陳 原,洪萬樹,陳仕璽,王 瓊,張其永
(廈門大學(xué)海洋與地球?qū)W院,福建廈門361102)
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赤點(diǎn)石斑魚促性腺激素及其受體基因的克隆和表達(dá)模式分析
陳原,洪萬樹*,陳仕璽,王瓊,張其永
(廈門大學(xué)海洋與地球?qū)W院,福建廈門361102)
摘要:魚類腦垂體分泌的促性腺激素( GtHs)與分布在性腺中的促性腺激素受體( GtHRs)所形成的信號(hào)通路,在性腺發(fā)育過程中發(fā)揮了重要作用.為了解GtH/GtHR信號(hào)通路在雌性先熟雌雄同體魚類性腺發(fā)育過程中的作用,本文克隆了赤點(diǎn)石斑魚( Epinephelus akaara) GtHsβ亞基( FSHβ和LHβ)及其受體GtHRs( Fshr和Lhcgr)基因的序列,并分析了它們?cè)谛韵侔l(fā)育過程中的表達(dá)模式.結(jié)果表明: FSHβ和LHβ具有糖蛋白激素家族成員保守的結(jié)構(gòu)特征; Fshr和Lhcgr具有糖蛋白激素受體亞家族保守的結(jié)構(gòu)特征; FSHβ和LHβ基因僅在腦垂體表達(dá),而Fshr和Lhcgr基因僅在性腺表達(dá);在性逆轉(zhuǎn)早期( ET)階段FSHβ表達(dá)量處于低水平,但在性逆轉(zhuǎn)后期( LT)階段和雄性階段表達(dá)量升高; LHβ的表達(dá)模式與FSHβ相似,但從ET階段到LT階段,與FSHβ相比其表達(dá)量的升高幅度較低;性腺中Fshr和Lhcgr在雌性和ET階段表達(dá)量都很低,LT階段明顯上升,雄性階段達(dá)到最高水平,但Fshr表達(dá)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于Lhcgr.研究結(jié)果提示,GtH/GtHR通路參與了赤點(diǎn)石斑魚的性腺發(fā)育過程,其中FSH信號(hào)通路在這過程中可能發(fā)揮更主要的作用.
關(guān)鍵詞:赤點(diǎn)石斑魚;促性腺激素基因;促性腺激素受體基因;克隆;表達(dá);性腺發(fā)育
性逆轉(zhuǎn)是一種有趣的生物學(xué)現(xiàn)象,存在于硬骨魚的一些種類中,包括雌性先熟的雌雄同體魚類和雄性先熟的雌雄同體魚類[1].血清類固醇性激素17β-雌二醇( E2)和雄性激素是調(diào)控魚類性逆轉(zhuǎn)的關(guān)鍵因子[2-3].與其他脊椎動(dòng)物一樣,在魚類中調(diào)控類固醇性激素的合成和分泌主要是腦垂體產(chǎn)生的促性腺激素( GtHs),包括促濾泡激素( FSH)和促黃體激素( LH).FSH和LH都是糖蛋白激素家族成員,該家族由相同的α亞基和各激素特異的β亞基構(gòu)成[4].目前,已在14個(gè)目的56種魚類中克隆得到了GtHs基因的序列.魚類FSH主要在性腺發(fā)育的早期階段發(fā)揮作用,促進(jìn)性腺分泌E2和睪酮( T)等類固醇性激素,調(diào)節(jié)性腺發(fā)育和配子形成;而LH促進(jìn)性腺分泌17α,20β-雙羥孕酮( DHP),對(duì)配子的最后成熟和產(chǎn)卵行為起作用[5-6].
