劉本龍
一、考情分析
二、四大必備寫作模板
說(shuō)明文
1.寫作誤區(qū)
(1)寫作順序混亂。由于書面表達(dá)的層次和條理不清,不能反映事物本身的邏輯順序。
(2)人稱時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。有的考生分不清說(shuō)明文和記敘文,在寫說(shuō)明文時(shí),使用第一人稱和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
(3)沒(méi)有抓住事物的特征。說(shuō)明文要把說(shuō)明的對(duì)象說(shuō)清楚,如果沒(méi)有抓住事物的特征,就是沒(méi)有揭示其本質(zhì)。
2.應(yīng)對(duì)策略
(1)合理安排好說(shuō)明順序。對(duì)于實(shí)體事物的建造過(guò)程、產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程、事物的演變過(guò)程等,往往按時(shí)間順序來(lái)說(shuō)明;對(duì)于實(shí)體事物的形狀、構(gòu)造,應(yīng)按空間順序來(lái)說(shuō)明;介紹事物的性質(zhì)、種類、功能和闡述事物的含義、原理、特點(diǎn)等,應(yīng)按邏輯順序來(lái)說(shuō)明。
(2)把握好時(shí)態(tài)。寫說(shuō)明文時(shí)通常采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),用于強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀事實(shí)。當(dāng)然,如果說(shuō)明的是人物、事物過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的情況,則要用過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的有關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)。
(3)要仔細(xì)觀察,抓住事物的特征。說(shuō)明事物,不僅要抓住其外部形態(tài)特征,更重要的是要抓住其本質(zhì)特征,因?yàn)楸举|(zhì)特征是區(qū)別于其他事物的標(biāo)志。
3. 常用句式
(1)It has increased by three times as compared with that of... 與某年相比,已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)了三倍。
(2)There is an increase of 20% in total this year. 今年總數(shù)增長(zhǎng)了20%。
(3)The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. 表格表明比去年增長(zhǎng)了三倍。
(4)The price was reduced by 18 percent. 價(jià)格降低了18%。
(5)The total number was lowered by 10%. 總數(shù)降低了10%。
(6)It rose from 10 ~15 percent of the total this year. 今年總數(shù)上升了10% ~15%。
(7)The number is five times as much as that of 2003. 數(shù)量是2003年的五倍。
(8)Compared with 2005, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. 與2005年相比,從15%下降到10%。
(9)It would be expected to increase three times. 預(yù)計(jì)將上升三倍。
(10)With the development of agriculture and indu-stry/population... 隨著工農(nóng)業(yè)/人口的發(fā)展……
(11)With the rapid growth of economy... 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速增長(zhǎng)……
(12)As the proverb says...正如諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō)……
(13)It is quite clear/obvious that... 很清楚/不言而喻……
(14)As you know/see... 正如你(們)所知/所見……
(15)However, every coin has two sides. 然而,看問(wèn)題要一分為二。
(16)In recent years, more and more people begin to... 近年來(lái),越來(lái)越多的人開始……
(17)It is said/reported that... 據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道……
(18)In a word/All in all/In short... 總而言之/簡(jiǎn)而言之/總的來(lái)說(shuō)……
(19)From the above, we can draw a conclusion that... 根據(jù)以上情況,我們可以得出結(jié)論……
(20)So there is no doubt that... 所以,毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……
4. 寫作模板
模板1:圖表類
It is obvious in the graph/table that the rate/number/amount of____________(問(wèn)題)has changed. It has____________(變化)in recent years____________(幅度或程度).
What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are____________(數(shù)量)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graph /table. First of all,____________(原因一). More importantly,____________(原因二). Most important of all,____________(原因三).
From the above discussions, we have enough reasons to predict what will happen in the near future. We should____________(措施或建議).
模板2:現(xiàn)象類
Nowadays, there are more and more____________(某種現(xiàn)象) in____________(某種場(chǎng)合). It is estimated that____________(相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)). Why have there been so many ____________(某種現(xiàn)象)? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is____________(原因一). Besides,____________(原因二). The third one is____________(原因三).
To sum up, the main cause of____________(某種現(xiàn)象) is due to____________(最主要的原因). It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing,____________(解決辦法一). For another,____________(解決辦法二). All these measures will certainly reduce the number of____________(某種現(xiàn)象).
