張 莉, 秦 斌, 馬師洋, 鄒百倉, 董 蕾, 楊 軍
西安交通大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院 1.消化內(nèi)科;2.病理科,陜西 西安 710004
其他論著
上消化道上皮內(nèi)瘤變的內(nèi)鏡下特征
張 莉1, 秦 斌1, 馬師洋1, 鄒百倉1, 董 蕾1, 楊 軍2
西安交通大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院 1.消化內(nèi)科;2.病理科,陜西 西安 710004
目的 探討上消化道上皮內(nèi)瘤變(intraepithelial neoplasia, IN)的內(nèi)鏡下特點,提高上消化道早癌的檢出率。方法 收集2015年7月-2016年7月在西安交通大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院因各種原因接受上消化內(nèi)鏡檢查的3 676例患者的臨床資料,其中檢出不同級別的IN者35例,結(jié)合病理結(jié)果,分析上消化道IN的內(nèi)鏡下特征。結(jié)果 主要累及部位是胃(22例),其次為食管(9例)、十二指腸(2例)、食管胃吻合口(1例)、殘胃(1例),食管IN最常見的內(nèi)鏡下表現(xiàn)為黏膜粗糙,其次為黏膜糜爛,較少見的表現(xiàn)有黏膜顏色的改變及小結(jié)節(jié)樣改變;胃病變中最常見的類型為平坦型(Ⅱ型),其次為凹陷型病變(Ⅱa+Ⅱc及Ⅰc)和隆起型病變(Ⅰa),白光內(nèi)鏡基礎(chǔ)上,圖像增強(qiáng)內(nèi)鏡(染色內(nèi)鏡、I-scan、BLI、LCI及NBI)有助于病變范圍及深度的判斷。結(jié)論 白光內(nèi)鏡精查基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)用內(nèi)鏡圖像增強(qiáng)技術(shù),有助于提高IN及早癌的檢出率。
上皮內(nèi)瘤變;原位癌;胃腸鏡;病理
癌前病變是一種組織學(xué)上的異常,其腫瘤的發(fā)生率比正常組織要高[1]。消化道的癌前病變先后被稱為異型增生(atypia)、不典型增生(dysplasia)和上皮內(nèi)瘤變(intraepithelial neoplsia, IN),三者意義相近,IN包括低級別上皮內(nèi)瘤變(low grade intraepithelial neoplaisa, LGIN)和高級別上皮內(nèi)瘤變(high grade intraepithelial neoplasia,HGIN),LGIN包括低度不典型增生(low grade dyaplasia,LGD)和中度不典型增生(mild grade dyplasia, MGD),而HGIN包括高度不典型增生(high grade dysplasia, HGD)和黏膜內(nèi)癌(cancer in situ)[2-3]。不管是LGIN還是HGIN均需要內(nèi)鏡嚴(yán)密觀測,同時需要內(nèi)鏡下干預(yù),如內(nèi)鏡下黏膜切除術(shù)(endoscopic mucosal resection, EMR)、內(nèi)鏡下黏膜剝離術(shù)(endoscopic submucosal dissection, ESD)[4]。在機(jī)會性篩查和高?;颊呔榈幕A(chǔ)上,發(fā)現(xiàn)各級IN及表淺癌,并對其進(jìn)行內(nèi)鏡隨訪與治療,對減少侵襲性腫瘤的發(fā)生,并最終降低腫瘤的病死率,具有重大意義[5-8]。
1.1 一般資料 收集2015年7月-2016年7月因各種原因在西安交通大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)鏡中心第四室(內(nèi)鏡中心共有4個檢查室,各室間人員定期輪換,分工無明顯差異)接受胃鏡檢查的患者3 676例,其中81例為可疑IN的患者內(nèi)鏡下取活檢行組織學(xué)檢查,35例證實為不同級別的IN[3, 9-10],診斷率為0.92%(35/3 676)。這35例患者年齡(40.3±15.6)歲(34~75歲),男27例,女8例,男女性別之比為3.75∶1,其中15例為LGIN,20例為HGIN伴/不伴局灶癌變,活檢陽性率為43.21%;同時期檢出上消化道進(jìn)展期惡性腫瘤者103例,年齡(56.0±12.4)歲,男63例,女40例,兩組在性別、年齡上相比,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),進(jìn)展期癌與IN的比值為2.94∶1。