FSH和LH在性腺中與各自相應(yīng)的促性腺激素受體( GtHRs)結(jié)合調(diào)控類固醇性激素生成和配子形成.促濾泡激素受體( Fshr)和促黃體激素受體( Lhcgr)屬于糖蛋白激素受體亞家族,在脊椎動(dòng)物中具有保守的結(jié)構(gòu)特征,包括1個(gè)大的胞外區(qū)、7個(gè)跨膜區(qū)和1個(gè)羧基端胞內(nèi)區(qū)[7].在大西洋鮭魚( Salmo salar)[8]、尖齒胡鯰( Clariasga riepinus)[9]、斑馬魚( Danio rerio)[10]、日本鰻鱺( Anguilla japonica)[11]、黑鯛( Acanthopagrus schlegeli)[12]、沖繩磨塘鱧( Trimma okinawae)[13]、牙漢魚( Odontesthes bonariensis)[14]以及斜帶石斑魚( Epinephelus coioides)[15]等不同種類的魚類中都已克隆到2種GtHRs基因序列.在魚類中,F(xiàn)shr主要在雌魚的鞘膜細(xì)胞和顆粒細(xì)胞以及雄魚的Sertoli細(xì)胞中表達(dá);而Lhcgr主要在雌魚的顆粒細(xì)胞和雄魚的萊氏細(xì)胞中表達(dá)[16-17].但也有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),日本鰻鱺和尖齒胡鯰的萊氏細(xì)胞中也有Fshr表達(dá)[18-19].上述表達(dá)模式表明2種糖蛋白激素在調(diào)控性腺發(fā)育中起重要作用.沖繩磨塘鱧性腺中同時(shí)存在精巢和卵巢,在相對(duì)個(gè)體大小引起的性逆轉(zhuǎn)過程中,首先發(fā)生GtHRs基因表達(dá)的變化[13].雌性先熟的蜂巢石斑魚( Epinephelus merra)在自然條件下由雌性向雄性逆轉(zhuǎn)過程中,F(xiàn)shr表達(dá)量升高[20].在甲基睪酮( MT)誘導(dǎo)的斜帶石斑魚性逆轉(zhuǎn)過程中,LHβ和Lhcgr表達(dá)量升高[15].這些結(jié)果都表明GtH/ GtHR通路參與了性逆轉(zhuǎn)過程.但在不同石斑魚種類之間、自然性逆轉(zhuǎn)和人工誘導(dǎo)性逆轉(zhuǎn)過程中,促性腺激素及其受體基因表達(dá)模式并不一致,因此開展赤點(diǎn)石斑魚( Epinephelus akaara)促性腺激素及其受體基因表達(dá)模式的研究,能更深入地了解GtH/GtHR通路在魚類性逆轉(zhuǎn)過程中的作用.
赤點(diǎn)石斑魚屬于雌性先熟的雌雄同體魚類,其性腺發(fā)育過程可分為雌性階段、性逆轉(zhuǎn)階段和雄性階段.本研究分別克隆了赤點(diǎn)石斑魚GtHsβ亞基及其受體GtHRs基因的cDNA序列,研究了自然性腺發(fā)育過程中GtHsβ在腦垂體中和GtHRs在性腺中的表達(dá)模式,討論了GtH/GtHR通路在赤點(diǎn)石斑魚性腺發(fā)育過程中的作用.研究結(jié)果可為赤點(diǎn)石斑魚人工繁育提供參考資料.
1. 1實(shí)驗(yàn)魚及其取樣
2012年5月—2013年6月,分批次從福建省漳州市漳浦縣養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)購買自然海區(qū)種苗養(yǎng)殖的赤點(diǎn)石斑魚共36尾.實(shí)驗(yàn)魚1~4齡,用0.01%(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))的間氨基苯甲酸乙酯甲磺酸鹽( MS222,Sigma)麻醉,進(jìn)行生物學(xué)測(cè)量(體長(zhǎng)9.5~30.5 mm,體質(zhì)量24.1~791.6 g).解剖取性腺稱重,計(jì)算性腺成熟指數(shù)( GSI,GSI = m性腺/m體×100%).取垂體和一部分性腺組織于液氮速凍后-80℃保存,用于基因表達(dá)分析研究;另一部分性腺組織于波恩氏固定液,用于性腺發(fā)育組織學(xué)觀察.
