• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    肺部超聲評分在急性呼吸窘迫綜合征患者早期病情評估中應(yīng)用

    2019-03-19 10:32:12張磊陶洋姚麗娜周成杰安敏飛俞萬鈞陳國忠
    中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2019年1期
    關(guān)鍵詞:急性呼吸窘迫綜合征

    張磊 陶洋 姚麗娜 周成杰 安敏飛 俞萬鈞 陳國忠

    [摘要] 目的 探討肺部超聲(lung utrasonography,LUS)評分在急性呼吸窘迫綜合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)患者早期病情評估中的價值。 方法 選取2016年7月~2018年1月入住鄞州醫(yī)院ICU和EICU且符合柏林標(biāo)準(zhǔn)診斷的ARDS患者,根據(jù)氧合指數(shù)(oxygenation index,OI)將ARDS患者分為輕中度組(100 mmHg

    [關(guān)鍵詞] 肺部超聲;急性呼吸窘迫綜合征;氧合指數(shù);血管外肺水

    [中圖分類號] R563.9? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2019)01-0028-05

    Application of lung utrasonography score in early disease assessment of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

    ZHANG Lei1 TAO Yang2? ?YAO Li'na1? ?ZHOU Chengjie1? ?AN Minfei1? ?YU Wanjun3? ?CHEN Guozhong1

    1.ICU, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University Medical College, Ningbo 315040, China; 2.Rome of Clinical Record, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University Medical College, Ningbo? ?315040, China; 3.Department of Respiratory, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University Medical College, Ningbo? ?315040, China

    [Abstract] Objective To investigate the value of lung utrasonography(LUS) score in the early assessment of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). Methods Patients who were admitted to the Yinzhou Hospital ICU and EICU from July 2016 to January 2018 and who met the Berlin criteria for diagnosis of ARDS were selected. Patients with ARDS were divided into mild to moderate group(100 mmHg<OI≤300 mmHg) and severe group(OI≤100 mmHg) according to oxygenation index (OI). The patient's clinical data and the LUS score and OI, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE-Ⅱ), and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) at the first day (D1), the second day (D2), and the third day (D3) were recorded, and the correlation between LUS score and OI, APACHE-Ⅱ, and SOFA scores was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. The LUS score was analyzed by ROC curve to determine the severity, sensitivity and specificity of patients with ARDS. Results 33 patients with ARDS were collected and 3 patients died in 72 hours. On D1, the LUS score was negatively correlated with OI (r=-0.419, P=0.015), positively correlated with APACHE-Ⅱ score (r=0.414, P=0.017), and positively correlated with SOFA score (r=0.477, P=0.005), and the correlation was close. On D2 and D3, the LUS score still had a good positive correlation with the APACHE-Ⅱ score and the SOFA score (r values on D2 were: 0.392, 0.368, P values were 0.027, 0.038, respectively; r values on D3 were: 0.466, 0.390, P values were 0.010, 0.033, respectively). The area under the ROC curve of the LUS score(AUC=0.933) was analyzed and the sensitivity of severe ARDS was 89% and the specificity was 79% with a threshold of 20.5. Conclusion The LUS score can well reflect the change of lung tissue with loss of air and the deficiency of lung ventilation area in patients with ARDS, and it has good reliability and stability, which can be used to assess the severity of ARDS.

    [Key words] Lung utrasonography; Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Oxygenation index; Extravascular lung edema

    ARDS指各種肺內(nèi)、外因素導(dǎo)致的彌漫性肺泡損傷及肺部炎癥進(jìn)而發(fā)展為急性呼吸衰竭。文獻(xiàn)報道提示ARDS總體病死率在36%~50%[1,2],其預(yù)后與早期原發(fā)病治療和疾病嚴(yán)重程度明顯相關(guān)。Joyner等[3]首次應(yīng)用LUS獲取病理狀態(tài)下肺組織圖像。研究者[4,5]發(fā)現(xiàn)LUS在胸腔積液、肺實變/肺不張、肺水腫、氣胸診斷敏感性和特異性比傳統(tǒng)X線胸片具有明顯優(yōu)勢,與胸部CT相似,可作為CT的替代檢查方法用于ARDS的診斷。ARDS病情變化快,復(fù)雜棘手,死亡率高,患者存活的關(guān)鍵在于早期積極治療干預(yù)。本研究采用連續(xù)動態(tài)方式探討LUS評分在ARDS患者早期病情評估中的應(yīng)用價值從而反饋臨床醫(yī)師,對ARDS疾病進(jìn)行早期干預(yù)、改善患者預(yù)后具有積極的臨床意義。

