狀語(yǔ)從句與分詞作狀語(yǔ)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

劉華

時(shí)間、原因等狀語(yǔ)從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成分詞作狀語(yǔ)，但這種轉(zhuǎn)換是有條件的，也可以總結(jié)出一些規(guī)律。

一、基本規(guī)則，也是最重要的規(guī)則：從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)必須一致，從句變成分詞作狀語(yǔ)，而主句不變。如：

1. They did not go to the party because they had a lot of work to do.

此句because 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，由于從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)都是they，可以把從句中的because和they去掉，把had變成having，即成現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)：

Having a lot of work to do，they did not go to the party.

2. When ice is heated， it will be changed into water.

此句when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，由于從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)都是ice， 可以把從句中的主語(yǔ)和be 動(dòng)詞去掉，或者連詞when 也可以去掉，改成過(guò)去分詞heated作狀語(yǔ)。

When heated， ice will be changed into water.

或者Heated， ice will be changed into water.

二、從句的主語(yǔ)如果與主句的主語(yǔ)之間邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，動(dòng)作為正在進(jìn)行或完成，則轉(zhuǎn)換成現(xiàn)在分詞;如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則轉(zhuǎn)換成過(guò)去分詞。

1. When he heard a cry for help，he rushed out.

從句中，he 與hear是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示“他聽(tīng)見(jiàn)”，可變成現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，或者保留連詞。

Hearing a cry for help，he rushed out.

When hearing a cry for help， he rushed out.

2. After the girl learned some simple Chinese， she was able to communicate with us.

after引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，learn some simple Chinese 與be able to communicate with us 之間有先后順序，則句子可以轉(zhuǎn)換為：

After learning some simple Chinese， she was able to communicate with us. （用after 表示動(dòng)作先后）

或 Having learned some simple Chinese， she was able to communicate with us. （用having done 表示動(dòng)作先后）

3. Because he hadnt finished his homework， he didnt watch the football match.

because 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，但從句的動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作之前，分詞要用完成式，則句子可以轉(zhuǎn)化為：

Not having finished his homework， he didnt watch the football match. （注意：not 放在分詞的前面）

4. When he was asked by the teacher， he answered politely.

when 引導(dǎo)的從句中，he和ask是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則變成過(guò)去分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，或保留連詞。

Asked by the teacher， he answered politely.

或 When asked by the teacher， he answered politely.

5. When the tall building was attacked by terrorists， the tall building collapsed.

when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致。根據(jù)句意;大樓因?yàn)槭艿娇植婪肿拥囊u擊而倒塌，從句動(dòng)作先于主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作，則句子可轉(zhuǎn)換為：

Having been attacked by terrorists， the tall building collapsed.

三、如果從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不一致，該怎么辦？請(qǐng)看下例：

1. As the heroes deeds moved them deeply，they decided to study even harder.

句中，主句的主語(yǔ)是they，而從句主語(yǔ)是the heroes deeds，主語(yǔ)不一致，這時(shí)可以把從句變換一下句型，變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。即： As they were deeply moved by the heroes deeds.從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)都是they，就可轉(zhuǎn)換成：

Deeply moved by the heroes deeds， they decided to study even harder.

2. The professor came into the lab; a group of students followed him.

這是兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，如果中間加個(gè)and也可看成并列句。因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)不同，可以先把第二句變成：He was followed by a group of students.全句就可轉(zhuǎn)換成：

Followed by a group of students，the professor came into the lab.

四、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)應(yīng)保持一致，但當(dāng)分詞邏輯主語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，分詞要有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種主語(yǔ)常常是名詞或代詞，置于動(dòng)詞-ing形式或動(dòng)詞-ed 形式之前。這種“名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞-ing/動(dòng)詞-ed”結(jié)構(gòu)在語(yǔ)法上被稱(chēng)為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。此時(shí)分詞形式的選擇取決于名詞/代詞與v-ing / v-ed 形式所表示動(dòng)作的邏輯關(guān)系，如果它們之間表示主動(dòng)或分詞動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，選擇現(xiàn)在分詞，如果它們之間表示被動(dòng)或完成，選擇過(guò)去分詞。

1. When spring came， the trees turned green.

可把狀語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)變成名詞 + v-ing。

Spring coming， the trees turned green.

2. Because the question was settled， they felt released.

可把原因狀語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊~ + v-ed 的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：

The question settled， they felt released.

鞏固練習(xí)

1. The type and quantity of illegal drugs a person is carrying when???? by the police determine the punishment，????? ? ? ? ? from a small fine to life imprisonment.

A. caught; ranging B. caught; ranged

C. catching; ranging D. catching; ranged

2.??? ? ? ? ??? a record breaking seven Golden Globes， the musical La La Land surprisingly does not appeal to Chinese viewers.

A. Winning B. Won

C. Having won D. To win

3. —Sharon， why is the man so upset now？

—His wallet， mobile phone and ID card??? ? ? ? ? ， the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station.

A. was stolen B. stolen

C. being stolen D. having stolen

4. Newly???? ? ? ? ?? chairman of the Chinese Basketball Association， Yao Ming has put reforming the domestic games management at the top of his agenda.

A. appointing B. appointed

C. being appointed D. having appointed

5. To the couples great surprise， the house was in a mess as if???? ? ? ? ? .

A. breaking into B. having broken into

C. broken into D. being broken into

6. Much time?? ? ? ? ???? sitting at a desk， office workers are generally troubled by health problems.

A. being spent B. having spent

C. spent D. spending

7. Children， when?? ????? by their parents， are allowed to enter the stadium.

A. to be accompanied B. to accompany

C. accompanying D. accompanied

8.???? ? ?? it easier to get in touch with us， youd better keep this card at hand.

A. Made B. Make

C. Making D. To make

9.? ? ? ? ?many times， but he still couldnt understand it.

A. Having been told

B. Told

C. He was told

D. Though he had been told

10. Dina，??? ? ??? for months to find a job as a waitress， finally took a position at a local advertising agency.

A. struggling B. struggled

C. having struggled D. to struggle

參考答案

1—5 ACBBC 6—10 CDDCC