1.2 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)食管、胃和十二指腸的表淺病變;(2)組織病理學(xué)診斷為LGD、MGD、HGD、LGIN、HGIN、局灶癌變及黏膜內(nèi)癌;其中LGD、MGD、LGIN均歸類為LGIN,HGD、HGIN、局灶癌變及黏膜內(nèi)癌均歸類為HGIN。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):接受內(nèi)鏡下切除或外科術(shù)后,與術(shù)前診斷不符,證明為進(jìn)展期癌、淋巴瘤,或有淋巴結(jié)及其他器官轉(zhuǎn)移的患者。在研究前,所有患者均簽訂知情同意書。病理學(xué)診斷評級參考國內(nèi)外標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[3, 9-10],由1名資深病理學(xué)醫(yī)師完成。
1.3 研究方法
1.3.1 所用內(nèi)鏡:潘泰克斯PANTAX EG29-i10內(nèi)鏡(PANTAX Medical corporation,Tokyo,Japan);奧林巴斯系列內(nèi)鏡:Olympus 290,Olympus 260J,Olympus 260z(Olympus,Tokyo,Japan);富士能內(nèi)鏡FUJINO EGL590WR(FUJIFILM Corporation,Tokyo,Japan)。
1.3.2 內(nèi)鏡前充分準(zhǔn)備:參考《消化管內(nèi)視鏡診斷》[11]及相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)[12],包括術(shù)前30 min,患者口服含有二甲硅油2.5 mg,鏈蛋白酶的溶液30 ml,術(shù)前10 min口服達(dá)克羅寧膠漿10 ml。
1.3.3 內(nèi)鏡觀察:第一步白光內(nèi)鏡下精查,發(fā)現(xiàn)可疑病變后,采用內(nèi)鏡圖像增強(qiáng)技術(shù),最后結(jié)合病理檢查結(jié)果,分析上消化道IN的內(nèi)鏡下特征。
內(nèi)鏡檢查時,根據(jù)食管附著的黏液量沖水50~100 ml,自食管上段開始每2 cm采集圖像1張,至齒狀線上共約10張;齒狀線在正常狀態(tài)下和深吸氣下各1張;胃竇前壁、小彎側(cè)、后壁、大彎側(cè)4張,幽門1張;反轉(zhuǎn)內(nèi)鏡,胃角正中、前壁、后壁2張,胃體下部、中部、上部各2張,胃底穹隆部1張;退鏡過程中胃體下部、中部、上部按照前壁、小彎側(cè)、后壁、大彎側(cè)各留圖4張;十二指腸球部采集帶有十二指腸上角圖1張,十二指腸降段帶有十二指腸乳頭的圖1張。
化學(xué)染色內(nèi)鏡:對發(fā)現(xiàn)有可疑病變的食管采用3%盧格式碘溶液自齒狀線至食管入口進(jìn)行噴灑染色,對胃內(nèi)可疑病變采用2%靛胭脂染色。按照巴黎分類[13],內(nèi)鏡下早期胃癌的肉眼分類為:隆起型(Ⅰ型)、平坦型(Ⅱ型)及凹陷型(Ⅲ型),其中Ⅱ型又再分為表淺隆起型(Ⅱa)、表淺平坦型(Ⅱb)及表淺凹陷型(Ⅱc),食管及十二指腸分類與之相似。
2.1 IN的分布 累及最多的部位是胃(22例,LGIN 11例,HGIN 11例),其中胃竇8例(LGIN 4例,HGIN 4例),胃體5例(HGIN 3例,LGIN 2例),胃角4例(LGIN 2例,HGIN 2例),賁門3例(LGIN 2例,HGIN 1例),幽門管(HGIN)1例,胃底(LGIN)1例;其次為食管9例(LGIN 2例,HGIN 7例);十二指腸2例,1例為十二指腸球部潰瘍(LGIN),1例為十二指腸乳頭增生性病變(LGIN);胃食管吻合口1例;殘胃1例;5例(20%)患者與殘胃有關(guān),包括1例吻合口LGIN,1例食管LGIN,1例食管HGIN,1例殘胃HGIN,2例重復(fù)癌,1例為胃竇進(jìn)展期腺癌合并胃體中-重度異型增生(HGIN);1例為賁門低分化腺癌,胃體中度異型增生(LGIN)。
2.2 內(nèi)鏡下特征 食管IN最常見的內(nèi)鏡下表現(xiàn)為黏膜粗糙、不平,其次為黏膜糜爛,較少見的表現(xiàn)有黏膜顏色的改變及小結(jié)節(jié)樣改變(見圖1)。胃病變中,最常見的類型為平坦型(Ⅱ型),平坦型中又以Ⅱa+Ⅱc最為常見,其次為Ⅱc及Ⅰa病變。白光內(nèi)鏡可以發(fā)現(xiàn)病變,在白光內(nèi)鏡的基礎(chǔ)上,再應(yīng)用電子染色內(nèi)鏡(包括I-scan及NBI)對表面結(jié)構(gòu)及血管進(jìn)行精細(xì)觀察,有助于明確病變的性質(zhì)和范圍。
