楊慧慧 李會兵 劉爽 劉賢英
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·論著·
隱匿性胰液反流與膽道疾病間的相關性
楊慧慧李會兵劉爽劉賢英
目的探討隱匿性胰液反流(OPR)與膽道疾病間的相關性。方法收集44例原發(fā)性膽道疾病患者,取血檢測血清淀粉酶活性,收集膽總管膽汁,測定膽汁淀粉酶活性,計算膽總管的Δ膽汁淀粉酶活性(即膽總管膽汁淀粉酶活性-血清淀粉酶活性)。以膽總管膽汁淀粉酶活性高于血清淀粉酶活性視為該患者存在OPR,將其納入OPR組,反之則納入未發(fā)生OPR的對照組。結果44例膽道疾病患者中32例存在OPR,發(fā)生率為72.7%。OPR組患者膽汁淀粉酶、血清淀粉酶活性分別為(1 513±2 725)、(45±21)U/L,對照組為(18±14)、(38±16)U/L,OPR組膽汁淀粉酶活性顯著高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),而兩組血清淀粉酶活性差異無統(tǒng)計學意義。OPR組中單純膽總管結石患者的OPR發(fā)生率為100%,膽汁淀粉酶活性為(1 048±1 317)U/L,Δ膽汁淀粉酶活性為(996±1 322)U/L;膽總管結石合并膽囊結石患者分別為75%,(2 457±3 312)、(2 412±3 320)U/L;單純膽囊結石患者分別為80%,(95±82)、(57±76)U/L;膽總管惡性腫瘤患者為50%,(73±54)、(40±37)U/L。結論OPR的發(fā)生與膽總管結石、膽總管結石合并膽囊結石密切相關,OPR可能是發(fā)生膽系結石的主要致病因素之一。
隱匿性胰液反流;膽道疾病;膽汁;淀粉酶類
胰液反流入膽管往往被認為是膽系惡性腫瘤的重要危險因素。既往研究發(fā)現(xiàn)胰液反流多發(fā)生于胰膽管合流異常的患者。近年來有研究報道,胰液反流不僅發(fā)生于胰膽管合流異常的患者,也發(fā)生于隱匿性胰液反流(occult pancreaticobiliary reflux, OPR)人群。關于OPR以及其對膽道疾病影響的研究以國外居多,國內文獻報道甚少。本研究收集原發(fā)性膽系疾病患者的膽總管膽汁,通過測定血清及膽總管膽汁的淀粉酶活性判斷其是否存在OPR,探討OPR與膽系疾病發(fā)生的關系,以期為臨床提供有意義的客觀指標。
一、研究對象
收集經彩色多普勒超聲、MRCP、CT證實為原發(fā)性膽道疾病擬行治療的患者。患者排除條件:(1)經影像學檢查確診為胰膽管合流異常的患者,即膽總管與主胰管匯合后的共同管道長度>15 mm;(2)經影像學檢查確診為膽管狹窄的患者;(3)既往有Oddi括約肌切開史;(4)無法收集到足夠量的膽汁;(5)術前血清淀粉酶活性增高者。共納入44例患者,其中男性22例,女性22例,年齡22~90歲,平均年齡(58±16)歲。診斷:膽總管結石9例,膽囊結石5例,膽總管結石合并膽囊結石15例,肝內膽管結石1例,肝內膽管結石合并膽總管結石2例,膽總管惡性腫瘤10例,膽囊結石合并膽囊幽門腺上皮組織轉化1例,膽管炎1例。
二、研究方法
術前48 h內抽取患者靜脈血,離心分離血清,測血淀粉酶活性。膽總管膽汁收集主要通過以下途徑:(1)手術中抽取患者膽總管膽汁3~5 ml;(2)ERCP術中在注射造影劑之前用注射器抽取3~5 ml膽總管膽汁(為排除干擾因素,將第一管膽汁棄去)。收集的膽汁立即離心取上清,測膽汁的淀粉酶活性。膽總管膽汁的淀粉酶活性高于血淀粉酶活性視為該患者存在OPR,納入OPR組,反之則納入不存在OPR的對照組。
三、統(tǒng)計學處理
一、不同膽道疾病患者的膽汁、血清淀粉酶活性及OPR的發(fā)生率
不同膽道系統(tǒng)疾病患者的膽汁、血清淀粉酶活性見表1。44例膽道疾病患者中32例存在OPR,發(fā)生率為72.7%,其中膽總管結石患者的OPR發(fā)生率最高,達100%。
二、OPR組患者與對照組患者淀粉酶活性比較
OPR組膽汁、血清淀粉酶活性分別為(1 513±2 725)、(45±21)U/L;對照組為(18±14)、(38±16)U/L。OPR組膽汁淀粉酶活性顯著高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(Z=-4.443,P=0.000),而兩組血清淀粉酶活性差異無統(tǒng)計學意義。
三、OPR組內不同膽道疾病患者膽汁、血清淀粉酶活性比較
