考納斯汽車站，考納斯，立陶宛

建筑設(shè)計：Dviej?工作組

Architects: Dviej? grup?

1 外景/Exterior view

2 模型/Model

從某種意義上來說，在這項重建項目之前，考納斯市并沒有汽車站。雖然該市的確有座80年歷史的汽車站，但僅為一棟紅磚建筑。其內(nèi)的售票管理部門和乘客大廳面朝一處露天區(qū)域，大巴可在此停車接客。這與當(dāng)代的汽車站標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有著天壤之別——它包含了舒適的候車廳、售票處、額外設(shè)施（如零售店或咖啡廳），巴士?？奎c設(shè)計合理，可遮擋雨雪等。

這座全新的考納斯汽車站由私人資金投資興建，于2017年重新運營，深受廣大群眾的好評并贏得專業(yè)人士的贊美。該重建項目體現(xiàn)了建筑的優(yōu)雅特性，與該市的歷史背景相輔相成，展示了對基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施進行實用規(guī)劃的巧實力。

這座車站極具當(dāng)代風(fēng)采，以當(dāng)?shù)氐慕ㄖ殪`感，不再只是舒適的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施；它已成為立陶宛第二大城市的一座地標(biāo)。

這棟新大樓沿街而建，與該街道的輪廓完美相融：其高度和比例與相鄰的建筑呼應(yīng)；簡單的造型及樸實的外觀映射出立陶宛在兩次世界大戰(zhàn)期間的建筑風(fēng)格——即所謂的“考納斯現(xiàn)代主義”。正面外墻豎有一塊被“擠壓”出來的矩形“盒子”（附有時鐘），讓汽車站在街景中占有一席之地。伸長的懸臂集多功能于一身，可作為防雨入口、公共空間、城市巴士的候車區(qū)。

該建筑簡約實用的設(shè)計為用戶帶來便利：零售的部分面朝街道，而汽車站的基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)則朝向停放巴士的后院。汽車站昔日的紅磚建筑被保留下來并巧妙地融入新建筑內(nèi)，為其增添了新價值，更加吸引眼球。不僅如此，底樓的餐廳更為其涂上一抹新的色彩。

地下停車場、新的十字路口、街道，這類全新的交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施方案合理規(guī)劃了巴士的行駛路線和傳送服務(wù)，并且解決了附近的車輛通行問題。

最重要的一點，該汽車站為市民和游客提供了公共迎賓空間， 同時充當(dāng)了周邊重建的催化劑?！?（王單單 譯）

3 近景/Close shot

Before the reconstruction, Kaunas city didn't have bus station, it could be said. Of course, officially it had been there for 80 years already: a red brick building,accommodating administration and passengers hall were facing an open air plot where the buses were stopping to collect their clients. However, it was far away from the standard of a contamporary bus station with a comfortable waiting hall, ticket booths and other services, such as retail or cafe, and rationally organised bus stops, covered from the snow and rain.

Built by a private money, the new Kaunas bus station was re-opened in 2017 to get praises from proffessionals and warm acceptance by the public.The project of reconstructed bus station features architectural elegance, harmonised with the historic context of the city and smart organisation of active,utilitarian programme of an infrastructural object.

Overtly contemporary, inspired by local architecture building is much more than a comfortable infrastructure facility: it became a landmark of the second city of Lithuania.

The architects designed a new building along the street, thus forming a consistent silhouette of the street. The height, the scale correspond to the adjacent buildings; simple shape and modest facade refer to vernacular interwar period style, so called"Kaunas' modernism". The main facade features a rectangular extruded "box" with a clock, giving the bus station certain visibility in the streetscape, and a long cantilever, creating a rain-proof entrance, public space and a waiting area for the city buses at once.

Simple functional scheme allows comfortable use of the building: retail part is orientated towards the street, and the bus station‘s infrastructure – towards the backyard, where the parking for the buses is organised.An old red brick building of the station was preserved and integrated sensitively into the new complex, thus acquring a new value and visibility. A restaurant, set on the ground floor, brought new life to it.

The new transport infrastructure solutions –undergound parking, new crossroads and a street –helped to organise movement of buses, courier services rationally, and to solve the mobility problems in the vicinity.

