董永春
成都軍區(qū)機關(guān)醫(yī)院消化科,四川 成都 610011
高脂血癥性與膽源性急性胰腺炎患者血脂、血淀粉酶、尿淀粉酶水平的比較
董永春
成都軍區(qū)機關(guān)醫(yī)院消化科,四川 成都 610011
目的 比較高脂血癥性急性胰腺炎(hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis, HLAP)與膽源性急性胰腺炎(biliary acute pancreatitis, BAP)患者的血脂、血淀粉酶(amylase, AMY)和尿淀粉酶(urine amylase, UAMY)含量水平。方法 選取2014年8月-2016年8月在成都軍區(qū)機關(guān)醫(yī)院就診的急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis, AP)患者218例,其中HLAP患者117例,BAP患者101例,分析兩組患者血脂、AMY、UAMY、血葡萄糖(Glu)、乳酸脫氫酶(LDH)、血紅細(xì)胞壓積(HCT)、C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)、治療及預(yù)后的情況。結(jié)果 HLAP組的甘油三酯(TG)、總膽固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDH-C)、平均載脂蛋白A(Apo-A)和平均載脂蛋白B(Apo-B)含量水平均高于BAP組,兩組之間比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。HLAP組的AMY、UAMY和LDH含量水平低于BAP組,HLAP組的Glu、HCT和CRP含量水平高于BAP組,兩組之間比較,差異有顯著統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。HLAP組的復(fù)發(fā)、手術(shù)治療和病死例數(shù)高于BAP組,兩組之間比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 HLAP患者的糖脂質(zhì)含量水平高于BAP患者,AMY和UAMY含量水平低于BAP患者。
高脂血癥性急性胰腺炎;膽源性急性胰腺炎;血淀粉酶;尿淀粉酶
急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis, AP)臨床上屬于常見病,發(fā)生該疾病的原因有酒精、高脂血癥、飲食、內(nèi)分泌、腹部創(chuàng)傷、遺傳等,在我國比較多見的發(fā)病原因是膽道疾病[1]。發(fā)生膽源性急性胰腺炎(biliary acute pancreatitis, BAP)概率最高,超過1/2的AP是因為膽道疾病如膽結(jié)石、膽道蛔蟲等引起的,發(fā)生AP的時候發(fā)展較快且急,有時候病情非常危險,病死率為6%~12%[2]。經(jīng)常發(fā)作AP的患者大多數(shù)并發(fā)高脂血癥,特別是升高非常明顯的甘油三脂(TG),當(dāng)血清濃度>11.3 mmol/L時發(fā)生AP的概率非常高,多年的研究證明高脂血癥是發(fā)生AP的主要原因之一,稱為高脂血癥性急性胰腺炎(hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis, HLAP)[3-4]。然而,脂質(zhì)、血淀粉酶(amylase, AMY)和尿淀粉酶(urine amylase, UAMY)在HLAP與BAP患者的含量水平并不清楚。因此,本文主要對HLAP與BAP患者的糖脂質(zhì)、AMY和UAMY含量水平進行比較,為臨床治療提供參考。
1.1 一般資料 選取2014年8月-2016年8月在成都軍區(qū)機關(guān)醫(yī)院就診的AP患者218例,其中HLAP患者117例,男76例,女41例,年齡(40.91±9.54)歲;BAP患者101例,男45例,女56例,年齡(46.17±14.38)歲;男女比例、年齡在兩組間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 納入及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):參照2014版急性胰腺炎診治指南進行診斷,HLAP診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):具有AP的臨床和影像學(xué)表現(xiàn),入院時血TG>11.3 mmol/L或AP并靜脈乳糜狀血患者;BAP診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):符合AP的臨床診斷指標(biāo),根據(jù)B超、CT、MRCP或ERCP等影像學(xué)檢查提示膽管、膽囊結(jié)石等疾病。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):發(fā)病48 h內(nèi)入院后未進行血脂檢測,伴有結(jié)石、蛔蟲等膽系疾病的HLAP患者。
1.3 研究方法 采集患者早晨空腹血液,提取血清進行檢測。所有患者入院后均按照我國急性胰腺炎診治指南進行規(guī)范化治療,非手術(shù)治療:包括禁食、胃腸減壓、解痙、止痛、抑酸和胰酶抑制、液體復(fù)蘇、保護器官功能、營養(yǎng)支持、抗炎等治療;手術(shù)治療:外科治療主要針對胰腺局部并發(fā)癥繼發(fā)感染或產(chǎn)生壓迫癥狀,如消化道梗阻、膽道梗阻、胰瘺等。
1.4 研究指標(biāo) 分析兩組患者血脂、AMY、UAMY、血葡萄糖(Glu)、乳酸脫氫酶(LDH)、血紅細(xì)胞壓積(HCT)、C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)、治療及預(yù)后的情況。
1.5 質(zhì)量控制 所有患者樣品均重復(fù)檢測3次,取平均值。
