不定式常見(jiàn)用法例析

安徽省碭山鐵路中學(xué)西校區(qū)　王瑾瑾

不定式常見(jiàn)用法例析

安徽省碭山鐵路中學(xué)西校區(qū)王瑾瑾

不定式是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種，也是我們現(xiàn)階段英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)。不定式到底有哪些用法呢？讓我們從一些題目中來(lái)看一看吧。

用法一：作主語(yǔ)

It's standard practice for a companylike this one_______a securityofficer.

A.employedB.being employedC.toemployD.employs

解析本題考查固定句型：It+be+n+for sb./sth.todo...,考點(diǎn)為不定式作主語(yǔ)，故答案為C。

對(duì)不定式作主語(yǔ)的考查，常常以固定句型的形式出現(xiàn)，主要有以下5種句型：

①I(mǎi)t+be+名詞+to do...

e.g.：It's our duty to take good care of the old.

②It+be+形容詞+for sb.+to do...

e.g.：It is difficult for us to finish the task in an hour.

③It+be+形容詞+of sb.+to do...

e.g.：It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.

④It takes sb.+some time+to do...

e.g.：How long did it take you to finish the work？

⑤It seems+形容詞+to do...

e.g.：It seemed impossible to save money.

只要熟記這些句型，不定式作主語(yǔ)的題目就能迎刃而解了。

用法二：作賓語(yǔ)

1.David threatened_______his neighbor tothe police if the damage were not paid.

A.tobe reportedB.reportingC.toreportD.having reported.

2.Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried_______alone，but she didn't like it and moved back home.

A.livingB.to liveC.tobe livingD.having lived

解析1.考查不定式作賓語(yǔ)。threatened的后面只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，句中表示“大衛(wèi)威脅鄰居如果損害沒(méi)有得到賠償，他將報(bào)警”。故答案為C。

考點(diǎn)分析：下列動(dòng)詞后面只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)：決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，設(shè)法拒絕愿假裝，主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。這一順口溜對(duì)應(yīng)下列單詞：decide/determine，learn，want，hope/wish/expect，manage，refuse，care，pretend，offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask/beg，help。我們記住了這個(gè)順口溜，做題的時(shí)候就能事半功倍了。

2.考查不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。此時(shí)要注意區(qū)分：trydoing意為“嘗試做……”，而try to do意為”努力去做……”。根據(jù)句意“蘇珊不想再依靠父母，她嘗試獨(dú)自居住但并不喜歡，最后又搬回了家”確定答案為A。類(lèi)似的詞還有can't help，go on，mean，for get，remember，regret，stop及try，要注意他們后面跟動(dòng)名詞和不定式時(shí)意義上的區(qū)別。

牛刀小試：

1.The boy pretended_______when his mother entered.

A.readingB.toreadC.tobe readingD.beingread

2.Nervous and anxious，Jill failed_______a good impression at the job interview.

A.tohave madeB.makingC.tomakeD.having made

3.We find it impossible for the work_______ahead of time.

A.tofinishB.finishingC.being finishedD.to be finished

4.—What about your adventure in the forest last week？

—Wonderful！I didn't expect there_______so many lovely monkeys！

A.to beB.beingC.of beingD.be

答案1.C2.A3.D4.A

用法三：作表語(yǔ)

Ladies and gentlemen，please remain_______until the plane has come to a complete stop.

A.seatedB.seatingC.to seatD.seat

解析不定式作表語(yǔ)?？疾橄祫?dòng)詞remain后面的情況。remain作“尚待，留待”講時(shí)，后加“tobe done”作表語(yǔ)；remain作“仍然”時(shí)，后面加現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)。因此答案為B。

用法四：作定語(yǔ)

1.There are still many problems_______before we are ready for a longstayon the Moon.

A.solvingB.solvedC.being solvedD.to be solved

2.The airport_______next year will help promote tourismin this area.

A.being completedB.tobe completedC.completedD.having been completed

不定式作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，修飾前面的名詞或代詞，表示不定式動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生或?qū)⒁M(jìn)行。

解析1.在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是必須有人去完成某件事情時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式；如果說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是事情本身必須被完成，不定式則用被動(dòng)形式。本題題意為“在我們準(zhǔn)備在月球上長(zhǎng)期生活之前，還有很多問(wèn)題有待于解決?！狈治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)得知，空處在句中作定語(yǔ)。又根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處表示沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用不定式，又因?yàn)閟olve和problems之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此用不定式的被動(dòng)式，故選擇D。

2.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)得知，空處在句中作定語(yǔ)。又根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處表示沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用不定式，又因?yàn)閏omplete和airport之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此用不定式的被動(dòng)式，故選擇B。

牛刀小試：

1.The pressure_______causes Americans to be energetic，but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.

A.tocompeteB.tobe competedC.competingD.having competed

2.Could you find someone_______？

A.for me to play tennis withB.for me to play tennis

C.playtennis withD.playing tennis

3.With a lot of difficult problems_______，the newly-elected president is havinga hard time.

A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.being settled

答案1.A2.A3.C

用法五：作狀語(yǔ)

1.Group activities will be organized after class_______children develop teamspirit.

A.helpingB.having helpedC.helpedD.tohelp

2._______our selves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness.

A.Having freedB.FreedC.TofreeD.Freeing

解析1.分析句子可知道這里需要目的狀語(yǔ)，句意為“為了幫助孩子們培養(yǎng)團(tuán)隊(duì)精神，下課后將組織小組活動(dòng)”。目的狀語(yǔ)通常用不定式表示。故選擇D。

2.根據(jù)題干和句意可知本題考查不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，相對(duì)于上一題，本題結(jié)構(gòu)更清晰。句意為“為了讓我們從身體和精神的緊張中放松下來(lái)，我們都需要深刻的思考和內(nèi)心的平靜?！惫蔬x擇C。綜合這兩題，我們得出結(jié)論：目的狀語(yǔ)通常用動(dòng)詞不定式表示。

牛刀小試：

A.tobe toldB.tellingC.being toldD.told

2.The air is very hard to _______in Tibet because of the high altitude.

A.breath inB.be breathed inC.breathD.be breathed

答案1.A2.C

用法六：作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

Ⅰ.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

1.I advised him_______smoking，but he wouldn't listen.

A.give upB.togive upC.givingupD.tobe given up

2.Whom would you like_______with you，John or me？

A.goB.have goneC.have goD.to go

解析這兩題考查一些動(dòng)詞后面用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的情況。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：advise/allow/ask/expect/encourage/get/invite/like/persuade/remind/require/suppose/ tell/want/warn/wish/would like/call on/depend on+sb.+（not）to do sth.。故第1題選擇B，第2題選擇D。

Ⅱ.作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

1.Passengers are permitted_______only one piece of hand luggage on to the plane.

A.tocarryB.carryingC.tobe carriedD.beingcarried

2.He is thought_______foolishly.Nowhe has noone but himself to blame for losing the job.

A.toactB.tohave actedC.actingD.having acted

解析主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的出現(xiàn)是因?yàn)樵瓉?lái)含有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的句子變成了被動(dòng)句，因此，原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)就變成了新句子的主語(yǔ)，那么原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就變成了新句子的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)了。因此，我們做題的時(shí)候只要將結(jié)構(gòu)還原成原來(lái)的主動(dòng)句就可以了。

1.分析題目知道句意是“旅客僅被允許攜帶一件手提行李上飛機(jī)”，permit sb.to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動(dòng)為sb.be permitted to do sth.，因此選項(xiàng)為A。

2.本題考查sb./sth.be said/believed/known/supposed/reported/considered/found/thought...+to do sth./tobe done/to have done/to have been done，本結(jié)構(gòu)中，用to do表示尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用tohave done表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。根據(jù)句意“他被認(rèn)為表現(xiàn)得很愚蠢”，表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的動(dòng)作，故選擇B。

牛刀小試：

1.They knew her very well.They had seen her_______up from childhood.

A.growB.grewC.was growingD.togrow

2.The teacher asked us_______somuch noise.

A.don't makeB.not makeC.not makingD.not tomake

3.My advisor encouraged________a summer course to improve my writing skills.

A.for me takingB.me takingC.for me totakeD.me totake

4.The flu is believed_______by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.

A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobe causedD.tohave caused

5.—Is Bob still performing？

—I'mafraid not.He is said_______the stage a lready as he has become an official.

A.to have leftB.to leaveC.to have been leftD.to be left

答案1.A2.D3.D4.C5.A

1.George after the war，only_______that his wife had left him.