議論文
1. 寫作誤區(qū)
(1)沒(méi)有闡述理由的觀點(diǎn)。只是對(duì)自己將要論述的話題做一個(gè)表述,即完全沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。
(2)論據(jù)過(guò)于寬泛??忌?jīng)常出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題是在寫作的過(guò)程中列舉一些很寬泛的論據(jù),沒(méi)有把理由說(shuō)透。
(3)沒(méi)有理順要點(diǎn)。有些試題的要點(diǎn)并不是完全按邏輯順序給出的,如果沒(méi)有理順要點(diǎn),沒(méi)有確定表達(dá)的先后順序,那么表達(dá)就會(huì)混亂,層次就會(huì)不清楚。
2.應(yīng)對(duì)策略
(1)確定論點(diǎn)。論點(diǎn)通常在文章的第一段提出。
(2)論據(jù)要充分。欲證明自己的觀點(diǎn),必須要有充分的論據(jù),可以通過(guò)列舉事實(shí)、展示數(shù)據(jù)、提供事例、借助常識(shí)或利用親身經(jīng)歷來(lái)說(shuō)明。
(3)層次要清楚。層次是文章內(nèi)容安排的秩序,是思維條理性的要求,也是文章內(nèi)容清晰表達(dá)的需要。作文的層次有很多種,如并列式、遞進(jìn)式、對(duì)比式等,考生可以采取一種適合自己的方法來(lái)寫作。
3. 常用句式
(1)There was a discussion on how to do...which was held yesterday/last week. 昨天/上星期舉行了一場(chǎng)關(guān)于某方面的討論會(huì)。
(2)Some of...think that...because...while the others have quite different views. In their opinion...一些人認(rèn)為……因?yàn)椤欢硪恍┤顺植煌囊庖?。在他們看?lái)……
(3)For one thing... For another... Besides ... 一方面……另一方面……而且……
(4)The discussion lasted...but they didnt come to/arrive at/ reach an agreement. 討論會(huì)持續(xù)了……但沒(méi)有達(dá)成共識(shí)。
(5)常用于發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)和看法的句型:
①There is no doubt that... 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……
②In general /Generally speaking... 一般來(lái)說(shuō)……
③The chief reason why ... is that... ……的主要原因是……
④It is said/reported that... 據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道……
⑤It is hoped/believed that... 人們希望/相信……
⑥It is known that.../Everybody knows that... 眾所周知……
⑦We must realize that... 我們必須認(rèn)識(shí)到……
⑧We have reasons to believe that... 我們有理由相信……
⑨Every coin has two sides. 任何事都要一分為二。
⑩Im sure/afraid that... 我確信/恐怕……
4. 寫作模板
模板1:不同觀點(diǎn)列舉類
The topic of____________(主題)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their views for the reason of____________(支持A的理由一)What is more,____________(理由二). Moreover, ____________(理由三).
While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,____________(支持B的理由一). Secondly/Besides , ____________(理由二). Thirdly/Finally , ____________(理由三).
From my point of view, I think____________(我的觀點(diǎn)). The reason is that____________(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice.
模板2:利弊類
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over the issue that____________(作文題目). In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in____________(題目議題). Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly,____________(優(yōu)點(diǎn)一). And secondly,____________(優(yōu)點(diǎn)二).
Just as a popular saying goes, every coin has two sides.____________(討論議題)is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with,____________(缺點(diǎn)一). In addition,____________(缺點(diǎn)二).
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of____________(討論議題)into full play, and reduce the disadvan-tages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the____________(討論議題).
模板3:闡述主題類
The good old proverb____________(名言或諺語(yǔ))reminds us that____________(釋義). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.
First of all,____________(理由一). For example,____________(舉例說(shuō)明). Secondly,____________(理由二). Another case is that____________(舉例說(shuō)明). Furthermore ,____________(理由三).
In my opinion,____________(我的觀點(diǎn)). In short, whatever you do, please remember the saying____________(名言或諺語(yǔ)). If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, youll necessarily benefit a lot from it.