膽總管結石、膽總管結石合并膽囊結石患者的膽汁淀粉酶活性分別為(1 048±1 317)、(2 457±3 312)U/L,血清淀粉酶活性分別為(52±20)、(45±23)U/L,膽汁淀粉酶活性均顯著高于血清淀粉酶活性,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(Z值分別為-3.103、-3.223,P值均<0.01);單純膽囊結石及膽總管惡性腫瘤患者的膽汁淀粉酶活性分別為(95±82)、(73±54)U/L,血清淀粉酶活性分別為(37±15)、(33±18)U/L,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義。
表1 不同膽道疾病膽汁淀粉酶和血清淀粉酶活性及OPR發(fā)生情況
膽總管結石、膽總管結石合并膽囊結石、膽囊結石、膽總管惡性腫瘤患者的Δ膽汁淀粉酶活性(即膽總管膽汁淀粉酶活性-血清淀粉酶活性)分別為(996±1 322)、(2 412±3 320)、(57±76)、(40±37)U/L,4組間的差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(H=9.053,P=0.029)。其中膽總管結石與膽總管惡性腫瘤、膽總管結石合并膽囊結石與膽囊結石、膽囊結石與膽總管惡性腫瘤的差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(Z=-2.208,P=0.027;Z=-2.160,P=0.031;Z=-2.160,P=0.031),而膽總管結石與膽總管結石合并膽囊結石、膽總管結石與膽囊結石、膽總管結石合并膽囊結石與膽總管惡性腫瘤的差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(Z值分別為-1.868、-0.577、-0.289,P值均>0.05)。
OPR發(fā)生的原因可能是由于Oddi括約肌功能失調[1]。正常情況下,胰膽管匯合處有Oddi括約肌,它可以防止胰液反流和(或)膽汁反流[2]。膽汁淀粉酶活性往往作為胰液反流入膽管的生物化學指標,它是由血清淀粉酶經肝臟過濾和胰液反流入膽管而來[1,3-4]。OPR患者Oddi括約肌功能障礙導致胰液反流入膽管并長期刺激膽管壁致使膽管壁上皮細胞慢性炎癥,加快上皮細胞的增殖速度,從而導致上皮細胞增生和組織轉化,最終導致癌癥發(fā)生[5-7]。
既往研究[8-9]都將胰膽管合流正?;颊叩哪懼矸勖富钚源笥谘宓矸勖富钚哉I舷拗刀x為OPR。本研究將膽汁淀粉酶活性大于自身血清淀粉酶活性視為OPR,這樣可避免因血清淀粉酶活性的個體差異而造成研究結果上的偏差,且更加貼近OPR本身的含義。文獻報道的有關OPR研究所收集的膽汁部位不盡相同[8-9]。有研究[10-11]報道,不合并膽管擴張的胰膽管合流異?;颊叩哪懩夷懼矸勖富钚悦黠@高于膽總管膽汁淀粉酶活性。Itokawa等[10]收集同一患者膽囊膽汁和膽總管膽汁,發(fā)現(xiàn)58%的膽囊膽汁淀粉酶活性高于膽總管膽汁。本研究參照了Horaguchi等[8]的方法,收集膽總管的膽汁。
Anderson等[11]報道,膽道疾病患者中OPR的發(fā)生率為81%。Beltran等[7]報道膽囊疾病患者中OPR的發(fā)生率為84.2%;膽總管結石合并膽囊結石患者OPR的發(fā)生率為100%。本研究的OPR總發(fā)生率為72.7%,其中膽總管結石患者的發(fā)生率高達100%,膽總管結石合并膽囊結石患者OPR的發(fā)生率也高達75%,與文獻報道的結果相近。
Horaguchi等[8]研究顯示,OPR中膽總管結石患者膽汁淀粉酶平均活性較高。本研究結果顯示,OPR患者膽汁淀粉酶平均活性為(1 513±2 725)U/L,其中膽總管結石合并膽囊結石患者膽汁淀粉酶活性最高,其次為膽總管結石患者,且均顯著高于他們自身的血清淀粉酶活性,同時這兩組患者OPR的發(fā)生率也最高,提示OPR的發(fā)生與膽總管結石、膽總管結石合并膽囊結石密切相關,OPR可能是發(fā)生膽管結石的主要致病因素之一。而膽總管惡性腫瘤患者膽汁淀粉酶平均活性較低, OPR的發(fā)生率也相對較低,與Horaguchi等[8]的研究相同。
本研究在國內首次探討了OPR與膽道疾病間的相關性,但樣本量有限,需收集更多的病例進一步加以證實。
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(本文編輯:屠振興)
Relationship between occult pancreaticobiliary reflux and biliary diseases
YangHuihui,LiHuibing,LiuShuang,LiuXianying.