上消化道腫瘤中,胃癌在世界的發(fā)病率居腫瘤類疾病的第4位,死亡率居第2位,每年死亡人數(shù)70多萬,其中3/4的新診斷病例出現(xiàn)在亞洲[14-15],食管癌居腫瘤發(fā)病率的第6位[16],以上均造成嚴(yán)重的腫瘤負(fù)擔(dān)。但早期癌和進(jìn)展期癌有顯著的預(yù)后差異,日本早期胃癌的診斷率約50%,我國僅為5%~10%,說明我國存在嚴(yán)重的早癌漏診情況[5,17]。有資料表明從LGIN進(jìn)展到侵襲性癌的時間為1~2年,而LGIN進(jìn)展為HGIN則僅為5~10個月[18]。內(nèi)鏡下篩查、隨訪是發(fā)現(xiàn)早期腫瘤及癌前病變的重要手段,對癌前狀態(tài)進(jìn)行處理,對LGIN密集隨訪或內(nèi)鏡下治療,對HGIN進(jìn)行內(nèi)鏡下切除可以明顯減少腫瘤的負(fù)擔(dān)[6,19]。然而國內(nèi)多個研究發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)鏡診斷為HGIN,外科手術(shù)后僅有一部分保持HGIN的診斷,很大一部分為早癌甚至為進(jìn)展期癌,LGIN也有在隨訪中證明為漏診早癌的報道,說明我國對IN的診斷存在一定的問題[20-24]。第一步白光內(nèi)鏡下觀察,再應(yīng)用圖像增強(qiáng)內(nèi)鏡手段,再換用靛胭脂(胃)、盧格式碘(食管)的色素內(nèi)鏡、電子染色內(nèi)鏡(包括NBI)可見提高IN及早癌的檢出率[25-30]。2007年中國上海10個醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)的早期胃癌篩選結(jié)果顯示,胃癌的檢出率為2%,其中早期胃癌占檢出病例的9.61%[31]。西安1991年-2002年三所大型醫(yī)院
圖1 食管下段鱗狀上皮MGD A1:白光下內(nèi)鏡下的Ⅱb病變;B1:I-scan的TE-e模式,病變范圍更加清晰;C1:盧格式碘染色素內(nèi)鏡可見不染區(qū);圖2 胃竇MGD病變 A2:白光內(nèi)鏡下的Ⅱa+Ⅱc病變;B2:I-scan的TE-v模式可見病變中央血管的紊亂;C2:I-scan的TE-g模式使病變黏膜結(jié)構(gòu)更加清晰;圖3 胃體下部HGIN A3:白光下Ⅱa+Ⅱc病變;B3:病變的NBI圖像;C3:NBI+放大后可見腺管結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂,微血管增粗;D3:NBI+放大可見病變乏血管區(qū);圖4 胃角HGIN A4:白光下可見黏膜發(fā)白、粗糙;B4:NBI下見黏膜顏色改變;C4:NBI+放大可見規(guī)則的腺管結(jié)構(gòu)消失,微血管紊亂,部分呈開瓶器樣;圖5 胃體上部低分化黏膜內(nèi)癌 A5:白光下的Ⅱc病變;B5:BLI下可見病變邊界規(guī)則,中央微結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂;C5:LCI下病變部位與正常黏膜顏色反差明顯的資料表明其中早期食管癌僅占全部食管癌的0.79%,早期賁門癌占賁門癌的0.96%,早期胃癌占胃癌的0.71%[32]。本研究中,隨機(jī)篩查基礎(chǔ)上IN的檢出率約為1%,IN與進(jìn)展期癌的比值約為3∶1,其中HGIN與進(jìn)展期癌的比值約為5∶1,診斷率明顯提高。說明熟悉IN及早癌的內(nèi)鏡下表現(xiàn),內(nèi)鏡前充分準(zhǔn)備,利用染色內(nèi)鏡、放大內(nèi)鏡可以提高IN的檢出率,并最終減少腫瘤的病死率。
Fig 1 Squamous epithelial MGD in lower esophagus A1: white light endoscopic view of Ⅱb lesion; B1: TE-e mode of I-scan highlighted the scope of the lesion; C1: chromoscopy with lugol’s iodine indicated unstained area; Fig 2 MGD lesion at the antrum A2: white light endoscopic view of Ⅱa+Ⅱc lesion; B2: TE-v mode of I-scan indicated irregular vascular at the center of the lesion; C2: TE-g mode of I-scan highlighted the mucosal structure of the lesion; Fig 3 HGIN at gastric lower body A3: white light endoscopic view of Ⅱ a+Ⅱ c; B3: NBI view of the lesion; C3: magnifying endoscopy with NBI indicated irregular