1. 2 GtHsβ亞基和GtHRs基因的克隆
取性成熟的赤點(diǎn)石斑魚腦垂體用于克隆GtHsβ亞基基因的cDNA序列,性腺用于克隆GtHRs基因的cDNA序列.采用RNAzol試劑盒( MRC)提取RNA,cDNA第一鏈利用反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒( Thermo)合成.根據(jù)已經(jīng)發(fā)表的魚類GtHsβ亞基及GtHRs基因序列分別設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)并引物(表1),以cDNA為模板,用Taq酶( TaKaRa)于25 μL反應(yīng)體系進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增.產(chǎn)物經(jīng)1%(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))瓊脂糖凝膠電泳后,用凝膠純化試劑盒( Qiagen)純化,再與pMD-19T載體( TaKaRa)連接,轉(zhuǎn)化大腸桿菌( Escherichia coli) DH5α菌體( Promega).陽性克隆委托廣州Invitrogen公司測(cè)序.
根據(jù)已知的中間片段分別設(shè)計(jì)cDNA 5'末端快速擴(kuò)增( 5'-RACE)和3'-RACE特異性的外側(cè)引物和內(nèi)側(cè)引物(表1).參照TaKaRa試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行兩輪PCR擴(kuò)增.純化、連接、轉(zhuǎn)化及測(cè)序步驟同上.
表1赤點(diǎn)石斑魚促性腺激素β亞基及其受體基因克隆引物Tab.1 Primers used for cloning GtHsβ andGtHRs genes in E.a(chǎn)kaara
中間片段及RACE產(chǎn)物拼接后,靠近5'末端及3'末端設(shè)計(jì)全序列引物擴(kuò)增得到GtHsβ亞基及GtHRs基因的cDNA全序列.
1. 3 GtHsβ亞基和GtHRs基因序列分析
使用NCBI網(wǎng)站( http:∥www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) BLAST軟件進(jìn)行同源性搜索,使用ExPASy網(wǎng)站( http: ∥www.expasy.ch/tools/dna.html)相關(guān)軟件進(jìn)行開放閱讀框的搜索和氨基酸序列的推斷.氨基酸的序列比對(duì)和同源性分析分別使用Megalign軟件和ClustalW軟件( DNASTAR).
1. 4 GtHsβ亞基和GtHRs基因mRNA的組織分布及性腺發(fā)育過程中的表達(dá)檢測(cè)
分別從4尾赤點(diǎn)石斑魚取頭腎、肝、腎、腦、腦垂體、胃、腸、心臟、脾和性腺組織;另取其他不同發(fā)育階段的性腺組織.RNAzol試劑盒提取總RNA,取1.5 μg進(jìn)行反轉(zhuǎn)錄制備cDNA模板.設(shè)計(jì)熒光定量PCR引物(表2 ),在7500快速熒光定量系統(tǒng)( Applied Biosystems)進(jìn)行PCR,以2-ΔΔCT法[21]分析結(jié)果.
表2赤點(diǎn)石斑魚促性腺激素β亞基及其受體基因表達(dá)分析引物Tab.2 Primers used for expression analyses of GtHsβ and GtHRs genes in E.a(chǎn)kaara
1. 5組織學(xué)分析
性腺固定于波恩氏液,冰浴過夜,梯度脫水后包埋于石蠟( Leica)中.切片厚度5 μm,蘇木精-伊紅染色后觀察性腺發(fā)育過程.
1. 6數(shù)據(jù)分析
數(shù)據(jù)以平均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差的形式表示,采用GraphPad Prism 4軟件繪制圖表.采用one-way ANOVA方法進(jìn)行差異顯著性分析,顯著性水平為p<0.05.
2. 1 GtHsβ亞基和GtHRs基因克隆和序列分析
通過RACE方法獲得的FSHβ、LHβ和Fshr基因全長(zhǎng)序列以及Lhcgr基因的部分序列( GenBank登陸號(hào)分別為KJ534537、KJ534538、KJ534535和KJ534536).
FSHβ的cDNA全長(zhǎng)共561 bp,包括開放閱讀框363 bp(包括終止密碼),5'非編碼區(qū)110 bp,3'非編碼區(qū)88 bp,包含poly( A)尾;編碼120個(gè)氨基酸,包含21個(gè)氨基酸的信號(hào)肽及12個(gè)保守的半胱氨酸殘基(圖1 ( a) ).LHβ的cDNA全長(zhǎng)共582 bp,開放閱讀框447 bp(包括終止密碼),5'非編碼區(qū)32 bp,3'非編碼區(qū)103 bp,包含poly( A)尾;編碼148個(gè)氨基酸,包含33個(gè)氨基酸的信號(hào)肽及12個(gè)保守的半胱氨酸殘基(圖1 ( b) ).赤點(diǎn)石斑魚的FSHβ和LHβ都屬于糖蛋白激素,具有保守的半胱氨酸殘基.
Fshr的cDNA全長(zhǎng)共3 540 bp,開放閱讀框2 106 bp(包括終止密碼),5'非編碼區(qū)198 bp,3'非編碼區(qū)1 236 bp,包含poly( A)尾;編碼701個(gè)氨基酸,包含20個(gè)氨基酸的信號(hào)肽,有一個(gè)由376個(gè)氨基酸構(gòu)成的大的氨基端胞外區(qū)、7個(gè)跨膜區(qū)和一個(gè)由62個(gè)氨基酸構(gòu)成的羧基端胞內(nèi)區(qū)(圖1( c) ).Lhcgr的cDNA部分序列1 774 bp,3'非編碼區(qū)220 bp,包含poly( A)尾;編碼517個(gè)氨基酸.
同源性分析表明魚類FSHβ和LHβ氨基酸序列屬于兩個(gè)不同的分支,赤點(diǎn)石斑魚與蜂巢石斑魚( E.merra)和黑邊石斑魚( E.fasciatus)的FSHβ和LHβ氨基酸序列有較高同源性(圖2).魚類相應(yīng)受體氨基酸序列也屬于兩個(gè)不同的分支,赤點(diǎn)石斑魚與斜帶石斑魚( E.coioides)的Fshr和Lhcgr氨基酸序列有較高同源性(圖3).
2. 2 GtHsβ亞基和GtHRs基因mRNA的組織分布
通過熒光定量PCR方法,對(duì)赤點(diǎn)石斑魚GtHsβ亞基和GtHRs基因mRNA在不同組織的表達(dá)進(jìn)行了分析.結(jié)果(圖4)顯示:在所檢測(cè)的組織中,F(xiàn)SHβ與LHβ僅在腦垂體中表達(dá),其他所檢測(cè)組織,即頭腎、肝、腎、腦、胃、腸、心臟、脾和性腺中均無表達(dá); Fshr和Lhcgr僅在性腺中表達(dá).
2. 3 GtHsβ亞基和GtHRs基因mRNA在性腺發(fā)育過程中的表達(dá)模式
對(duì)每尾赤點(diǎn)石斑魚的性腺逐一進(jìn)行組織學(xué)觀察,根據(jù)切面中卵巢和精巢部分所占比例以及兩部分中生殖細(xì)胞及體細(xì)胞的發(fā)育狀態(tài),將性腺發(fā)育分為7個(gè)階段( FⅠ、FⅡ、FⅢ、FⅣ、ET、LT和M),其中FⅠ、FⅡ、FⅢ和FⅣ階段為雌性階段,ET和LT階段為性逆轉(zhuǎn)階段,M階段為雄性階段(表3).
通過熒光定量PCR方法,研究了赤點(diǎn)石斑魚GtHsβ亞基和GtHRs基因mRNA在性腺發(fā)育過程中的表達(dá)模式.結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)垂體中FSHβ在FⅠ階段表達(dá)量較高,隨后顯著下降; FⅡ至FⅣ階段,隨著性腺中卵巢部分的發(fā)育,表達(dá)量逐漸上升; ET階段的表達(dá)量顯著下降,LT階段表達(dá)量迅速上升(圖5( a) ).垂體中LHβ的高表達(dá)量出現(xiàn)在FⅣ階段(雌性成熟階段)、LT階段和M階段(圖5( b) ).性腺中的Fshr在FⅠ階段表達(dá)量高,在FⅡ階段至ET階段表達(dá)量都很低,LT階段表達(dá)量顯著上升,M階段表達(dá)量進(jìn)一步升高并達(dá)到最高水平(圖5( c) ).性腺中Lhcgr的表達(dá)模式與Fshr相似,但表達(dá)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于Fshr(圖5( d) ).
圖1推導(dǎo)的赤點(diǎn)石斑魚促性腺激素及其受體氨基酸序列Fig.1 Deduced amino acid sequences of GtHsβ and GtHRs in E.a(chǎn)kaara
在赤點(diǎn)石斑魚的ET階段,F(xiàn)SHβ基因的表達(dá)量處于低水平,但在LT階段和M階段表達(dá)量升高,這種表達(dá)模式與用MT誘導(dǎo)的斜帶石斑魚( E.coioides)性逆轉(zhuǎn),以及用芳香化酶抑制劑誘導(dǎo)的褐石斑魚( E.bruneus)性逆轉(zhuǎn)過程中FSHβ的表達(dá)模式相似.投喂MT的斜帶石斑魚,在ET階段FSHβ表達(dá)量被顯著抑制,而在M階段表達(dá)量升高到MT處理前水平[15,22].芳香化酶抑制劑誘導(dǎo)的褐石斑魚性逆轉(zhuǎn)過程中,在ET階段,卵巢組織退化伴隨著血清11-酮基睪酮水平升高,但FSHβ表達(dá)量低; LT階段精子發(fā)生過程中FSHβ表達(dá)量才顯著升高[23].然而在蜂巢石斑魚( E.merra)的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),ET階段FSHβ表達(dá)量顯著升高;此外,用分離純化的牛FSH處理雌性蜂巢石斑魚3周后發(fā)生性逆轉(zhuǎn),并伴隨著內(nèi)源性雄性激素水平和FSHβ表達(dá)量的上升[24].這些結(jié)果都表明FSH可能參與調(diào)控石斑魚的性逆轉(zhuǎn),但FSHβ具體的表達(dá)模式在不同種類中有差異.此外,本研究觀察到赤點(diǎn)石斑魚性腺中Fshr基因表達(dá)量在自然性逆轉(zhuǎn)過程中顯著升高,這種表達(dá)模式與蜂巢石斑魚自然性逆轉(zhuǎn)性腺Fshr表達(dá)模式相似[20].然而在MT誘導(dǎo)的斜帶石斑魚性逆轉(zhuǎn)過程中,F(xiàn)shr的表達(dá)受抑制[15].從已有的研究結(jié)果看,F(xiàn)SH信號(hào)通路在不同石斑魚種類自然性逆轉(zhuǎn)和人工誘導(dǎo)的性逆轉(zhuǎn)之間存在不同的調(diào)控機(jī)制.
在大多數(shù)的雌雄異體魚類中,LHβ和Lhcgr基因的mRNA在性腺發(fā)育后期大量表達(dá),提示其對(duì)配子的成熟以及產(chǎn)卵行為有重要作用[16].然而,目前對(duì)LH在雌雄同體魚類性逆轉(zhuǎn)過程中的作用還知之甚少.對(duì)雌性先熟的雌雄同體魚,如雜斑盔魚( Coris julis)[25]和藍(lán)頭瀨魚( Thalassoma bifasciatum)[26]的研究表明,人工注射人絨毛膜促性腺激素( HCG)可以誘導(dǎo)雌性到雄性的性逆轉(zhuǎn).LH或LH類似物可以誘導(dǎo)雌性先熟的雌雄同體魚類,如黃鱔( Monopterus albus)提前發(fā)生性逆轉(zhuǎn)[27].本文中自然性逆轉(zhuǎn)的赤點(diǎn)石斑魚在LT階段和M階段LHβ和Lhcgr表達(dá)量上升,與斜帶石斑魚MT誘導(dǎo)性逆轉(zhuǎn)中的LHβ和Lhcgr表達(dá)模式一致,提示在赤點(diǎn)石斑魚中,LH信號(hào)通路可能參與了性逆轉(zhuǎn)的啟動(dòng)和隨后的精子發(fā)生過程.然而,在芳香化酶抑制劑誘導(dǎo)的褐石斑魚性逆轉(zhuǎn)過程中,LHβ表達(dá)量一直處于低水平[23].蜂巢石斑魚自然性逆轉(zhuǎn)過程中LHβ表達(dá)量也沒有顯著變化;此外分離純化的牛LH也不能有效誘導(dǎo)雌性蜂巢石斑魚發(fā)生性逆轉(zhuǎn)[24].在上述兩項(xiàng)研究中,僅僅關(guān)注了LHβ表達(dá)量,而Lhcgr在性逆轉(zhuǎn)過程中的表達(dá)模式未見研究報(bào)道.
