徐慧雯,郝文婷,陳德生,張雅文,陸云娟,李向陽,秦蘇萍,潘 偉*
(1.江蘇省免疫與代謝重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,江蘇 徐州 221004;2.徐州醫(yī)科大學(xué)病原生物學(xué)與免疫學(xué)教研室,江蘇 徐州 221004; 3.徐州醫(yī)科大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)系,江蘇 徐州 221004)
研究報(bào)告
DBA/1J小鼠膠原誘導(dǎo)關(guān)節(jié)炎模型的建立與鑒定
徐慧雯1, 2, 3#,郝文婷1, 2#,陳德生1, 2, 3,張雅文1, 2, 3,陸云娟1, 2, 3,李向陽1, 2,秦蘇萍1, 2,潘 偉1, 2*
(1.江蘇省免疫與代謝重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,江蘇 徐州 221004;2.徐州醫(yī)科大學(xué)病原生物學(xué)與免疫學(xué)教研室,江蘇 徐州 221004; 3.徐州醫(yī)科大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)系,江蘇 徐州 221004)
目的建立DBA/1J小鼠膠原誘導(dǎo)性關(guān)節(jié)炎(collagen-induced arthritis,CIA)模型,從形態(tài)學(xué)、病理學(xué)及免疫學(xué)等多方面對(duì)該模型進(jìn)行鑒定。方法將牛Ⅱ型膠原(type Ⅱ collagen,CⅡ)與佐劑混合并充分乳化,于DBA/1J小鼠尾根部皮下注射進(jìn)行初次免疫,21 d后同樣的方法進(jìn)行再次免疫。觀察小鼠體重變化、關(guān)節(jié)腫脹程度等形態(tài)學(xué)指標(biāo),進(jìn)行踝關(guān)節(jié)病理檢查,并用CBA法檢測(cè)血清中細(xì)胞因子的水平。結(jié)果造模組小鼠體重于首免后35 d開始下降并持續(xù)低于對(duì)照組。于28 d,造模組小鼠出現(xiàn)足爪紅腫,35 d足爪腫脹厚度顯著高于對(duì)照組(P< 0.05),至62 d發(fā)病率高達(dá)90%。病理學(xué)檢測(cè)顯示,造模組小鼠關(guān)節(jié)腔變窄,滑膜組織增生,炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),軟骨結(jié)構(gòu)不同程度破壞。相比于對(duì)照組,造模組小鼠血清中炎性因子IL-6、IFN-γ、MCP-1顯著升高(P< 0.05),而抗炎因子IL-10輕微下降(P> 0.05)。結(jié)論DBA/1J小鼠尾根部皮下注射牛Ⅱ型膠原可成功誘導(dǎo)CIA模型。
DBA/1J小鼠;牛Ⅱ型膠原;膠原誘導(dǎo)性關(guān)節(jié)炎模型;炎癥因子
類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一種以關(guān)節(jié)滑膜炎癥、關(guān)節(jié)進(jìn)行性破壞為主要病理特征的慢性自身免疫性疾病。其全球發(fā)病率約0.24%,且近年來患病人群趨于年輕化[1]。RA病程持續(xù)且反復(fù)發(fā)作,最終導(dǎo)致關(guān)節(jié)畸形,引起功能障礙,其致畸率高達(dá)90%以上。迄今為止,RA的病因尚未明確,但已明確其發(fā)病機(jī)制與Th1/Th2軸、Th17/Treg軸失衡以及促炎因子過量釋放、抑炎因子釋放減少有關(guān)。為深入探討RA病因、病理、免疫學(xué)及臨床等方面的機(jī)制,尋找更有效的RA治療方案,國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者建立了一些比較成熟的動(dòng)物病理模型[2],如膠原誘導(dǎo)的關(guān)節(jié)炎(collagen-induced arthritis,CIA)和佐劑性關(guān)節(jié)炎(adjuvant-induced arthritis,AA)。相比于AA,Trentham[3]于1977年首次建立的CIA模型在臨床癥狀、病理學(xué)變化和免疫學(xué)指標(biāo)等方面與RA更為相似。大鼠、小鼠或靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物均曾用于CIA模型的制作研究,其中,DBA/1(H-2q)小鼠品系誘導(dǎo)CIA發(fā)病率高(約90%),其滑膜炎等病理變化類似人RA[4]。本文采用牛Ⅱ型膠原(type Ⅱ collagen,CⅡ)免疫DBA/1J小鼠誘導(dǎo)出關(guān)節(jié)炎模型,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了鑒定,可為研究RA病理機(jī)制及評(píng)價(jià)RA治療藥物效果提供實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)。
1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物
40只雌性SPF級(jí)DBA/1J小鼠,7~8周齡,體重15~18 g,購(gòu)自北京維通利華實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物技術(shù)有限公司【SCXK(蘇)2015-0009】。