But most importantly, the bus station works as a welcoming public space for citizens and tourists, as well as the catalyst for the regeneration of the surrounding area. □ (Text by Rūta Leitanait?)

4 立面/Facades

5 進站口/Stop mouth

評論

張路峰：長途汽車站是功能性較強的建筑類型，其設(shè)計一方面追求高效快捷，讓乘客快速集散；另一方面作為城市門戶還有成為城市地標(biāo)、公共空間甚至社區(qū)觸媒的訴求。在本例中，設(shè)計者很妥當(dāng)?shù)靥幚砹斯δ苄院蜆?biāo)志性的關(guān)系：平直的沿街立面與相鄰建筑相比在高度上不占優(yōu)勢，但檐口線在入口上方的陡然凸起，一舉抓住了過客的眼球；前后檐廊空間本來沒有差別，而僅靠懸垂下來的燈桿傾斜方向的小小變化，就賦予該空間以明確的方向感和識別性，可謂“四兩撥千斤”之舉。在材料運用方面也很節(jié)制：冷酷的金屬質(zhì)感和溫暖的木質(zhì)色調(diào)形成對比，使建筑空間氛圍在時尚和傳統(tǒng)之間達到某種平衡。

Comments

ZHANG Lufeng: Long-distance bus terminals can be regarded as a functional type of architecture. On the one hand, the design aims for high efficiency and convenience to organise the movement of passengers,while, on the other hand, it acts as a gateway to the city, as well as a landmark, a public space and even a catalyst for community development. In this project, the architect tackled the relationship between functionality and symbolism effectively. Although the straight facade along the street has no advantage over its adjacent buildings in terms of the height, the cornice is raised above the main entrance which makes the station more visible. The front and back eave galleries don't change,but the subtle change of the hanging-down lamp posts' oblique direction provides the space with a clear sense of direction and recognizability; a difficult task achieved with minimal effort. In terms of materials,the bus station can be described as modest: the cold metal texture contrasts with the warm wooden tone,which allows the atmosphere of this architectural space to strike a balance between modernity and tradition.(Translated by Dandan Wang)

6 首層平面/Ground floor plan

7 二層平面/Floor 1 plan

8 坡道/Rampway

9 接駁處/Connection

10 停車場/Parking

11 內(nèi)景/Interior view

安娜瑪麗亞·安德里佐尤：由于其作為交通換乘空間的功能屬性，公交站通常占據(jù)了極少的建成環(huán)境認(rèn)知。但在這一項目中，建筑師選擇了一種極具視覺識別性的建筑元素，即主導(dǎo)了車站形象的屋頂。屋頂夸張的尺度吸引了行人注意，確保建筑不被忽視，而是被記住。它漂浮于空間上方，明確標(biāo)示室外交通流量的匯集處，如同交通樞紐中常見的那樣，而沒有破壞建筑的整體形象。它傳達了一種庇護所的概念和保護的意味。同時，室內(nèi)色彩的組合、飾面材料的選擇和照明設(shè)備的配置也塑造了一種邀請的、舒適的氛圍，這一點又使其超越了常規(guī)的公共交通樞紐。（陳茜 譯）

Anamaria Andritoiu: Because of its function as transitional space, a bus station allows for minimal recognition of the built environment. For this project a choice was made for a extremely visible architectural element, the roof, that dominates the image of the station; its exaggerated scale draws attention and ensures the building is not overlooked, but memorable.It floats above the built space, unequivocally marks the exterior at a level where traffic which is to be expected in a transport hub, does not interfere with the image.It communicates an idea of shelter, protection, while the tone of the interior chromatics, choice of finishing materials and light fixtures delivers a more inviting and confortable feeling than would be expected in a public transport hub.

項目信息/Credits and Data

項目團隊/Project Team: 設(shè)計/Author: Gintaras Bal?ytis聯(lián)合設(shè)計/Co-authors: K?stutis Vaik?noras, Paulius Vaitiekūnas, Jurgita ?niepien?

建造/Constructor: Eugenijus Skirius

總建筑面積/Total Area of the Building: 13,200 m2

繪圖面積/Plot Area: 14,608 m2

項目周期/Project: 2014-2016

開放/Opening: 2017

造價/Cost: €10,000,000

圖片版權(quán)/Courtesy: Dviej? grup?