記敘文
1. 寫作誤區(qū)
(1)邏輯錯(cuò)誤。在寫作的過(guò)程中,有的考生在寫之前沒(méi)有構(gòu)思好先寫什么,后寫什么,而是一邊寫,一邊構(gòu)思,從而導(dǎo)致整篇文章邏輯不清,層次感不強(qiáng),甚至不知所云。
(2)時(shí)態(tài)誤用。在寫作之前沒(méi)有判斷好整篇文章主要用哪種時(shí)態(tài),所以出現(xiàn)很多時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)用的情況。
(3)缺少銜接。由于句子之間沒(méi)有添加適當(dāng)?shù)你暯映煞?,句子和段落之間缺乏必要的過(guò)渡和連貫,影響了信息的傳遞和表達(dá)效果。
2.應(yīng)對(duì)策略
(1)注意敘述的內(nèi)容。一篇記敘文應(yīng)注意交代清楚事情的始末及細(xì)節(jié),即何時(shí)、何地、何事、何人及何因(when, where, what, who, why/how),做到有條有理,使讀者易于明白。
(2)使用恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。通常事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間是確定時(shí)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。表過(guò)去的事件和行為,通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí),兼用別的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),必要時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài);敘述經(jīng)常性的事情時(shí),以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。總之,下筆前一定要統(tǒng)觀全局,確定好時(shí)態(tài)。
(3)添加過(guò)渡詞。寫作過(guò)程中,如果使用一些過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ),可以使整篇書面表達(dá)行文流暢,層次分明,增強(qiáng)書面表達(dá)的邏輯性。
3. 常用句式
(1)Somebody was doing...when...某人正在干……這時(shí)……
I was taking a walk by the lake when I saw a man fall off the bicycle. 我正在湖邊散步,這時(shí)看見一個(gè)人從自行車上摔了下來(lái)。
(2)Seeing this/Hearing this ... 一看見/一聽見這種情況……
On seeing this/On hearing this, I ran over to him as soon as possible. 一看見/一聽見這種情況,我就立即朝他跑了過(guò)去。
(3)Someone was about to do... when... 某人正要干……這時(shí)……
We were about to set out/off/leave, when it began to rain. 我們正要出發(fā),這時(shí)天下起雨來(lái)了。
(4)Somebody had just done... when... 某人剛剛干了某事,這時(shí)……
I had just lain down when the telephone rang. 我剛剛躺下,這時(shí)電話鈴響了。
(5)Without hesitation/Without a word, we decided to do... 毫不猶豫/二話沒(méi)說(shuō),我們決定……
Without hesitation, we offered them our help. 毫不猶豫,我們給他們提供幫助。
(6)Hardly had somebody done... when...某人一……就……
Hardly had we got to the farm when we started to help the farmers. 我們一到農(nóng)場(chǎng),就幫助農(nóng)民干活。
(7) What surprised/attracted/delighted us most was that... 最使我們吃驚/最吸引我們/最使我們高興的是……
What attracted us most was that the water there was so clear. 最吸引我們的是那兒清澈的水。
(8)Although/Though someone...盡管某人……但是……
Although/Though we were very tired, we learned what we couldnt learn in school. 盡管我們很累,但我們學(xué)到了在學(xué)校里學(xué)不到的東西。
(9)No matter what someone does... 無(wú)論某人做什么……
Whatever she said, we didnt accept the gift. 無(wú)論她怎么勸說(shuō),我們都沒(méi)有接受禮物。
(10)Ill never forget the day when/on which... 我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記……的這一天。
Ill never forget the day when we stayed on the farm. 我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記在農(nóng)場(chǎng)的這一天。
4. 寫作模板
Everyone has an unforgettable memory and cannot remove it. To me, it happened__________(時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)), and I still remember the whole process vividly. At that time, I was____________(我在做什么).
It was a sunny day and things were awfully____________(形容詞)before it happened. Then____________(事件)drew my attention. I saw ____________(詳細(xì)說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)的情況), and to my____________(表達(dá)感受的名詞),____________(當(dāng)事人)was____________(正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作). It did not last very long, but it impressed me so deeply that I would____________(自己的感受).
Whenever I look back on what happened that day, I think it is right to____________(理應(yīng)采取的措施或態(tài)度一). First for all, no one can deny its/his/her (對(duì)當(dāng)事人評(píng)價(jià)的名詞). Furthermore, it is important for us to____________(理應(yīng)采取的措施或態(tài)度二). I will cherish all these memories forever.
