張國新 王秀萍 姚玉濤
摘要 [目的]研究土壤鹽分對養(yǎng)心菜生長及品質(zhì)等指標(biāo)的影響,為不同程度鹽堿地條件下養(yǎng)心菜的功能性栽培提供技術(shù)支撐。[方法]采用原土調(diào)配盆栽試驗,通過CK(0.65 g/kg)、T1(2.00 g/kg)、T2(4.00 g/kg)、T3(6.00 g/kg)、T4(8.00 g/kg)5個鹽分脅迫處理,進行株高、單株產(chǎn)量指標(biāo)及單寧、黃酮、硝酸鹽、Vc等品質(zhì)指標(biāo)分析。[結(jié)果]養(yǎng)心菜株高、莖數(shù)、單株產(chǎn)量均隨鹽分增加而逐漸減小,CK、T1處理間單株產(chǎn)量差異不顯著,與其他3個處理間差異均達顯著水平;隨鹽分增大,單寧含量逐漸增加,養(yǎng)心菜植株中黃酮含量先增加后減小,4個處理與對照比較均達顯著水平,其中T4處理達到最大值,變幅在1.12~1.36 mg/g之間。隨著鹽分增加,硝酸鹽含量逐漸減小,4個處理與對照比較均達顯著水平;Vc含量除T1處理較對照略有增加外,其他處理均逐漸減小,與對照比較均達顯著水平。[結(jié)論]養(yǎng)心菜作為鹽堿地食用栽培,以含鹽量2.00 g/kg的輕度鹽堿地為宜;成分提取及功能性開發(fā)栽培,以土壤含鹽量不超過4.00 g/kg為宜。
關(guān)鍵詞 鹽脅迫;養(yǎng)心菜;生長指標(biāo);品質(zhì)
Abstract [Objective]The effects of soil salinity on growth, quality and other indicators of Sedum aizoon L.were studied to provide technical support for functional cultivation of Sedum aizoon L. under different saline alkali soils. [Method]The pot experiment was carried out with original soil blending. The plant height, yield index per plant, tannin, flavonoid, nitrate, VC and other quality indexes were analyzed by five salt stress treatments of CK (0.65 g/kg), T1 (2.00 g/kg), T2 (4.00 g/kg), T3 (6.00 g/kg) and T4(8.00 g/kg).[Result]Plant height, stem number and the yield per plant decreased gradually with the increase of salt content, and there was no significant difference in the yield per plant between the CK and T1 treatment , and the differences with other three treatments reached significant levels;with the increase of salinity, the tannin content increased gradually. With the increase of salt, the content of flavonoids in Sedum aizoon L. increased at first and then decreased, and the content of flavonoids in the four treatments reached a significant level compared with CK, among which T4 treatment reached the maximum, with a range of 1.12-1.36 mg/g. With the increase of salinity, the content of nitrate gradually decreased, and the four treatments reached a significant level compared with the control; except for the T1 treatment, which slightly increased compared with the control, the other treatments gradually decreased and reached a significant level compared with the control.[Conclusion]As an edible cultivation in salinealkali land, it is suitable for mild saline alkali land with salt content of about 2.00 g/kg, and for component extraction and functional development and cultivation, soil salt content should not exceed 4.00 g/kg.
Key words Salt stress;Sedum aizoon L.;Growth index;Quality
養(yǎng)心菜(Sedum aizoon L.),學(xué)名費菜,為景天科景天屬多年生草本宿根植物,在我國分布廣泛,是一種食用、藥用及園林兼用植物。養(yǎng)心菜莖葉富含鐵、鈣等礦質(zhì)元素,營養(yǎng)價值豐富[1],可食用也可加工茶、飲料等[2-3]。植株含谷淄醇、類黃酮、槲皮素等多種藥用物質(zhì)[4-5],經(jīng)常食用能有效治療高血壓和心臟病等心血管疾病[6],具有極高藥用價值[7];由于其耐旱及耐寒性好,適應(yīng)性強,是風(fēng)沙治理及園林綠化的優(yōu)選植物[8-9]。
一般情況下,鹽脅迫會降低蔬菜的產(chǎn)量并影響其營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)變化,但因種類、鹽脅迫程度的不同,影響有所差異。硝酸鹽作為蔬菜食用安全性的重要指標(biāo),葉果菜類等均有一定的安全限值。該研究表明,供試條件下養(yǎng)心菜植株中硝酸鹽含量變幅在563.7~1 751.3 mg/kg之間,均在安全限值內(nèi),且隨土壤鹽分增加逐漸減小,這與姜娜娜等[25]對鹽脅迫下鹽芥硝酸鹽的吸收研究結(jié)果基本一致,可能與鹽分脅迫抑制了養(yǎng)心菜生長,從而影響了N素吸收有關(guān)。隨著鹽分增加,養(yǎng)心菜Vc含量呈現(xiàn)小幅升高后逐漸減小趨勢,鹽分越高,下降越明顯,其中2.00 g/kg鹽分處理Vc含量達到最高值(為29.13 mg/100 g),但與對照間差異不顯著,與其他幾個處理間差異均達顯著水平,說明適度低鹽脅迫有利于養(yǎng)心菜Vc形成,高鹽影響?zhàn)B心菜的營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)。綜合分析看,養(yǎng)心菜作為鹽堿地食用栽培,以含鹽量2.00 g/kg的輕度鹽堿地為宜;養(yǎng)心菜作為成分提取及功能性開發(fā)栽培,以土壤含鹽量不超過4.00 g/kg為宜。
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