1.2試劑與儀器
C Ⅱ(Chondrex公司,貨號(hào):2002-2);弗氏完全佐劑(含卡介苗,CFA,Sigma公司);弗氏不完全佐劑(不含卡介苗,IFA,Sigma公司);Mouse Inflammation Kit(BD公司,貨號(hào):552364,美國(guó));離心機(jī)(Eppendorf公司,德國(guó));FACSCanto Ⅱ流式細(xì)胞儀(BD公司,美國(guó));FCAP 3.0軟件(BD公司,美國(guó))。1.3CIA模型制備
參照文獻(xiàn)[5]制備CIA模型。40只雌性DBA/1J小鼠隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和造模組。將CⅡ與CFA等體積混合乳化制成CⅡ膠原乳劑。無菌條件下以每只0.1 mg的劑量在小鼠尾根部皮下注射,首免當(dāng)日記為1 d。在21 d,將CⅡ與IFA等體積混合乳化,再次注射于小鼠尾根部皮下,劑量同前。對(duì)照組在1 d及21 d分別注射等體積完全及不完全佐劑。所有小鼠均正常飼養(yǎng)于SPF環(huán)境【SYXK(蘇)2016-0028】。按實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物使用的3R原則給予人道主義關(guān)懷。1.4CIA模型鑒定
1.4.1 形態(tài)學(xué)觀察
監(jiān)測(cè)小鼠體重、關(guān)節(jié)炎發(fā)生率、足爪腫脹程度等。
1.4.2 病理學(xué)變化
首免62 d后處死小鼠,取后足踝關(guān)節(jié)置于10%福爾馬林中固定,經(jīng)EDTA脫鈣后制備石蠟切片,再進(jìn)行HE及番紅O-固綠染色,置于光學(xué)顯微鏡下觀察。
1.4.3 免疫學(xué)改變
于首免62 d后剖殺小鼠,收集血清,采用CBA法測(cè)定血清中IL-6、IL-17、IL-10、IFN-γ、TNF-α、MCP-1的含量,具體操作詳見說明書。將標(biāo)記好的樣本用FACS CantoⅡ流式細(xì)胞儀進(jìn)行檢測(cè),利用FCAP 3.0軟件進(jìn)行細(xì)胞因子濃度的換算,測(cè)定結(jié)果以pg/mL為單位。
1.5統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
2.1CIA小鼠體重變化
造模組小鼠體重在首次免疫21 d后開始高于對(duì)照組,而在35 d時(shí),體重開始下降,并持續(xù)到實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束,體重變化相比于對(duì)照組差異無顯著性(P> 0.05)。(如圖1所示)。
圖1 CIA小鼠體重變化Fig.1 Body weight changes of the CIA mice
2.2CIA發(fā)生率
圖2 小鼠CIA發(fā)生率Fig.2 Incidence rates of CIA in the mice
造模組小鼠于首次免疫后28 d,開始發(fā)病,35 d后發(fā)病率驟升;至62 d達(dá)到最高峰,發(fā)病率為90.0%(18/20)(如圖2所示)。而正常組均未發(fā)病。2.3CIA小鼠足掌腫脹程度
首次免疫后35 d,模型組小鼠足爪厚度開始增加,顯著高于對(duì)照組(0.01
2.4CIA小鼠踝關(guān)節(jié)病理變化
注:與對(duì)照組相比,*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01。圖3 CIA小鼠足爪腫脹厚度動(dòng)態(tài)變化Note. Compared with the control group,*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01.Fig.3 Dynamic changes of swollen paws of the mice
2.4.1 HE染色結(jié)果
對(duì)照組小鼠踝關(guān)節(jié)的關(guān)節(jié)面完整,軟骨呈粉紅淡染,關(guān)節(jié)間隙正常,滑膜組織結(jié)構(gòu)光滑,未見滑膜增生及炎性細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)現(xiàn)象(圖4a);而造模組小鼠滑膜組織嚴(yán)重增生,炎癥細(xì)胞大量浸潤(rùn),關(guān)節(jié)間隙嚴(yán)重縮窄,關(guān)節(jié)軟骨破壞嚴(yán)重(圖4b)。
注:a: 正常組;b: 造模組。圖4 小鼠踝關(guān)節(jié)HE染色(×40)Note. a: Normal group; b: CIA group.Fig.4 Histology of ankle joints of the mice. HE staining
注:a: 正常組;b: 造模組。圖5 小鼠踝關(guān)節(jié)番紅O-快綠染色(×40)Note. a: Normal group; b: CIA group.Fig.5 Histology of ankle joints of the mice. Safranin O-fast green staining
注:與對(duì)照組相比,*P < 0.05。圖6 CIA小鼠血清炎癥因子水平Note. Compared with the control group,*P< 0.05.Fig.6 Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines of the CIA mice