pit pattern and enlarged microvascular; D3: magnifying endoscopy with NBI showed avasclular area (AVA) at the lesion; Fig 4 HGIN at the angulus A4: mucosal whiteness and coarse in white light image; B4: mucosal color change under NBI; C4: magnifying endoscopy with NBI indicated the loss of regular pit and corkscrew pattern of irregular microvascular; Fig 5 Mucosal undifferentiated carcinoma at the upper body A5: white light view of the Ⅱc lesion; B5: BLI highlighted a regular lesion with microstructure irregular at center part; C5: compare to normal mucosa, the color change was more abrupt in LCI
[1]Morson BC, Sobin LH, Grundmann E, et al. Precancerous conditions and epithelial dysplasia in the stomach [J]. J Clin Pathol, 1980, 33(8): 711-721.
[2]朱雄增. 胃腸道癌前病變和癌的WHO診斷新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[J]. 中華病理學(xué)雜志, 2003, 32(2): 168-169.
[3]Schlemper RJ, Riddell RH, Kato Y, et al. The Vienna classification of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia [J]. Gut, 2000, 47(2): 251-255.
[4]Uedo N, Yao K, Ishihara R. Screening and treating intermdiate lesions to prevent gastric cancer [J]. Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 2013, 42(2): 317-335.
[5]李兆申, 鄒文斌. 如何提高內(nèi)鏡下早期胃癌的診斷水平[J]. 胃腸病學(xué)和肝病學(xué)雜志, 2016, 25(6): 601-604. Li ZS, Zou WB. Optimizing early gastric cancer detection under gastroscopy [J]. Chin J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2016, 25(6): 601-604.
[6]中華醫(yī)學(xué)會消化內(nèi)鏡學(xué)分會, 中國抗癌協(xié)會腫瘤內(nèi)鏡學(xué)專業(yè)委員會. 中國早期胃癌篩查及內(nèi)鏡診治共識意見(2014年4月·長沙)[J]. 中華消化雜志, 2014, 34(7): 433-447. Digestive Endoscopy Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Cancer Endoscopy Specialized Committee, Anti-Cancer Association of China. Consensus opinion on early gastric cancer screening and endoscopic diagnosis and treatment in China (Apr. 2014, Changsha) [J]. Chin J Dig, 2014, 34(7): 433-447.
[7]Pimentel-Nunes P, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Ponchon T, et al. Endoscopic submucosal dissection: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline [J]. Endoscopy, 2015, 47(9): 829-854.