應(yīng)用文
1. 寫作誤區(qū)
(1)格式錯(cuò)誤。常考的應(yīng)用文是書信,英文書信的格式比較固定,但許多考生在表達(dá)時(shí)不符合英文的習(xí)慣。
(2)語(yǔ)篇錯(cuò)誤。按照中文的思維方式進(jìn)行謀篇布局,段落之間的連貫性不足,有的考生很少運(yùn)用連接詞,段落與段落之間沒(méi)有合理的銜接。
(3)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。由于考生的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)薄弱,寫出的句子結(jié)構(gòu)混亂,亂堆砌句子,詞不達(dá)意,不知所云。
2.應(yīng)對(duì)策略
(1)要注意應(yīng)用文的基本格式。熟練掌握不同的英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文格式,如通知書一般包括標(biāo)題、正文、落款三個(gè)部分,求職信要寫明招聘消息的來(lái)源、應(yīng)聘崗位、個(gè)人經(jīng)歷、希望與祝福語(yǔ)等。
(2)合理謀篇布局。書面表達(dá)要按照英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則進(jìn)行謀篇布局,在行文時(shí)經(jīng)常運(yùn)用銜接手段能使文章上下連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)合理。
(3)學(xué)好語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。在平時(shí)的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中,考生應(yīng)該系統(tǒng)地掌握重點(diǎn)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí),在頭腦中形成一個(gè)完整的語(yǔ)法框架,這樣才能寫出符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的句子。
3. 常用句式
(1)Im glad to hear from you.
Im glad that Ive received your letter. 收到你的來(lái)信,我十分高興。
(2)In your letter youve told me that... 在來(lái)信中你講到……
In your letter youve told me that you want to rent a flat. 你在來(lái)信中說(shuō)你想租用一套公寓。
(3)It is/has been... since we separated last time. 離上次分別已經(jīng)……
It is/has been three years since we separated last time. 我們離上次分別已經(jīng)3年了(我們已經(jīng)3年沒(méi)見面了)。
(4)How are you getting on/along with...? 你最近(某方面)情況如何?
How are you getting along with your Chinese study? 你最近的中文學(xué)習(xí)情況如何?
(5)Now Im writing to tell you something about.../Now Im writing to tell you that... 現(xiàn)在我寫信告訴你……
Now Im writing to tell you that I have found a house for you. 現(xiàn)在我寫信告訴你,我已經(jīng)為你找到了一所房子。
(6)If you have any questions, please write to me in time/as soon as possible. 如有問(wèn)題,請(qǐng)及時(shí)/盡快告訴我。
(7)Lets keep in touch with each other by e-mail. 讓我們用電子郵件的方式保持聯(lián)系。
(8)Look forward to hearing from you soon. /Hope to receive your letter in the near future. 希望早日收到你的回信。
(9)Please remember me to your parents./Please give my best wishes to your parents. /Please say hello to your parents for me. 請(qǐng)代我向你父母問(wèn)好。
(10)Im sure that youll have a wonderful time in.../Im sure that youll enjoy yourself in.../Im sure that youll have a good journey in... 我相信你在……一定玩得愉快。
4. 寫作模板
模板1:詢問(wèn)信類
Dear____________,
I am____________(自我介紹). I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding____________(要詢問(wèn)的內(nèi)容).
First of all, what are____________(問(wèn)題一)? Secondly, when will____________(問(wèn)題二)? Thirdly, is____________(問(wèn)題三)?
I would also like to inquire____________(將最重要的問(wèn)題單獨(dú)成段). Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects?
Thank you for your kindness, and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
模板2:請(qǐng)求信類
Dear____________,
I am____________(介紹自己的身份). I will/am____________(與請(qǐng)求有關(guān)的自身現(xiàn)狀)。Id like to____________(闡明自己的請(qǐng)求)。I will appreciate your____________(有關(guān)該請(qǐng)求的詳細(xì)信息). Im going to____________(對(duì)方如能幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)請(qǐng)求,自己將要做些什么).
Here are the reasons why____________(承上啟下,開始解釋原因). For one thing,____________(請(qǐng)求的原因一);For another,____________(請(qǐng)求的原因二). Therefore,____________(總結(jié)寫信的目的).
I shall be much obliged to you if you____________(對(duì)收信人的期望). Thanks for your kind consideration and I look forward to receiving your earliest reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
模板3:邀請(qǐng)信類
Dear____________,
____________(開門見山地提出事件/活動(dòng)的地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間). It would be pleasant/honored to have you here.
During the party/conference, we will have lots of activities you will be interested in. First,____________(要舉行的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容一). Second,____________(要舉行的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容二).
I know/believe that you will be very interested in____________. First/For one thing,____________(受邀請(qǐng)人參加的理由一);Second/For another,____________(受邀請(qǐng)人參加的理由二). The conference/party would not be complete without you!