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在赤點(diǎn)石斑魚性腺發(fā)育和性逆轉(zhuǎn)過程中FSHβ與LHβ表達(dá)量差別不大,但從ET階段到LT階段,F(xiàn)SHβ表達(dá)量增加了7倍左右,而LHβ表達(dá)量?jī)H增加3倍左右.此外,雖然性腺中Fshr與Lhcgr的表達(dá)模式相似,但Fshr的表達(dá)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于Lhcgr的表達(dá)量.綜合分析GtHs及其受體基因的表達(dá)量及表達(dá)模式,可以推測(cè)在赤點(diǎn)石斑魚性腺發(fā)育過程中,相對(duì)于LH信號(hào)通路,F(xiàn)SH及其受體在性逆轉(zhuǎn)過程中可能發(fā)揮更重要的作用.
圖2赤點(diǎn)石斑魚和其他魚類物種間促性腺激素β亞基氨基酸序列同源性分析Fig.2 Phylogenetic analysis of GtHsβ between E.a(chǎn)kaara and other species
圖3赤點(diǎn)石斑魚和其他魚類物種間促性腺激素受體氨基酸序列同源性分析Fig.3 Phylogenetic analysis of GtHRs between E.a(chǎn)kaara and other species
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Cloning,Characterization and Expression of Gonadotropins and Their Receptors Genes in Epinephelus akaara
CHEN Yuan,HONG Wanshu*,CHEN Shixi,WANG Qiong,ZHANG Qiyong
( College of Ocean&Earth Sciences,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China)
Abstract:In teleost,signaling pathways between gonadotropins ( GtHs) in pituitary and gonadotropin receptors ( GtHRs) in gonad play important roles in gonadal development.To gain insights into the involvement of GtH/GtHR systems in the gonadal development and sex change process,cDNAs encoding GtHs and their receptors were firstly cloned from Epinephelus akaara,a protogynous hermaphrodite fish,and the expression profiles of GtHβ subunits ( FSHβ and LHβ) and their receptors ( Fshr and Lhcgr) were analyzed.Sequence analyses showed that FSHβ and LHβ were characterized by the glycoprotein hormones family,and Fshr and Lhcgr were characterized by the glycoprotein hormone receptors subfamily in E.a(chǎn)kaara.FSHβ and LHβ were only expressed in pituitary,while Fshr and Lhcgr were only expressed in gonad.During the sex change,the expression of FSHβ was low at early transition ( ET) stage and increased at late transition ( LT) and male ( M) stages.The expression pattern of LHβ was similar to that of FSHβ,while from ET to LT stages,compared with FSHβ,LHβ expression levels showed a slower increase.The expression levels of both Fshr and Lhcgr were low from FⅠto ET stages,increased significantly at LT stage,and reached the highest level at M stage.The expression level of Fshr was much higher than that of Lhcgr.Taken together,our results suggest that GtH/ GtHR systems are involved in the process of gonadal development and sex change in E.a(chǎn)kaara,among which the signaling pathway of FSH possibly plays more important roles than that of LH.
Key words:Epinephelus akaara; GtHs; GtHRs; cloning; expression; gonadal development
*通信作者:wshong@ xmu.edu.cn
基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金( 41276129) ;高等學(xué)校博士學(xué)科點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)科研基金( 20120121110029)
收稿日期:2015-01-16錄用日期: 2015-06-12
doi:10.6043/j.issn.0438-0479.2016.01.008
中圖分類號(hào):Q 785; S 917.4
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
文章編號(hào):0438-0479( 2016) 01-0037-09
引文格式:陳原,洪萬樹,陳仕璽,等.赤點(diǎn)石斑魚促性腺激素及其受體基因的克隆和表達(dá)模式分析[J].廈門大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版),2016,55( 1) : 37-45.
Citation: CHEN Y,HONG W S,CHEN S X,et al.Cloning,characterization and expression of gonadotropins and their receptors genes in Epinephelus akaara[J].Journal of Xiamen University( Natural Science),2016,55( 1) : 37-45.( in Chinese)