2.1 兩組患者的血脂水平比較 結(jié)果顯示,HLAP組中的TG、TC、Apo-B含量顯著高于BAP組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。HLAP組中的HDL-C、LDH-C、Apo-A含量高于BAP組,兩組之間比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表1)。
例數(shù)TG(mmol/l)TC(mmol/L)HDL-C(mmol/L)LDH-C(mmol/L)Apo-A(g/L)Apo-B(g/L)HLAP組11723.29±9.21a11.99±6.05a2.97±3.81b4.54±2.68b3.31±0.36b2.23±0.51aBAP組1013.55±3.265.59±3.372.03±0.493.86±1.092.18±0.410.98±0.34
注:與BAP組比較,aP<0.01,bP<0.05。
2.2 兩組患者的生化指標(biāo)比較 結(jié)果顯示,HLAP組中的AMY、UAMY、LDH含量顯著低于BAP組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01);HLAP組中的Glu、HCT、CRP含量顯著高于BAP組,兩組之間比較,差異有顯著統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01,見表2)。
例數(shù)AMY(U/L)UAMY(U/L)Glu(mmol/L)LDH(U/L)HCT(%)CRP(mg/L)HLAP組117221.56±199.36a1416.24±1384.38a12.48±7.98a767.23±324.52a74.28±5.99a119.98±55.35aBAP組1011496.14±1259.423963.47±3559.277.72±2.841291.96±687.8552.79±6.3271.39±57.98
注:與BAP組比較,aP<0.01。
2.3 兩組患者的治療及預(yù)后分析 兩組患者入院后均給予非手術(shù)治療,經(jīng)非手術(shù)治療無效或病情急劇進展、胰腺局部并發(fā)癥繼發(fā)感染或產(chǎn)生壓迫癥狀時,及時給予外科手術(shù)干預(yù)治療。通過對兩組患者的治療及預(yù)后比較分析,結(jié)果顯示,HLAP組的復(fù)發(fā)病例數(shù)高于BAP組,HLAP組的手術(shù)治療例數(shù)高于BAP組,HLAP組的病死例數(shù)高于BAP組,兩組之間比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表3)。
表3 兩組患者的治療及預(yù)后比較[例數(shù)(%)]
Tab 3 Comparison of treatment and prognosis between two groups [n(%)]
指標(biāo)例數(shù)復(fù)發(fā)手術(shù)治療病死HLAP組11718(15.38)a13(11.11)a6(5.13)aBAP組1019(8.91)6(5.94)3(2.97)
注:與BAP組比較,aP<0.05。
隨著對HLAP患者的研究,我國學(xué)者提出關(guān)于此疾病的規(guī)范治療標(biāo)準(zhǔn),擬定提出了關(guān)于AP的治療標(biāo)準(zhǔn),還對AP的分類進行修改,詳細(xì)概述了局部及全身性的AP并發(fā)癥,及評估疾病嚴(yán)重程度的指標(biāo),包括對治療診斷等方面的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),第一次確定血脂對AP的影響(TG血液含量>11.3 mmol/L發(fā)生AP概率增加,降低血脂到<5.65 mmol/L可以降低風(fēng)險)及逐年上升的發(fā)病趨勢[5-7]。AP患者中并發(fā)高脂血癥的占8.9%,目前認(rèn)為影響的原因可以歸為3種:(1)直接產(chǎn)生的損傷,通常情況下存在胰腺內(nèi)或四周的TG會被胰脂肪酶水解成游離的脂肪酸,這時會有白蛋白結(jié)合這些游離的脂肪酸,但是當(dāng)游離脂肪酸量超過能夠結(jié)合的白蛋白量時過多的游離脂肪酸就會損傷胰腺泡細(xì)胞還有血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞;(2)血液循環(huán)障礙,TG含量過高會抑制纖溶酶原、AMY、UAMY及Ⅶ因子活性,并且血清中血脂過高容易出現(xiàn)血栓堵在微血管,導(dǎo)致胰腺中的血液循環(huán)異常,組織得不到充足的血液供應(yīng)出現(xiàn)壞死;(3)胰蛋白酶原被激活,當(dāng)患者發(fā)生AP時,游離脂肪酸增多會刺激機體產(chǎn)生更多的蛋白酶原,這樣會加重對胰腺泡細(xì)胞的損傷[8-9]。對于HLAP出現(xiàn)的臨床特征還在進一步的研究,多數(shù)學(xué)者認(rèn)為HLAP患者會出現(xiàn)明顯升高的TG水平,并且血液出現(xiàn)脂濁樣,沒有明顯升高AMY或UAMY,不斷地反復(fù)發(fā)作,并發(fā)脂肪肝、糖尿病等[10]。G??men等[11]研究認(rèn)為HLAP會導(dǎo)致更多的并發(fā)癥及加重病情。Xu等[12]研究認(rèn)為TG血癥不會直接影響AP的嚴(yán)重程度及引發(fā)并發(fā)癥。
一旦身體中有組織被損傷或炎癥反應(yīng)時,單核細(xì)胞和免疫細(xì)胞會被刺激活化釋放出能夠讓肝臟上皮細(xì)胞釋放急性應(yīng)激炎癥蛋白的因子,這種應(yīng)急炎癥反應(yīng)蛋白叫作CRP,屬于組織損傷炎癥反應(yīng)的標(biāo)志物[13]。很多臨床試驗證明,整個AP過程中CRP起關(guān)鍵作用,在血液中的含量直接關(guān)系到AP的病情還有發(fā)生并發(fā)癥的概率[14]。經(jīng)過不斷地分析AP患者發(fā)病原因數(shù)據(jù),現(xiàn)在可以將診斷AP的病情程度量化為CRP>150 mg/L這一閾值進行判斷[15-17]。內(nèi)科治療HLAP當(dāng)下主要為保守治療,除了常規(guī)的治療之外還考慮到血脂對病情的影響所以配合降血脂藥物進行治療[18]。Kruszyna等[19]研究認(rèn)為治療過程中做到凈化血液,靜脈注射胰島素、低分子量肝素等是比較關(guān)鍵的治療措施,其中最核心的就是降低血液中TG的含量。
本研究結(jié)果顯示HLAP組的TG、TC、HDL-C、LDH-C、Apo-A和Apo-B含量水平高于BAP組,兩組之間比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。HLAP組的AMY、UAMY和LDH含量水平低于BAP組,HLAP組的Glu、HCT和CRP含量水平高于BAP組,兩組之間比較,差異有顯著統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。HLAP組的復(fù)發(fā)、手術(shù)治療和病死例數(shù)高于BAP組,兩組之間比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。這表明HLAP患者中,血清中TG水平增加的更多,它能顯著干擾AMY活性的檢測,同時該抑制因子還可以通過腎臟進入尿液,抑制UAMY活性從而使其檢測值下降。此外,AMY和UAMY不升高,伴有糖尿病、脂肪肝等伴隨疾病,容易合并局部或全身并發(fā)癥,從而增加產(chǎn)生復(fù)發(fā)、手術(shù)治療和病死的概率。
綜上所述,HLAP患者的糖脂質(zhì)含量水平高于BAP患者,AMY和UAMY含量水平低于BAP患者。
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(責(zé)任編輯:馬 軍)
Comparison of glycolipid, amylase and urine amylase levels in patients with hyperlipidemia and biliary acute pancreatitis
DONG Yongchun
Department of Gastroenterology, the Institution Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Chengdu 610011, China
Objective To compare the levels of glycolipid, amylase (AMY) and urine amylase (UAMY) in hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP) and biliary acute pancreatitis (BAP) patients. Methods Two hundred and eighteen cases of acute pancreatitis (AP) patients were selected in the Institution Hospital of Chengdu Military Command from Aug. 2014 to Aug. 2016, and divided into HLAP group (n=117) and BAP group (n=101). The blood lipid, serum amylase (AMY), urine amylase (UAMY), blood glucose (Glu), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood hematocrit (HCT), C reactive protein (CRP) of patients with treatment and prognosis between two groups were analyzed. Results
The levels of TG, TC, HDL-C, LDH-C, Apo-A and Apo-B in the HLAP group were higher than those in BAP group, and there was statistical difference between two groups (P<0.05). The levels of AMY, UAMY and LDH in the HLAP group were lower than those in BAP group, the levels of Glu, HCT and CRP in the HLAP group were higher than those in BAP group, and there was significant difference between two groups (P<0.01). Recurrence, surgical treatment and death cases of HLAP group were higher than those in BAP group, there was statistical difference between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The level of serum lipid in HLAP patients is higher than the patients with BAP, the levels of AMY and UAMY in HLAP patients are lower than the patients with BAP.
Hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis; Biliary acute pancreatitis; Serum amylase; Urine amylase
10.3969/j.issn.1006-5709.2017.07.012
R576
A
1006-5709(2017)07-0761-04
2017-06-05