[8]Dinis-Ribeiro M, Areia M, de Vries AC, et al. Management of precancerous conditions and lesions in the stomach (MAPS): guideline from the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), European Helicobacter Study Group (EHSG), European Society of Pathology (ESP), and the Sociedade Portuguesa de Endoscopia Digestiva (SPED) [J]. Virchows Arch, 2012, 460(1): 19-46.
[9]Bosman FT, Carneiro F, Hruban RH, et al. WHO classification of tumors of the digestive system [M]. Lyon: IARC Press, 2010: 1-155.
[10]紀(jì)小龍. 消化道病理學(xué)[M].北京: 人民軍醫(yī)出版社, 2010: 293-294.
[11]長廻紘, 星原芳雄, 太田正穗, 等. 消化管內(nèi)視鏡診斷テキスト[M].3版.東京:文光堂株式會社, 2008: 118-136.
[12]Davis PA. The management of patients with gastric cancer: can west meet east? [J]. Jpn J Clin Oncol, 2000, 30(10): 463-464.
[13]Endoscopic Classification Review Group. Update on the paris classification of superficial neoplastic lesions in the digestive tract [J]. Endoscopy, 2005, 37(6): 570-578.
[14]Shen L, Shan YS, Hu HM, et al. Management of gastric cancer in Asia: resource-stratified guidelines [J]. Lancet Oncol, 2013, 14(12): e535-e547.
[15]Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012 [J]. Int J Cancer, 2015, 136(5): E359-E386.
[16]Ajani JA, D’Amico TA, Almhanna K, et al. Esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers, version 1.2015 [J]. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2015, 13(2): 194-227.
[17]Suh YS, Yang HK. Screening and early detection of gastric cancer: east versus west [J]. Surg Clin North Am, 2015, 95(5): 1053-1066.
[18]Berlth F, Bollschweiler E, Drebber U, et al. Pathohistological classification systems in gastric cancer: diagnostic relevance and prognostic value [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(19): 5679-5684.
[19]Lambert R. Endoscopy in screening for digestive cancer [J]. World J Gastrointest Endosc, 2012, 4(12): 518-525.
[20]朱佩, 朱燕華, 程時丹, 等. 505例胃黏膜上皮內(nèi)瘤變患者中篩查胃癌的研究[J]. 中國中西醫(yī)結(jié)合消化雜志, 2015, 23(12): 835-839.
[21]孫學(xué)工, 束寬山, 蘇昭然. 胃鏡活檢高級別上皮內(nèi)瘤變19例臨床分析[J]. 安徽醫(yī)藥, 2014, 18(8): 1515-1516. Sun XG, Shu KS, Su ZR. Gastroscope biopsy high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia: a clinical analysis of 19 cases [J]. Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal, 2014, 18(8): 1515-1516.
[22]吳云林, 吳巍, 郭滟, 等. 胃黏膜高級別上皮內(nèi)瘤變的內(nèi)鏡識別與手術(shù)病理的結(jié)果[J]. 上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)報(醫(yī)學(xué)版), 2007, 27(5): 552-554. Wu YL, Wu W, Guo Y, et al. Endoscopic features and surgical results of gastric high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia [J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science), 2007, 27(5): 552-554.
[23]吳愛榮, 范月娟, 王超, 等. 胃黏膜高級別上皮內(nèi)瘤變內(nèi)鏡下形態(tài)與術(shù)后病理結(jié)果的比較研究[J]. 中國內(nèi)鏡雜志, 2015, 21(12): 1320-1323. Wu AR, Fan YJ, Wang C, et al. Endoscopic morphological features and surgical pathological results analysis of gastric mucosa high grade intraepithelial neoplasia [J]. China Journal of Endocopy, 2015, 21(12): 1320-1323.
[24]Hu W, Ai XB, Zhu YM, et al. Combination of Paris and Vienna classifications may optimize follow-up of gastric epithelial neoplasia patients [J]. Med Sci Monit, 2015, 21: 992-1001.
[25]Yao K. Clinical application of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging in the stomach [J]. Clin Endosc, 2015, 48(6): 481-490.