    1 資料與方法

    1.1 一般資料

    收集2016年7月~2018年1月期間入住我院ICU、EICU符合柏林定義ARDS成年患者33例,平均年齡(71.27±14.70)歲,男22例,占67%,3 d內(nèi)死亡3例。輕中度組(100 mmHg<OI≤300 mmHg)24例、重度組(OI≤100 mmHg)9例,其中72 h內(nèi)輕中度組存活22例,重度組存活6例。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要包括嚴(yán)重心力衰竭、急性冠脈綜合征、嚴(yán)重的心臟瓣膜病、肺間質(zhì)性病變患者及不適宜或拒絕超聲檢查患者。

    本項研究根據(jù)氧合指數(shù)將患者分為輕中度組(100 mmHg<OI≤300 mmHg)和重度組(OI≤100 mmHg),進(jìn)一步比較兩組患者基本臨床特征的差異,見表1?;颊吣挲g、性別、左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)的組間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。病因構(gòu)成上,重癥肺炎和感染性休克是導(dǎo)致ARDS的主要原發(fā)病,分別占45.5%、33.3%。此外,隨著患者ARDS病情進(jìn)展,入住ICU時間及死亡率逐漸增高,組間差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。

    1.2 研究內(nèi)容

    所有患者給予6 mL/kg小潮氣量通氣,根據(jù)氧合狀態(tài)調(diào)整機械通氣參數(shù),行GEM Premier 300動脈血氣分析等相關(guān)檢查。檢查前給予100%氧濃度吸入30 min,CT檢查前30 min內(nèi)進(jìn)行肺部超聲檢查,并在心尖四腔心切面獲得左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF),并完成APACHE-Ⅱ、SOFA評分及OI。此后大致相同條件相同時間段進(jìn)行D2、D3 LUS評分及APACHE-Ⅱ評分、SOFA評分及OI。

    1.3 APACHE-Ⅱ、SOFA評分、LUS評分

    APACHE-II評分為急性生理學(xué)與慢性健康狀況評分系統(tǒng),評估內(nèi)容包括體溫、血壓、血肌酐水平等17項急性生理學(xué)評分、年齡評分、慢性健康狀況評分,三項評分總分值即為APACHE-Ⅱ評分值,最高分值為71分,分值越高,表示病情越嚴(yán)重,預(yù)后越差,病死率越高[6,7];SOFA評分為序貫器官衰竭評分,由呼吸功能、凝血功能、肝功能、心血管功能、神經(jīng)功能及腎臟功能構(gòu)成,每項評分0~4分,總分為24分,分值越高,預(yù)后越差[8-10];LUS評分為肺部超聲評分,最早在Soummer等[11]研究中提出,其研究表明分值越大,患者呼吸窘迫發(fā)生率越高,拔管失敗的風(fēng)險越高。目前LUS已經(jīng)有多種評分方法,本項研究采用Monastesse[12]評分方法,將患者胸部分為12個分區(qū),每個分區(qū)分值總和即為肺部超聲評分值,最高分值為36分,分值越高,表示病情越嚴(yán)重,預(yù)后越差。

    1.4 檢查方法

    采用SonoSite S Series S-ICUTM型號醫(yī)用彩色超聲儀,搭載探頭SonoSite P21 1~5 MHz和SonoSite HFL 38 6~13 MHz,P21探頭主要用于肺部超聲檢查及心臟檢查,HFL38探頭主要用于觀察胸膜線情況。采用圖1所示方法,整個胸部分為12個分區(qū)。掃查每個分區(qū)以肺部LUS評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)最高值作為記錄值,記錄每個肺部分區(qū)分值,12個分區(qū)分值總和即為肺部超聲評分值,分值在0~36分之間,最小值0分代表正常肺組織通氣;最高分值36分,代表肺組織嚴(yán)重實變?;颊邫z查時間控制在5 min以內(nèi),肺部超聲檢查醫(yī)師均為同一個醫(yī)師,且對患者臨床資料不知情。

