“主謂一致”剖析

Jenny

趨勢解讀

主謂一致是英語語言中特有的語法現(xiàn)象，受漢語影響，初中生容易忽視而導(dǎo)致錯誤，這就要求大家掌握好這一知識點。

思維引導(dǎo) 精彩筆記1 語法一致原則

（1）當(dāng)主語是單數(shù)形式時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式

（2）主語為復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式

（3）“名詞+but /except /besides /with /as well as+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上與第一個名詞保持一致。

▲核心題根1

—How many people are there in your group？

—Four. Three boys_____ in our group this time.

A.is

B.are

C.were

D.was

思路點撥：此題主語three boys為復(fù)數(shù)，時間為現(xiàn)在，故be動詞應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在時的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

▲易錯警示

如果主語由“a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”構(gòu)成，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，意思為“許多的……”;而“the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式，意思為“……的數(shù)量”。

A number of our school students are going to visit the Great Wall.我們學(xué)校有許多學(xué)生要去游覽長城。

The number of our school students is about 1，000.我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)大約為一千人。

精彩筆記2：就近一致的原則

就近一致的原則是指謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近它的主語。具體情況見下表：

▲核心題根2

Neither the headmaster nor the teachers____take a vacation next week.

A. were going to

B. is going to

C. was going to

D. are going to

思路點撥：此題考查主謂一致，由neither…，nor…連接并列主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與nor后的主語的數(shù)保持一致，the teachers為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)用相應(yīng)形式，又時間為nextweek，故用一般將來時，可知答案。

▲方法技巧

（1）熟記就近原則這一語法點的常見結(jié)構(gòu)。

（2）明確各類主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)。 精彩筆記3：意義一致的原則

意義一致是指句中謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于主語的意義為單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，主語意義為單數(shù)，謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式;主語意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

▲核心題根2

（1）①Can you make it cheaper？ Ten dollars____（be） too dear.

②Twenty years____（be） not a long time.

思路點撥：“ten dollars”和“twenty years”在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但是作為價格或者時間時是一個整體，意義上是單數(shù)，其后的謂語也用單數(shù)。

（2） My family____a big family. My family____watching TV.（be）

思路點撥：①family是集合名詞，意為“家庭”時是一個整體，視為單數(shù)：意為“家庭成員”時是集合名詞，視為復(fù)數(shù)。②句意：我的家是個大家庭。我們一家人正在看電視。

（3） All of the work____been finished. All of the people____gone. （have）

思路點撥：考查不定代詞all作主語。句意：所有的工作已經(jīng)被做完了。所有的人都走了。在前一句中，all代表不可數(shù)名詞the work，故其后的謂語動詞用單數(shù);在后一句中，all代表the people，是集合名詞，為復(fù)數(shù)，其后的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

（4） Who______your brother？ Who______league members？ （be）

思路點撥：考查疑問代詞作主語時的主謂一致，who既可以指代單數(shù)也可以指代復(fù)數(shù)?！皔our brother”是單數(shù)，句意為“誰是你的哥哥”，在第二句中who是復(fù)數(shù)，指代league members。

（5） I have read a large part of the book the rest______（be） more difficult.Only ten students attented the class because the rest______（be） off sick.

思路點撥：the rest意為“其余的人或事”，既可指代單數(shù)意義，也可指代復(fù)數(shù)的人或事，取決于具體的語境。根據(jù)句意“這本書我已經(jīng)看了大部分，其余的部分更難了”，可知“剩下的部分（the rest）”是單熱而后面一句中的the rest指“十個之外的所有學(xué)生”，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。

（6） The dead______a famous person.（be）

The poor______very happy but the rich______sad.（be）

思路點撥：考查“the+形容詞”指代人時單復(fù)數(shù)的問題。①句意：死的那個人（thedead，指代某一個人）是個名人。窮人們（the poor，泛指一類人）很開心，但富人們（therich指一類人）卻很難過。②“the+形容詞”指具體某個人（或物）時是單數(shù)，泛指某類人或物時是復(fù)數(shù)。

▲知識歸納

（1）表時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。

（2）有些集合名詞，如family，team等作主語時：作為一個整體看待，謂語用單數(shù);指其中每個成員，用復(fù)數(shù)。

（3）由不定代詞all，most，some，any，none等作主語時：代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù);代詞代表復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

（4）疑問代詞作主語時：主語表示單數(shù)意義，謂語用單數(shù);主語表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

（5） half，the rest等表示不定數(shù)量的名詞作主語時：主語表示單數(shù)意義，謂語用單數(shù);主語表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

（6）以“定冠詞+形容詞（或分詞）”作主語時：指的是一個人或抽象概念，謂語用單數(shù);指的是一類人，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

▲方法技巧

（1）熟記常見意義一致的主語常見結(jié)構(gòu)。

（2）分析主語的重心所在，即主語中的中心詞。

（3）關(guān)注集體名詞所表達(dá)的不同意義，從而確定其數(shù)。

練習(xí)

（ ） 1. No one in the school but Tom and l_____that the music festival-Wake Up isgoing to be held next Sunday.

A. knows

B. know

C. have known

D. am to know

（ ） 2. Tom together with his two sisters， _____.

A. has seated

B. has been seated

C. have seated

D. have been seated

（ ） 3. —Has Donnie finished reading the novel？

—Not yet. There_____still_____of it left.

A. is; three fourths

B. are; three fourth

C. is; third fourths

D. are; three fourths

（ ） 4. There_____a number of animals in the zoo. The number of them_____two thousand.

A. is; are

B. are; is

C. is; is

D. are; are

（ ） 5. E-mail， as well as telephones， _____an important part indailycommunication.

A. is playing

B. have played

C. are playing

D. play

（ ） 6. She is one of the few girls who_____in the kindergarten.

A. is well paid

B. are well paid

C. is paying

D. are paid well

（ ） 7. What I say and think_____nothing to do with you.

A. is

B. has

C. are

D. have

（ ） 8. All the scientific evidence_____that increasing use of chemicals in farming _____damaging our health.

A. show; are

B. shows; are

C. show; is

D. shows; is

（ ） 9. The basketball coach as well as his team，_____interviewed shortly afterthe match for their outstanding performance.

A. were

B. was

C. is

D. are

（ ） 10. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials the rest of which_____saved for other purposes.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

（ ） 11. One third of the country_____covered with trees and the majority of thecitizens_____black people.

A. is; are

B. is; is

C. are; are

D. are; is

（ ） 12. Listening to loud music at rock concerts_____caused hearing loss insome teenagers.

A. is

B. are

C. has

D. have

（ ） 13. Such poets as Shakespeare（莎士比亞）_____widely read of whose workshowever， some_difficult to understand.

A. are; are

B. is; is

C. are; is

D. is; are

（ ） 14. It is reported that many a new house_____at present in the disaster area.

A. are being built

B. were being built

C. was being built

D. is being built

（ ） 15. Either you or one of your students_____to attend the meeting that is duetomorrow.

A. are

B. is

C. have

D. be

參考答案： 核心題根1： 核心題根2：D 核心題根3：（1）is; is （2）is; are （3）has; have（4）is; are （5）is; were （6）is;are;are

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