[26]沙杰, 李學(xué)良, 施瑞華, 等. 醋酸聯(lián)合靛胭脂染色診斷早期胃癌及癌前病變的臨床價值[J]. 中華消化內(nèi)鏡雜志, 2010, 27(12): 644-646.
[27]余世界, 沈磊, 羅和生, 等. 智能染色內(nèi)鏡對早期胃癌的診斷價值探討[J]. 中華消化內(nèi)鏡雜志, 2011, 28(9): 502-505. Yu SJ, Shen L, Luo HS, et al. Fuji intelligent color enhancement chromoendoscopy for diagnosis of early gastric cancer [J]. Chin J Dig Endosc, 2011, 28(9): 502-505.
[28]Connor MJ, Sharma P. Chromoendoscopy and magnification endoscopy for diagnosing esophageal cancer and dysplasia [J]. Thorac Surg Clin, 2004, 14(1): 87-94.
[29]Lee JW, Lim LG, Yeoh KG. Advanced endoscopic imaging in gastric neoplasia and preneoplasia [J]. BMJ Open Gastroenterol, 2017, 4(1): e000105.
[30]Shahid MW, Wallace MB. Endoscopic imaging for the detection of esophageal dysplasia and carcinoma [J]. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am, 2010, 20(1): 11-24, v.
[31]上海市早期胃癌臨床協(xié)作組. 上海不同等級10個醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)早期胃癌的篩選結(jié)果比較[J]. 中華消化內(nèi)鏡雜志, 2007, 24(1): 19-22. Shanghai Early Gastric Cancer Clinical Collaboration. Comparison on early-stage gastric cancer screening in different levels of medical facilities in Shanghai [J]. Chin J Dig Endosc, 2007, 24(1): 19-22.
[32]趙麗珍, 張軍, 高君, 等. 西安地區(qū)12年間胃鏡檢出上消化道癌癥分析[J]. 西安交通大學(xué)學(xué)報(醫(yī)學(xué)版), 2005, 26(5): 498-501. Zhao LZ, Zhang J, Gao J, et al. A clinical epidemiological analysis of the carcinoma of upper digestive tract diagnosed by endoscopy in 12 years in Xi’an [J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Medical Sciences), 2005, 26(5): 498-501.
(責(zé)任編輯:陳香宇)
The endoscopic features of intraepithelial neoplasia in upper gastrointestinal
ZHANG Li1, QIN Bin1, MA Shiyang1, ZOU Baicang1, DONG Lei1, YANG Jun2
1.Department of Gastroenterology; 2.Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
Objective To investigate the endoscopic morphological features of intraepithelial neoplasia (IN) in upper gastrointestinal tract and the diagnostic rate of early stage cancer. Methods Among 3 676 patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenal endoscopy in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from Jul. 2015 to Jul. 2016, 35 cases were histopathological proved IN and early stage carcinoma, whose clinical data and the morphological features were collected and analyzed. Results The most involved site were stomach (22 cases), followed by esophagus (9 cases) and duodenum (2 cases), and 1 case esophagogastric anatomosis and 1 case gastric stump. Morphological feature of esophageal lesion included coarseness of mucosa, erosion and color change and nodular. The most common type of gastric lesion was flat type (typeⅡ), then depressed type (Ⅱa+Ⅱc, Ⅰc) and elevated type (Ⅰa). Based on white light image (WLI) endoscopy, enhanced image endoscopy (chromoscopy, I-scan, BLI, LCI and NBI) was helpful in the area and depth of lesions. Conclusion Based on WLI precise endoscopy, enhanced image endoscopy can improve the diagnostic level of precancerous lesion and early stage carcinoma.
Intraepithelial neoplasia; Carcinoma in situ; Endoscopy; Pathology
10.3969/j.issn.1006-5709.2017.07.015
2016年中央引導(dǎo)地方科技發(fā)展專項資金項目子課題(2016ZY-HM-01)
張莉,博士,主治醫(yī)師,研究方向:消化道早癌的內(nèi)鏡下診治。E-mail:744526131@qq.com
R735
A
1006-5709(2017)07-0769-04
2017-03-31