    肺部超聲評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[11,12]:單個肺部超聲切面出現(xiàn)水平A線或兩側(cè)胸壁B線≤2條,代表正常肺組織通氣區(qū)(圖2A),計0分;單個肺部超聲切面出現(xiàn)多發(fā)典型B7線,代表中度肺組織通氣減少區(qū)(圖2B),計1分;單個肺部超聲切面出現(xiàn)多發(fā)融合B3線,代表重度肺組織通氣減少區(qū)(圖2C),計2分;單個肺部超聲切面出現(xiàn)肺葉實變,代表肺組織嚴(yán)重的失氣化(圖2D),計3分(圖2)。

    1.5 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法

    采用SPSS18.0統(tǒng)計軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析,計量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,計數(shù)資料用χ2檢驗。組間比較使用t檢驗。Pearson相關(guān)系數(shù)分析D1、D2、D3 LUS評分與OI、APACHE-Ⅱ評分、SOFA評分之間的相關(guān)性;繪制ROC曲線計算出LUS評分在輕中度組和重度組之間的界值,預(yù)測重度組敏感性和特異性。P<0.05表示差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。

    2 結(jié)果

    2.1 LUS評分與OI、APACHE-Ⅱ評分、SOFA評分相關(guān)性

    采用spearson相關(guān)分析D1、D2、D3 LUS評分與之對應(yīng)D1、D2、D3 OI、APACHE-Ⅱ評分、SOFA評分之間的相關(guān)性,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)LUS評分與D1時OI負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.419,P=0.015),與APACHE-Ⅱ評分、SOFA評分正相關(guān)(r值分別為:0.414、0.477,P值分別為0.017、0.005);D2、D3時,LUS評分與APACHE-Ⅱ評分、SOFA評分依然具有較好的正相關(guān)性(D2 r值分別為0.392、0.368,P值分別為0.027、0.038;D3 r值分別為0.466、0.390,P值分別為:0.010、0.033)。見圖3~5。

    2.2 LUS評分評估ARDS嚴(yán)重程度價值

    通過LUS評分ROC曲線下面積(AUC)分析得到,當(dāng)LUS評分值≥20.5時提示患者病情嚴(yán)重,需警惕死亡發(fā)生,預(yù)測重度組敏感度為89%,特異度為79%。見圖6。

    3 討論

    目前ARDS診斷主要依靠臨床表現(xiàn)及胸部影像學(xué)改變,胸部CT被認(rèn)為是“金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”[13],但存在轉(zhuǎn)運風(fēng)險,重復(fù)性差,輻射損傷,床邊胸片檢查可避免轉(zhuǎn)運風(fēng)險,但影像分辨率差,病情反映滯后。LUS在ARDS應(yīng)用中具有明顯優(yōu)勢[14,15],表現(xiàn)間質(zhì)綜合征[16],可以通過B線進(jìn)行半定量評估[17];其次LUS屬無創(chuàng)檢查技術(shù),重復(fù)性強,特別是當(dāng)前ARDS沒有特異性高的生物學(xué)標(biāo)記物來監(jiān)測病情的情況下,LUS或許是合適的方式。

    ARDS時血管外肺水含量(extravascular lung water,EVLW)增加,可通過脈搏指示連續(xù)心輸出量監(jiān)測技術(shù)(pulse-indicated continuous cardiac output,PICCO)客觀地監(jiān)測EVLW評估患者病情。PICCO監(jiān)測技術(shù)屬于有創(chuàng)檢查,費用昂貴,不能常規(guī)開展。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)LUS評分與PICCO-EVLW呈明顯的正相關(guān)性,可以用來評估ARDS患者病情嚴(yán)重程[17-19],這與Bataille等[17]研究結(jié)果相符,與PICCO相比具有明顯優(yōu)勢;Ma等[20]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)ARDS患者LUS評分與胸部CT圖像表現(xiàn)存在很強的相關(guān)性,因此LUS評分評估ARDS患者病情提供了可行性。