2.4.2 番紅O-快綠染色結(jié)果
正常組小鼠踝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨組織光滑、完整(圖5a);造模組可見軟骨層缺損較嚴(yán)重,軟骨細(xì)胞大量壞死,僅有散在番紅O著色,軟骨下潮線缺損,基質(zhì)紊亂,細(xì)胞分布雜亂(圖5b)。
2.5CIA小鼠血清炎癥因子水平
如圖6所示,造模組小鼠血清中促炎因子IL-6、IFN-γ、MCP-1水平顯著高于對(duì)照組(P< 0.05),而抑炎因子IL-10低于對(duì)照組(P> 0.05),表明模型組小鼠炎癥反應(yīng)明顯。此外,與對(duì)照組相比,模型組小鼠血清中IL-17A、TNF水平下降(如圖6)。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)以雌性DBA/1J小鼠為對(duì)象,通過尾根部皮下注射C Ⅱ膠原乳劑,誘導(dǎo)CIA模型。首免28 d后,小鼠后足紅腫,之后延伸到前足,并伴有體重下降現(xiàn)象。至實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)┢冢珻IA發(fā)病率可達(dá)90%;造模小鼠血清IL-6、IFN-γ、MCP-1等促炎因子升高而抑炎因子IL-10降低,表明本實(shí)驗(yàn)成功誘導(dǎo)小鼠CIA模型。
有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,DBA/1品系雄性小鼠比雌性對(duì)CIA更易感,其原因與雄性小鼠的應(yīng)激因素和行為因素有關(guān),雄鼠間的互相攻擊可提高對(duì)CIA的易感性且對(duì)嚴(yán)重自發(fā)性肌腱附著點(diǎn)病變的發(fā)展有促進(jìn)作用[6]。實(shí)際上,RA女性發(fā)病率明顯高于男性[7],男女發(fā)病比約為1∶2~1∶3。故本研究特選用雌性小鼠進(jìn)行造模,發(fā)病率高達(dá)90%,略低于文獻(xiàn)中雄性小鼠發(fā)病率,但更符合人類RA發(fā)病性別特征,可為RA致病機(jī)制研究及RA藥物效果評(píng)價(jià)提供較好的實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)P汀?/p>
Th1/Th2細(xì)胞平衡紊亂及Th17細(xì)胞活化被公認(rèn)為RA發(fā)病的重要機(jī)制之一[8]。CD4+T細(xì)胞被自身抗原或細(xì)胞因子刺激活化后,可分化為不同的功能亞群,例如Th1通過分泌IFN-γ、IL-6、TNF-α等效應(yīng)因子介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞免疫,其功能異常將導(dǎo)致自身免疫病、慢性炎癥等病理損傷[9],而Th2通過分泌IL-4、IL-10等效應(yīng)因子發(fā)揮抗炎作用[10]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)模型小鼠血清中Th1相關(guān)的促炎因子IL-6、IFN-γ和MCP-1顯著增加(P< 0.05),而Th2相關(guān)的抑炎因子IL-10降低,表明在CIA發(fā)病階段Th1反應(yīng)占主導(dǎo)地位,提示CIA小鼠發(fā)病與Th1/Th2失平衡有關(guān)。而出乎意料的是造模組IL-17A及TNF水平并未明顯升高[11],這可能與剖殺小鼠時(shí)間略晚有關(guān)(首免62 d),此時(shí)小鼠關(guān)節(jié)炎癥已從急性期進(jìn)入消退期,相關(guān)炎癥因子的表達(dá)水平受免疫調(diào)節(jié)而有所下降。
綜上,本研究利用牛CⅡ免疫雌性DBA/1J小鼠,誘導(dǎo)出CIA模型,為進(jìn)一步研究RA的致病機(jī)制和藥物評(píng)價(jià)提供了實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)。
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EstablishmentandcharacterizationofaDBA/1Jmousemodelofcollagen-inducedarthritis
XU Hui-wen1, 2, 3#, HAO Wen-ting1, 2#, CHEN De-sheng1, 2, 3, ZHANG Ya-wen1, 2, 3,LU Yun-juan1, 2, 3, LI Xiang-yang1, 2, QIN Su-ping1, 2, PAN Wei1, 2*
(1.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism, Xuzhou 221004, China; 2.Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology,Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004; 3.Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004)
