How Much Do You Know aboutRespiratory Diseases Like COVID-19 and Flu?

本刊編輯部

當(dāng)這個(gè)“超長(zhǎng)待機(jī)”的春節(jié)假期因?yàn)镃OVID-19變得不那么美好時(shí)，我們真的知道大家擔(dān)心的究竟是什么嗎？正確認(rèn)識(shí)COVID-19，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，其實(shí)它就是一種新型呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病，不必過度憂慮，畢竟，目前來說，流感可能更值得警惕。

COVID-19 is a 1）respiratory diseasecaused by a novel（new） 2）coronavirus thatwas first detected in Wuhan City， HubeiProvince， China.On February 11， 2020，the WHO （World Health Organization）named the disease coronavirus disease2019 （abbreviated "COVID-19"）.Early on， many of the patients in theCOVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan had some link to a large seafood and liveanimal market， suggesting animal-to-person spread.Later， a growing numberof patients reportedly did not have 3）exposure to animal markets， confirmingperson-to-person spread.

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are common in manydifferent species of animals， including camels， cattle， cats， and bats.Rarely，animal coronaviruses can infect people and then spread between peoplesuch as with MER-CoV， SARS-Coy and now with this new virus.

COVID-19 illness have ranged from mild 4）symptoms to severe illnessand death.Symptoms can include fever， cough and shortness of breath.Thesymptoms of COVID-19 can appear in as few as 2 days or as long as 14 daysafter exposure.But rarely reported patients be confirm infected COVID-19more than 14 days after exposure.The reason is unknown.

COVID-19 caused 37，198 confirmed cases， including 811 deaths inChinese mainland， according to NHC （the National Health Commission） ofthe PRC.

薪型冠狀病毒肺炎是一種由新型冠狀病毒引起的急性呼吸系統(tǒng)

1） respiratory [r?'sp?r?tri]adj.呼吸的

2） coronavirus [k?，r??n?'vai?r?s]n.冠狀病毒

3） exposure [ik'sp???3?（r）]n.暴露，曝光

4） symptom ['s?mpt?m]n.（臨床）癥狀，征兆疾病，首個(gè)病例在中國(guó)湖北省武漢市確診。2020年2月11日，世界衛(wèi)生組織將這種疾病命名為冠狀病毒疾病2019（簡(jiǎn)稱為COVID-19）。起初，新冠肺炎暴發(fā)的患者多與武漢一處大型海鮮與活物農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)有關(guān)，所以認(rèn)為該疾病為動(dòng)物傳人。隨后，報(bào)告出現(xiàn)了大量與農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)無關(guān)病例，由此確定該疾病存在人傳人特性。

冠狀病毒是一個(gè)大型病毒族群，常見于很多種類的動(dòng)物，包括駱駝、牛、貓、蝙蝠等。很少有動(dòng)物冠狀病毒能感染人類并在人類間大量傳播，像中東呼吸綜合征冠狀病毒和重癥急性呼吸綜合征冠狀病毒，現(xiàn)在又有了這種新型病毒。

新冠肺炎病例可從輕癥轉(zhuǎn)至重癥乃至死亡。其癥狀包括發(fā)熱、咳嗽和呼吸急促。在感染病毒后，這些癥狀在2-14天內(nèi)會(huì)出現(xiàn)。但是也有感染病毒超過14天才發(fā)病的個(gè)例出現(xiàn)，原因不明。

根據(jù)衛(wèi)健委（中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家衛(wèi)生健康委員會(huì)）2020年2月8日的數(shù)據(jù)，新冠肺炎在中國(guó)大陸累計(jì)確診病例37，198例，其中死亡病例811例。

Flu （influenza） is a disease caused by virus infecting therespiratory tract.It is very common respiratory illness causedby influenza viruses.It can cause mild to severe illness.Serious outcomes of flu infection can result in hospitalizationor death.Flu symptoms usually come on suddenly insteadof slowly developing and are characterized by 5）chills， bodyaches， 6）fatigue and a headache.Sometimes those are sick can also have a cough andsome people also get a fever.

Flu spreads easily through coughing， 7）sneezing or talking， because it transmittedthrough 8）airborne exposure.It may be preventable by 9）vaccine， so CDC （Centers forDisease Control and Prevention） of US calls on that everyone 6 months and older needsa flu vaccine each year.

Worldwide， the flu causes up to 5 million cases of severe illness worldwide and killup t0 650，000 people every year， according to the WHO.

There were already 26 million illnesses in US inthis flu season， including 14，000 deaths， according tothe CDC "2019-2020 preliminary in-season flu burden

5） chill [t??l]n，寒冷

6） fatigue [f?'ti：g]n.疲勞，疲乏

7） sneeze [sni：z]v.打噴嚏

8） airborne ['e?b?：n] adj.空氣傳播的

9） vaccine ['v?ksi：n]n.疫苗estimates"， which based on data from Oct.1， 2019 through Feb.8， 2020.

流感（流行性感冒）是一種由病毒感染呼吸道引發(fā)的疾病。通常由流感病毒引發(fā)，有輕癥，也有重癥。流感感染嚴(yán)重的可致住院治療或死亡。流感的癥狀通常是突發(fā)而非緩慢發(fā)展的，表現(xiàn)為發(fā)冷、全身酸痛、顯著乏力和頭痛。有時(shí)候病人會(huì)出現(xiàn)咳嗽，一些病人也會(huì)發(fā)熱。

流感易經(jīng)咳嗽、打噴嚏、交談傳播，因?yàn)樗山?jīng)空氣中的被感染飛沫傳播。流感疫苗可有效預(yù)防流感，所以美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心呼吁每個(gè)6個(gè)月以上的美國(guó)人每年都進(jìn)行流感疫苗接種。

世衛(wèi)組織稱，世界范圍來說，流感每年導(dǎo)致的重癥病例高達(dá)500萬，致死人數(shù)高達(dá)65萬。

基于2019年10月1日到2020年2月8日的數(shù)據(jù)，美國(guó)疾控中心發(fā)布的“2019-2020美國(guó)流感季初步數(shù)據(jù)”中顯示，2019-2020的流感季美國(guó)已有流感病例2，600萬例，其中死亡病例14，000例。

SARS （Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome） first appeared in China inNovember 2002， was recognized at the end of February 2003.

SARS-CoV is an airborne virus， which means it's spread in a similar way to coldsand flu.The virus is spread in small 10）droplets of saliva coughed or sneezed into the airby an infected person.

SARS is spread to 26 countries， 11）sickening 8，422 people and killing 919， accordingto the WHO.Since 2004， unknow transmission ofSARS has been reported.

10） droplet ['dr?pl?t]n.小滴

11） sicken ['s?k?n]v.使生病

“非典”首次出現(xiàn)在中國(guó)是2002年11月，2003年2月底被確認(rèn)。

重癥急性呼吸綜合征冠狀病毒是一種空氣傳播病毒，它與感冒和流感有相似傳播途徑。這種病毒通過己感染者咳嗽或打噴嚏時(shí)濺出至空氣中的飛沫傳播。

據(jù)世衛(wèi)組織公布的數(shù)據(jù)，“非典”傳播至26個(gè)國(guó)家，全球累計(jì)“非典”病例8，422例，死亡919例。2004年以來，沒有已知的新發(fā)病例。