DepartmentofUltrasound,AnyangSixthPeople′sHospital,Anyang455000,China
Correspondingauthor:LiuXianying,Email:liuxianying66@hotmail.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between occult pancreaticobiliary reflux (OPR) and biliary diseases. MethodsForty-four patients with primary biliary diseases was enrolled, and serum amylase level was determined, and the bile in common bile duct (CBD) was collected to measure the amylase level, then the Δ amylase was calculated, which equals bile amylase level minus serum amylase level. OPR was confirmed if bile amylase level was higher than serum amylase level, otherwise it would be defined as the control group. ResultsAmong the 44 patients with primary biliary diseases, the incidence of OPR was 72.7% (n= 32). The bile and serum amylase activity of patients with OPR were (1 513±2 725), (44±21)U/L; and they were (18±14) and (38±17) U/L in the control group. The bile amylase level in OPR group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in serum amylase activity between the two groups. The incidence of OPR in patients with CBD stones was 100%, and the bile amylase activity was (1 048±1 317)IU/L, and the Δ bile amylase activity was (996±1 322)U/L; the incidence of OPR in patients with choledocholithiasis and cholecystolithiasis was 75%, and the bile amylase activity was (2 457±3 312), the Δ amylase activity was (2 412±3 320)IU/L; and the corresponding values in patients with gallbladder stones were 80%, (95±82), (57±76)IU/L; and the corresponding values in patients with bile duct cancer were 50%, (73±51), (40±37)U/L. ConclusionsThe occurrence of OPR is closely related to CBD stones only, CBD stones and gallbladder stones, and it may be one of the main pathogenic factors of bile duct stones.
Occult pancreaticobiliary reflux;Biliary tract diseases;Bile;Amylases
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2016.01.007
455000河南安陽,河南省安陽市第六人民醫(yī)院超聲科(楊慧慧),神經外科(李會兵);吉林大學第二附屬醫(yī)院超聲科(劉爽),科教科(劉賢英)
劉賢英,Email: liuxianying66@hotmail.com
2015-04-24)