碳核查遙感技術(shù)體系研究

岳天祥

摘 要：主要研究內(nèi)容：（1）制定實驗場地設(shè)置標準規(guī)范、數(shù)據(jù)采集儀器和方法標準規(guī)范、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)抽樣技術(shù)標準規(guī)范、植物生物量測定標準規(guī)范和固定樣地選擇標準規(guī)范、元數(shù)據(jù)標準規(guī)范以及數(shù)據(jù)交換標準規(guī)范、數(shù)據(jù)和模型質(zhì)量檢查與控制標準規(guī)范、數(shù)據(jù)和模型更新標準規(guī)范，在發(fā)展高精度高速度曲面建模（HASM）方法快速算法和智能化準則基礎(chǔ)上（這里的“曲面”是碳源匯空間分布的數(shù)學(xué)抽象表達），構(gòu)建以全局性近似數(shù)據(jù)為驅(qū)動場，以局地高精度數(shù)據(jù)為優(yōu)化控制條件的碳源匯模擬系統(tǒng)，并利用地面實測數(shù)據(jù)和碳衛(wèi)星載荷航飛實驗數(shù)據(jù)驗證模擬系統(tǒng)的精度和可靠性。（2）發(fā)展高分辨率衛(wèi)星土地覆蓋類型識別方法，產(chǎn)生示范區(qū)的土地利用和植被分類圖；在光能利用率模型的基礎(chǔ)上，建立全遙感驅(qū)動的水分和溫度限制方程，反演普適的最大光能利用率參數(shù)，構(gòu)建遙感反演算法和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)呼吸遙感機理模型，利用碳衛(wèi)星反演的區(qū)域粗分辨率陸氣碳通量數(shù)據(jù)，進行空間分辨率轉(zhuǎn)換，與遙感機理模型反演的中高分辨率的碳通量結(jié)果，以及碳衛(wèi)星載荷航飛實驗數(shù)據(jù)進行比較研究，檢驗三者在實驗區(qū)的差異。（3）采用點、線、面、體相結(jié)合的觀測方式，基于遙感技術(shù)和無線傳感網(wǎng)技術(shù)構(gòu)建城市碳排放多層次、動態(tài)、立體監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡(luò)，對城市碳排放進行多尺度、全方位觀測；針對不同的組織類型，以組織碳排放地基監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)、碳衛(wèi)星反演數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，綜合運用源解析模型、大氣擴散模型、GIS空間關(guān)聯(lián)方法等技術(shù)手段，對城市組織碳排放特征進行評價，編寫城市碳核查技術(shù)規(guī)范報告。（4）研究典型森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳觀測與分析技術(shù)、碳儲量綜合觀測與模擬技術(shù)，編制森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳儲量測算規(guī)程，開展碳核查數(shù)據(jù)獲取、處理，整合，結(jié)合碳衛(wèi)星載荷航飛實驗數(shù)據(jù)，建立碳核查驗證數(shù)據(jù)庫，為我國典型森林生態(tài)區(qū)域碳排放可測量、可核查、可報告提供技術(shù)支撐。研究目標：建立HASM優(yōu)化控制條件標準規(guī)范和驅(qū)動場標準規(guī)范，發(fā)展 HASM方法的快速算法和智能化準則，構(gòu)建以全局性近似數(shù)據(jù)為驅(qū)動場、以局地高精度數(shù)據(jù)為優(yōu)化控制條件的碳源匯模擬系統(tǒng)；開展基于組織碳循環(huán)模型及其與碳衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)比對研究；在組織尺度遙感碳核查技術(shù)體系研究的基礎(chǔ)上，選擇吉林?。ㄖ袊胁浚?、蘇州市、珠海市（中國東部）、江西?。ㄖ袊胁浚┖蛢?nèi)蒙古大興安嶺樣區(qū)典型森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)（中國西部）實驗示范區(qū)，結(jié)合碳衛(wèi)星載荷航飛實驗數(shù)據(jù)，實現(xiàn)3 km×3 km空間分辨率碳通量和碳源匯模擬分析。

關(guān)鍵詞：碳衛(wèi)星 碳源匯 高精度曲面建模 碳核查 遙感

Abstract：Research details： （1）To develop experiment site set up standard specification， standard data acquisition instrument and method， ecological system sampling technology standards， plant biomass measurement standards and fixed sample selection criteria， metadata standard and the data exchange standards， data， and model quality inspection and control standards， data model and update the standard specification. In high accuracy surface modeling （HASM） intelligent fast algorithm method and criterion based on ， build global approximate data as the driving field， with local high precision data in order to optimize the control conditions of carbon source simulation system， and use the satellite ground experimental data and carbon load flight experiment data to verify the accuracy and reliability of the simulation system. （2）Development of high resolution satellite land cover types identification methods， produce demonstration area of land use and vegetation classification figure； On the basis of light energy utilization model， establish a full remote sensing drive moisture and temperature limit equation， the biggest light energy utilization parameter inversion of universal， to construct a system of remote sensing inversion algorithm and ecological breathing mechanism model of remote sensing inversion using carbon satellite area coarse resolution gas carbon flux data， lu to convert the spatial resolution， and high resolution of remote sensing mechanism model inversion results of carbon flux and carbon load navigation satellites flying a comparison of experimental data， test the three differences in the experimental area. （3）Adopting the combination of dot， line， face， body observation method， based on remote sensing technology and wireless sensor network technology to build urban carbon emissions multi-level， dynamic， three-dimensional monitoring network， multi-scale， all-round observation was conducted to treat urban carbon emissions； According to different tissue types， in order to organize carbon foundation monitoring data. （4）Research typical forest ecosystem carbon observation and analysis technology， carbon comprehensive observation and simulation technology， formulation of forest ecosystem carbon measurement procedures.

Key Words： Carbon satellite； Carbon sink and source； HASM

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