The party/conference will begin at____________(時(shí)間) and we do hope you can come.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
三、2017年高考命題大猜想
★猜想一
目前,《奔跑吧,兄弟》這個(gè)娛樂(lè)節(jié)目在青少年中很受歡迎,但是有的同學(xué)不喜歡這個(gè)節(jié)目。某網(wǎng)站就此節(jié)目發(fā)起討論,請(qǐng)你以一名中學(xué)生的身份,以《奔跑吧,兄弟》為話題,跟帖發(fā)表自己的看法。要點(diǎn)如下:
1. 介紹這種現(xiàn)象;
2. 發(fā)表自己的看法;
3. 提出自己的建議。
注意:
1. 詞數(shù)120左右;
2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。
As is known to all, the program Running Man is becoming more and more popular among the teenagers with the program broadcast, but some students dont think it is worthy of being watched.
As far as I am concerned, I take great interest in the program. The brothers not only show us their bravery, unity and never give up in a team, but also bring laughter and humor to the audience. In addition, the program attaches great importance to the spirit of cooperation, delivering positive energy.
Although the program is beneficial to us, we teenagers shouldnt waste too much time concentrating on stars. After all, we students should put our hearts into our studies in order to be admitted into key universities.
★猜想二
假設(shè)你是李華,你收到美國(guó)筆友Tom的來(lái)信。在信中,他提到今年暑假想到杭州旅游,并且參觀G20峰會(huì)的主會(huì)場(chǎng),請(qǐng)你給他寫封信,內(nèi)容包括:
1. 歡迎Tom到杭州來(lái)旅游;
2. 簡(jiǎn)要介紹杭州和G20峰會(huì)的情況;
3. 你為G20峰會(huì)所做的事情。
注意:
1. 詞數(shù)120左右;
2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。
Dear Tom,
Im glad to hear from you and youre welcome to China during the summer vacation. Ill meet you at the airport.
Hangzhou is a beautiful tourist city, which is famous for the West Lake, and it is the capital city of Zhejiang Province. Every year millions of foreign visitors from all over the world come to Hangzhou. The G20 summit was held in Hangzhou on September 4th and 5th, 2016. The leaders from G20 countries, such as the United states of American and Russia attended the summit.
I felt its a great honor and responsibility to make a bit contribution to making the summit a great success. I did some cleaning in the street to make the city more beautiful as a volunteer.
I am looking forward to meeting you.
Yours,
Li Hua
★猜想三
假如你是李華,你的美國(guó)朋友John對(duì)中國(guó)詩(shī)詞很感興趣,來(lái)信想了解《中國(guó)詩(shī)詞大會(huì)》這個(gè)電視節(jié)目。請(qǐng)你結(jié)合下面的提示給John寫一封回信,內(nèi)容包括:
1. 簡(jiǎn)要介紹《中國(guó)詩(shī)詞大會(huì)》;
2. 學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)詩(shī)詞的好處;
3. John想學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)詩(shī)詞,給他提出一點(diǎn)建議。
注意:
1. 詞數(shù)120左右;
2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。
3. 參考詞匯:中國(guó)詩(shī)詞大會(huì),Chinese Poetry Conference。
Dear John,
To remind people of those classic Chinese poems and to promote cultural heritage, China Central Television has produced a TV show ——Chinese Poetry Conference. The program can help people become interested in the Chinese poems and cultures. More and more audience are crazy about watching the program.
Chinese poetry is just like the best diamond in this famous cultures literary treasure house. When it comes to the benefits from poetry, it can shape ones view of life and develop ones inner world. Whats more, we can find meanings in life from Chinese poetry and I enjoy the happiness brought by the poetry.
If you want to learn Chinese poetry, you had better understand the meaning of poetry. Its also necessary to recite many Chinese poetry.
Yours,
Li Hua
★猜想四
近期,媒體報(bào)道多起校園欺凌事件。假如你是李華,請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給校報(bào)的編輯寫一封信,內(nèi)容包括:
1. 描述這種現(xiàn)象;
2. 列舉校園欺凌的危害;
3. 提出消除校園欺凌的建議。
注意:
1. 詞數(shù)150左右;
2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。
3. 參考詞匯:欺凌,bully。
Dear Editor,
School bullying means that more powerful students do something terrible to hurt less powerful ones in campus. There have been frequent media reports on school bullying in recent years. Bullies hit, slap, kick and threaten the weak. Whats worse, some bullying leads to tragedy consequences, which draw public attention nationwide.
Bullying can do both physical and emotional harm to the victims, hurting their health and happiness as a result. Some students are afraid to go to school because of being bullied. They are stressed out and even some victims decide to kill themselves in order not to be bullied any more.
Teachers and parents must realize the harm that bullying brings and schools should take measures to prevent and handle bullying. To speak frankly, only when parents and teachers pay more attention to the mental growth of children and stop the school violent in time, can the problem be solved in near future.
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua