。

3. 注意短語動詞中動詞本身的意思以及后面的介詞的意思，有的需要延伸義。如： break down出故障;come to （oneself）蘇醒。

4. 注意短語動詞中動詞本身的意思以及后面的副詞的意思，有的需要延伸義。如：come across碰見;take after相像。

5. 注意短語動詞中動詞本身的意思以及后面+副詞+介詞的意思，有的需要延伸義。如：put up with容忍，忍受;do away with消除，去掉。

6. 考查同根短語動詞的辨析。

7. 考查同根介詞或副詞的短語動詞的辨析。

8. 考查“動詞+名詞”構(gòu)成的動詞詞組的辨析。如take place= happen; lose heart= feel discouraged。

9. 考查“動詞+名詞+（特殊）介詞”構(gòu)成的動詞詞組的辨析。如make use of利用;give rise to引發(fā)。

【小試牛刀】

1. More wind power stations will________?to meet the demand for clean energy. （2019江蘇卷24）

A. take up B. clear up

C. hold up D. spring up

2. Kate heard a man's voice in the background， but she couldn't________?what he was saying. （2019天津卷9）

A. set aside B. take back

C. make out D. keep off

3. Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which________?a clear road map and timetable. （2018江蘇卷25）

A. calls for B. calls on

C. calls off D. calls up

4. At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving， but eventually he________?as she was so confident about her skills. （2018天津卷3）

A. gave in B. dresses up

C. broke in D. turned up

5. Working with the medical team in Africa has________?the best in her as a doctor. （2017江蘇卷25）

A. held out B. brought out

C. picked out D. given out

6. Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter________， get married， and have kids. （2017天津卷5）

A. settle down B. keep off

C. get up D. cut in

7. Many businesses started up by college students have________?thanks to the comfortable climate or business creation.

A. fallen off B. taken off

C. turned off D. left off

8. Parents should actively urge their children to________?the opportunity to join sports teams.

A. gain admission to B. keep track of

C. take advantage of D. give rise to

9. Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she________?her opinion on the subject.

A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on

C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on

10. I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always too busy to________?a conversation with her.

A. carry on B. break into

C. turn down D. cut off

八、名詞從句

【考點(diǎn)及解題技巧】

1. 一般情況下，只要是從句，用陳述句語序。

2. 用it作形式主語，常用句型有（1） It+ be+形容詞（true， obvious， good， natural， surprising， wonderful， funny）+ that從句。（2） It+ be+名詞詞組（a good thing， a pity， no surprise， no wonder， an honor）+that從句。（3） It + be+過去分詞（said， reported， thought， believed， expected， decided， arranged， announced）+that從句。

3. 考查賓語從句的熱點(diǎn)在于（1） that可以省略;當(dāng)一個句子有兩個或多個并列的賓語從句時，引導(dǎo)第二個和以后幾個從句的that不可省略;由it作形式賓語時，that不可省略。（2） 常見的可以接that從句作賓語的動詞有say， see， know， tell， show， think， consider， discover， imagine， be sure， be certain， be afraid， be glad等。

4. 在可以接復(fù)合賓語的動詞之后，如think， make， consider等，可以用it作形式賓語。

5. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句僅能直接跟在except， in， but， besides等少數(shù)幾個介詞后作賓語。有時在that從句前加形式賓語。如You may rely on it that everything will be ready by Monday.

6. 當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是think， believe， suppose， assume等時，如果賓語從句是否定式，通常將主句謂語改為否定式而將賓語從句變?yōu)榭隙ㄊ健Ｈ鏘 don't think that we two have met before.

7. 考查表語從句的熱點(diǎn)是當(dāng)主語是reason時，表語從句用that 引導(dǎo)，不要誤用because，如The reason why I plan to go is that she'll be disappointed if I don't.

8. 可跟同位語從句的常用名詞有：fact， idea， news， belief， hope， conclusion， thought， opinion， discovery等。

9. whether可引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句，而if只能引導(dǎo)賓語從句。

10. that引導(dǎo)定語從句時，在從句中擔(dān)任成分而that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。如The news that he got there is true.句法分析（1） get為vt.， that在從句中擔(dān)任get的賓語，所以是定語從句，句意：“他在那里得到的消息是真實(shí)的?！保?） get為vi.，that在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，所以是同位語從句，句意：“他到達(dá)那里的消息是真實(shí)的?！?/p>

【小試牛刀】

1. Scientists have obtained more evidence________?plastic is finding its way into the human body. （2019江蘇卷25）

A. what B. that

C. which D. where

2. By boat is the only way to get here， which is________?we arrived. （2018江蘇卷21）

A. where B. when

C. why D. how

3. Without his support， we wouldn't be________?we are now. （2018北京卷11）

A. how B. when

C. where D. why

4. This is________?my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. （2018北京卷15）

A. how B. which

C. that D. what

5. The gold medal will be awarded to________?wins the first place in the bicycle race. （2018天津卷9）

A. whomever B. wherever

C. whoever D. whatever

6. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20， half of________?it used to charge. （2017江蘇卷26）

A. that B. which

C. what D. how

7. Every year，________?makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. （2017北京卷23）

A. whatever B. whoever

C. whomever D. whichever

8. Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street， not knowing________?she was heading. （2017北京卷26）

A. why B. where

C. how D. when

9. She asked me________?I had returned the books to the library， and I admitted that I hadn't. （2017天津卷4）

A. when B. where

C. whether D. what

10. It is often the case________?anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.

A. why B. what

C. as D. that

九、定語從句

【考點(diǎn)及解題技巧】

1. 當(dāng)先行詞是人的時候，用關(guān)系代詞who（主語）， whom（賓語）， whose（定語）和that（主語或賓語）引導(dǎo)定語從句。

2. 當(dāng)先行詞是物的時候，用關(guān)系代詞whose（定語）， that（主語或賓語）和which（主語或賓語）引導(dǎo)定語從句。

3. 當(dāng)先行詞是表示時間的詞，用關(guān)系副詞when（狀語）引導(dǎo)定語從句。

4. 當(dāng)先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的詞，用關(guān)系副詞where（狀語）引導(dǎo)定語從句。

5. 當(dāng)先行詞是reason，用關(guān)系副詞why（狀語）引導(dǎo)定語從句。

6. 不能用which引導(dǎo)只能用that的三種情況：（1） 先行詞是all， nothing， anything， everything， something; （2） 先行詞里面有形容詞最高級;（3） 先行詞被first， last， little， only， few， much修飾。

7. 非限制性定語從句不能用that和why引導(dǎo)。

8. 當(dāng)先行詞是兩個并列的名詞且分別表示人和物時，修飾這兩個名詞的定語從句要用that引導(dǎo)。

9. 關(guān)系代詞（5個）和關(guān)系副詞（3個）中只有作賓語的whom， that和which可以省略。

10. as可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，主要用于“such... as”和“the same as”結(jié)構(gòu)中，在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。as也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，如果修飾整個主句時，從句可以放在主句之前、之后或者插在之間，而which只能放在后面。

【小試牛刀】

1. We have entered into an age________?dreams have the best chance of coming true. （2019江蘇卷21）

A. which B. what

C. when D. that

2. Their child is at the stage________?she can say individual words but not full sentences. （2019天津卷11）

A. why B. where

C. which D. what

3. Selfdriving is an area________?China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. （2018江蘇卷23）

A. that B. where

C. which D. when

4. She and her family bicycle to work，________?helps them keep fit. （2018北京卷5）

A. which B. who

C. as D. that

5. Kate，________?sister I shared a room with when we were at college， has gone to work in Australia. （2018天津卷2）

A. whom B. that

C. whose D. her

6. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Program， one of________?purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. （2017江蘇卷28）

A. which B. its

C. whose D. whom

7. The little problems________?we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. （2017北京卷31）

A. that B. as

C. where D. when

8. My eldest son，________?work takes him all over the world， is in New York at the moment. （2017天津卷9）

A. that B. whose

C. his D. who

9. Many young people， most________?were welleducated， headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.

A. of which B. of them

C. of whom D. of those

10. I live next door to a couple________?children often make a lot of noise.

A. whose B. why

C. where D. which

十、狀語從句

【考點(diǎn)及解題技巧】

1. 主句表示將來意義時，時間和條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。

2. while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句動詞一般是延續(xù)性的;while還可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。

3. until用在肯定句中，主句動詞是延續(xù)性的;而用在否定句中，主句動詞為短暫性的。

4. because語氣最強(qiáng)，since較弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as又次之。

5. so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時，從句中常用may， should， could， would等情態(tài)動詞;引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時，從句中一般不用情態(tài)動詞。

6. as if和as though可引導(dǎo)表語從句和方式狀語從句。從句中常用虛擬語氣，有時也用陳述語氣。如He talks as if he were my boss.（虛擬語氣） I feel as if I have a fever.（陳述語氣）

7. 用了because， 主句句首不能用so， 可以和yet（副詞）連用，也可以和still（副詞）連用。同樣道理，用了though / although， 主句句首不能用but。

8. as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時常用倒裝語序。

9. 在讓步狀語從句中，though = although; even if = even though; no matter what / who / which / when / where / how = whatever / whoever / whichever / whenever / wherever / however。

10. 在從屬連詞中as用法最多，可引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、比較狀語從句和方式狀語從句。

【小試牛刀】

1. The doctor shares his phone number with the patients________?they need medical assistance. （2019江蘇卷23）

A. if only B. as if

C. even though D. in case

2. Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents'?opinion________?he wants their support. （2019天津卷13）

A. since B. once

C. unless D. after

3.________?you can sleep well， you will lose the ability to focus， plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. （2018江蘇卷29）

A. Once B. Unless

C. If D. When

4.________?we don't stop climate change， many animals and plants in the world will be gone. （2018北京卷2）

A. Although B. While

C. If D. Until

5. Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend________?they get sweet enough to be eaten. （2018天津卷4）

A. ever since B. as if

C. even though D. so that

6. Located________?the Belt meets the Road， Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. （2017江蘇卷23）

A. why B. when

C. which D. where

7.________?birds use their feathers for flight， some of their feathers are for other purposes. （2017北京卷25）

A. Once B. If

C. Although D. Because

8.________?some people are motivated by a need for success， others are motivated by a fear of failure.

A. Because B. If

C. Unless D. While

9. My grandfather still plays tennis now and then，________?he's in his nineties.

A. as long as B. as if

C. even though D. in case

10. I really enjoy listening to music________?it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.

A. because B. before

C. unless D. until

參考答案

一、

1—5 BDBAC6—10 ACCBB

二、

1—5 DDACD 6—10 BABBA

三、

1—5 ADAAB 6—10 DBBAB

四、

1—5 ABBCC 6—10 BAACC

五、

1—5 AACAD 6—10 BBABD

六、

1—5 CABDA 6—10 DADAD

七、

1—5 DCAAB 6—10 ABCAA

八、

1—5 BDCDC 6—10 CBBCD

九、

1—5 CBBAC 6—10 CABCA

十、

1—5 DCBCD 6—10 DCDCA

（作者：吳濤，江蘇省南京市第三高級中學(xué)）