ObjectiveTo establish a DBA/1J mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and to characterize the pathological and immunological changes of the model.MethodsBovine type Ⅱ collagen (CⅡ) was emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), subcutaneously injected at the root of tail of DBA/1J mice for primary immunization, and the injection was repeated 21 days later for secondary immunization. The changes of body weight, degree of joint swelling and other morphological indicators of arthritis were observed and pathological changes in the ankle joints were analyzed. The serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected by cytometric bead assay (CBA).ResultsThe body weight of the CIA mice began to decrease 35 days after primary immunization and was continuously lower than that in the control group. 28 days after the primary immunization, their paws began to tern red and swollen, and after 35 days, the thickness of swollen paws of the CIA mice was significantly greater than that in the control group (P< 0.05). The incidence rate of CIA reached 90% on the 62nd day. Pathological examination showed a narrowed articular space, hyperplasia of synovial tissue, inflammatory cell infiltration and varying degrees of cartilaginous damage. Compared with the control group, the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IFN-γ and MCP-1 were significantly increased in the CIA mice (P< 0.05), while the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was slightly decreased (P> 0.05).ConclusionsA collagen-induced arthritis model can be successfully established by subcutaneous injection of bovine collagen type Ⅱ emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant at the root of tail of DBA/1J mice, and provides a useful experimental tool for further studies of pathogenesis of and drug development for rheumatoid arthritis.
DBA/1J mice; Bovine type Ⅱ collagen; Collagen-induced arthritis; Inflammatory cytokines
R-33
A
1671-7856(2017) 09-0007-04
10.3969.j.issn.1671-7856. 2017.09.002
2017-01-15
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(編號(hào):81501762);大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目基金(編號(hào):201510313017);江蘇省博士后科研資助計(jì)劃(編號(hào):1501061A);江蘇高校品牌專業(yè)建設(shè)工程一期項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):PPZY2015B161)。
徐慧雯(1995-),女,本科生,E-mail: xuhuiwen0210@163.com; 郝文婷(1992-),女,免疫學(xué)專業(yè)碩士,E-mail: 1126678568@qq.com。#共同第一作者
潘偉(1984-),男,博士,講師,主要從事自身免疫性疾病的分子免疫學(xué)研究。E-mail: panwei525@126.com