    探討D1、D2、D3 LUS評分與傳統(tǒng)信度較好的臨床評分[19,21]如APACHE-Ⅱ評分、SOFA評分及OI進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),D1時LUS評分與它們都具有較高的相關(guān)性,與OI呈負(fù)相關(guān),與APACHE-Ⅱ評分、SOFA評分呈正相關(guān),這與之前的研究者[19,22,23]研究結(jié)論相一致;D2、D3時APACHE-Ⅱ評分、SOFA評分依舊呈較好的正相關(guān),說明LUS評分可以早期評估ARDS病情。目前LUS評分尚不統(tǒng)一,Bataille等[17]把胸部分為4個肺區(qū),最高值為20分,超過11分為重度ARDS,隨著評分值的增加病情越嚴(yán)重,研究提示LUS評分可以反映ARDS患者病情嚴(yán)重程度。Santos等[22]把胸部分為6個肺區(qū),最高分為24分;Volipicelli等[14]把胸部分為8區(qū),而此項研究采用Monastesse等[12]把胸部分為12個分區(qū),總分值為36分,根據(jù)ARDS肺內(nèi)病變特征,選擇這種評分方式比上述評分方法更全面更合理,更充分的反映患者肺部病情。本研究顯示LUS評分提示重度ARDS閾值為20.5,預(yù)測重度的敏感性為89%,特異度為75%,當(dāng)LUS評分>20.5時,患者死亡風(fēng)險明顯增高,這與Zhao等[19]研究結(jié)果相符。

    肺部超聲具有可重復(fù)、易操作無創(chuàng)快捷、無輻射損傷、經(jīng)濟廉價及患者家屬接受度高等諸多優(yōu)點,且肺部超聲評分可以很好地反映ARDS患者肺組織失氣化改變及肺通氣面積的缺失;LUS評分與氧合指數(shù)呈較明顯的負(fù)相關(guān),與APACHE-Ⅱ評分、SOFA評分、LIS評分、MODS評分呈較好的正相關(guān),特別在早期相關(guān)性更強,且具有一定的信度和穩(wěn)定性。肺部超聲評分可在臨床中用來評估ARDS患者病情嚴(yán)重程度,預(yù)測重度敏感性為89%,特異度為79%,特別是在疾病早期優(yōu)勢明顯。當(dāng)LUS評分超過20.5時,提示重度ARDS,死亡風(fēng)險極高。

    [參考文獻(xiàn)]

    [1] Afshari A,Brok J,Moller AM,et al. Inhaled nitric oxide for acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury in adults and children:A systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis[J]. Anesth Analg,2011,112(6):1411-1421.

    [2] Bellani G,Laffey JG,Pham T,et al.Epidemiology,patterns of care,and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries[J]. JAMA,2016,315(8):788-800.

    [3] Joyner CR Jr.,Herman RJ,Reid JM.Reflected ultrasound in the detection and localization of pleural effusion[J].JAMA,1967,200(5):399-402.

    [4] Ashton-Cleary DT. Is thoracic ultrasound a viable alternative to conventional imaging in the critical care setting?[J].Br J Anaesth,2013,111(2):152-160.

    [5] Copetti R,Soldati G,Copetti P.Chest sonography:A useful tool to differentiate acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema from acute respiratory distress syndrome[J]. Cardiovasc Ultrasound,2008,6:16.

    [6] 黎耀俊,李國明,林惠文.慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性發(fā)展期的臨床特征與APACHEⅡ評分的關(guān)系[J].中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生, 2009,47(21):87-88.

    [7] Knaus WA,Draper EA,Wagner DP,et al.APACHEⅡ:A severity of disease classification system[J]. Crit Care Med,1985,13(10):818-829.

    [8] Fullerton JN,Thompson K,Shetty A,et al. New sepsis definition changes incidence of sepsis in the intensive care unit[J].Crit Care Resusc,2017,19(1):9-13.

    [9] Siddiqui S,Chua M,Kumaresh V,et al.A comparison of pre ICU admission SIRS,EWS and q SOFA scores for predicting mortality and length of stay in ICU[J].J Crit Care,2017,41:191-193.

    [10] Vincent JL,Moreno R,Takala J,et al. The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure.On behalf of the working group on sepsis-related problems of the european society of intensive care medicine[J].Intensive Care Med,1996,22(7):707-710.

    [11] Soummer A,Perbet S,Brisson H,et al. Ultrasound assessment of lung aeration loss during a successful weaning trial predicts postextubation distress[J].Crit Care Med,2012,40(7):2064-2072.

    [12] Monastesse A,Girard F,Massicotte N,et al. Lung ultrasonography for the assessment of perioperative atelectasis:A pilot feasibility study[J].Anesth Analg,2017,124(2):494-504.

    [13] Mazzei MA,Guerrini S,Cioffi Squitieri N,et al.Role of computed tomography in the diagnosis of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome[J].Recenti Prog Med,2012,103(11):459-464.

    [14] Volpicelli G,Elbarbary M,Blaivas M,et al. International evidence-based recommendations for point-of-care lung ultrasound[J].Intensive Care Med,2012,38(4):577-591.

    [15] Volpicelli G.Point of care lung ultrasound[J]. Praxis,2014, 103(12):711-716.

    [16] 張磊,俞萬鈞,馬堅.超聲在肺部疾病中的臨床應(yīng)用[J].中國醫(yī)學(xué)影像技術(shù),2017,33(4):611.

    [17] Bataille B,Rao G,Cocquet P,et al. Accuracy of ultrasound B-lines score and E/Ea ratio to estimate extravascular lung water and its variations in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome[J]. J Clin Monit Comput,2015, 29(1):169-176.

    [18] 王敏佳,龔仕金,嚴(yán)靜,等.肺部超聲B線數(shù)目與血管外肺水的相關(guān)性分析[J].浙江醫(yī)學(xué),2016,38(2):109-111.

    [19] Zhao Z,Jiang L,Xi X,et al. Prognostic value of extravascular lung water assessed with lung ultrasound score by chest sonography in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome[J].BMC Pulm Med, 2015,15:98.

    [20] Ma H,Huang D,Guo L,et al. Strong correlation between lung ultrasound and chest computerized tomography imaging for the detection of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome in rats[J]. J Thorac Dis,2016, 8(7):1443-1448.

    [21] Macdonald SP,Arendts G,F(xiàn)atovich DM,et al. Comparison of PIRO, SOFA, and MEDS scores for predicting mortality in emergency department patients with severe sepsis and septic shock[J]. Acad Emerg Med,2014,21(11):1257-1263.

    [22] Santos TM,F(xiàn)ranci D,Coutinho CM,et al. A simplified ultrasound-based edema score to assess lung injury and clinical severity in septic patients[J]. Am J Emerg Med,2013,31(12):1656-1660.

    [23] Li L,Yang Q,Li L,et al. The value of lung ultrasound score on evaluating clinical severity and prognosis in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome[J]. Zhong-hua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue,2015,27(7):579-584.

    猜你喜歡
    急性呼吸窘迫綜合征
    探討兒童重癥麻疹合并急性呼吸窘迫綜合征的綜合護(hù)理模式效果
    探討43例胸部創(chuàng)傷導(dǎo)致急性呼吸窘迫綜合征的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及護(hù)理措施
    大劑量沐舒坦對急性呼吸窘迫綜合征患者肺損傷程度、血氣指標(biāo)和血清SOD活力的影響
    肺保護(hù)性通氣治療嚴(yán)重胸外傷致急性呼吸窘迫綜合征的護(hù)理體會
    抗凝治療在急性呼吸窘迫綜合征患者治療中的臨床應(yīng)用評估
    PICCO監(jiān)護(hù)儀觀察ARDS肺血管內(nèi)皮通透性的臨床研究
    先心病術(shù)后ARDS患兒肺復(fù)張方法研究
    骨科損傷控制治療嚴(yán)重骨盆骨折的臨床效果
    急性呼吸窘迫綜合征患者NT—proBNP與病情嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后的關(guān)系
    肺表面活性物質(zhì)治療足月新生兒急性呼吸窘迫綜合征的效果分析
    临武县| 论坛| 宁津县| 陆河县| 贵港市| 柘城县| 黄山市| 大埔区| 汕尾市| 景谷| 营山县| 张家界市| 莒南县| 类乌齐县| 新蔡县| 长顺县| 英吉沙县| 明星| 凤翔县| 西丰县| 延寿县| 大同县| 长宁区| 徐汇区| 汉阴县| 杭锦后旗| 兰溪市| 辽宁省| 昂仁县| 南部县| 万山特区| 台州市| 靖西县| 吉木乃县| 上饶市| 陆丰市| 彭州市| 兴化市| 江华| 长阳| 拜泉县|