鐘 武,楊 帆
(西南醫(yī)科大學附屬醫(yī)院急診醫(yī)學部,四川瀘州 646000)
氧化應激對靜脈性潰瘍SDF-1α/CXCR4時相性表達的影響
鐘 武,楊 帆
(西南醫(yī)科大學附屬醫(yī)院急診醫(yī)學部,四川瀘州 646000)
目的:探討靜脈性潰瘍組織中氧化應激反應對SDF-1α/CXCR4表達時相的影響。方法:56例靜脈性潰瘍患者的潰瘍創(chuàng)面標本,其中男性40例,女性16例,按病程分為:2周組;3周組;4周組;5周組,以正常皮膚56例作為對照組,測定氧化應激產物丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)。Western blot檢測各組潰瘍創(chuàng)面SDF-1α、CXCR4表達趨勢,結果用灰度值分析;用免疫熒光雙染色檢測SDF-1α/CD31在潰瘍組織中表達的相關性。結果:發(fā)病3周后,靜脈性潰瘍組織MDA含量較正常皮膚組明顯升高(P<0.05),GSH含量則明顯降低(P<0.05)。Western blot結果顯示靜脈性潰瘍SDF-1α、CXCR4變化趨勢一致,與正常皮膚組比較,病程>3周各組表達顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),氧化應激產物變化與SDF-1α、CXCR4表達聯(lián)系密切。經免疫熒光雙染色顯示,發(fā)病3周后,靜脈性潰瘍組織中SDF-1α、CD31的表達下調。結論:靜脈性潰瘍創(chuàng)面氧化應激反應持續(xù)增強,引起SDF-1α/CXCR4表達下調,可能與靜脈性潰瘍修復障礙有關。
基質細胞衍生因子-1α;趨化因子受體4;靜脈性潰瘍;氧化應激
靜脈性潰瘍繼發(fā)于下肢靜脈功能不全[1](chronic venous insufficiency,CVI),治療效果較差[2]。目前,靜脈性潰瘍發(fā)病機制尚未完全闡明,但已有研究表明氧化應激是靜脈性潰瘍繼發(fā)血管新生障礙中的重要環(huán)節(jié)[3],而基質細胞衍生因子-1α(stromal cell derived factor-1α,SDF-1α)及CXC趨化因子受體4(CXC chemokine receptor 4,CXCR4)組成的生物軸能在缺血缺氧組織中高表達[4],并且氧化應激產物能促進SDF-1α/CXCR4趨化陽性表達的骨髓間充質干細胞向損傷部位募集[5],使其在多種組織的再生過程中發(fā)揮著重要調控作用。但是靜脈性潰瘍組織中氧化應激與SDF-1α/CXCR4表達變化的內在聯(lián)系尚不清楚,本研究通過觀察氧化應激狀態(tài)下SDF-1α/CXCR4表達的時相性變化,探討氧化應激對靜脈性潰瘍修復的影響機制。
1.1 一般資料與分組
采集我院2014年1月至2015年1月收治的56例靜脈性潰瘍患者下肢潰瘍創(chuàng)面標本,其中男性40例,女性16例,平均年齡(55.37±4.22)歲,按潰瘍病程分為:2周組;3周組;4周組;5周組。每組14人。取材要求:切除與正常皮膚交界處潰瘍組織,約0.3 cm×0.3 cm大小,以檢測氧化應激對潰瘍修復的影響。取下肢淺表良性腫瘤梭形切除時的正常皮膚56例作為對照組,平均年齡(56.48±4.37)歲,取材前排除血管性疾病、糖尿病等。
1.2 實驗試劑及儀器
谷胱甘肽(GSH)試劑盒,丙二醛(MDA)試劑盒(南京建成公司),小鼠SDF-1α單克隆抗體(abcom,英國),小鼠多克隆二抗(abcom,英國),兔CXCR4多隆抗體(abcom,英國),兔多克隆二抗(abcom,英國),小鼠CD31多克隆抗體(GenTex,美國),小鼠多克隆二抗(GenTex,美國),小鼠GAPDH單克隆抗體(abcom,英國),BZI-9000熒光顯微鏡 (日本),LAS400顯像系統(tǒng)(日本)。
1.3 MDA、GSH檢測
取正常皮膚、靜脈性潰瘍新鮮組織后,碾磨成組織勻漿,用MDA檢測試劑盒,硫代巴比妥酸法測定標本中的MDA含量;比色法定量測定GSH含量。
1.4 Western blot檢測
RIPA提取組織蛋白,凝膠電泳后轉膜,脫脂牛奶封閉 2 h分別滴加一抗SDF-1α(1∶1 000)、CXCR4(1∶1 000)和GAPDH(1∶1 000),4℃孵育過夜。次日,洗膜后滴加相應小鼠多克隆二抗(1∶2 000),兔多克隆二抗(1∶2 000)。室溫孵育1 h用LAS400顯像系統(tǒng)觀察顯影,成像后采用IMAGE J2X軟件測定條帶灰度值行半定量分析。
1.5 免疫熒光雙染色
每個標本連續(xù)切5 μm厚切片,經固定、通透后山羊血清室溫封閉30 min,分別滴加兔CXCR4多隆抗體(1∶100)、小鼠CD31多克隆抗體(1∶100),避光孵育 1 h后,加入對應兔多克隆二抗(1∶200),小鼠多克隆二抗(1∶200);熒光顯微鏡下觀察、采集圖像。
1.6 統(tǒng)計學處理
2.1 不同類型潰瘍MDA、GSH的濃度檢測。
在532 nm和 420 nm分別測定正常皮膚組和潰瘍組MDA、GSH的吸光度,經公式計算正常皮膚組MDA的含量為(0.41±0.33)nmol∕mL,GSH的含量為(8.52±1.91)nmol∕mL;MDA、GSH濃度在靜脈性潰瘍病程三周開始明顯高于正常皮膚組,且時間越長,升高越明顯,差異均具有統(tǒng)計學意義 (P<0.05,見表1)。
表1 各組潰瘍MDA、GSH含量比較(nmol∕mL,)
表1 各組潰瘍MDA、GSH含量比較(nmol∕mL,)
注:a表示與皮膚對照組、靜脈性潰瘍2 W組比較,P<0.05;b表示與靜脈性潰瘍3 W組比較,P<0.05;c表示與靜脈性潰瘍4 W組比較,P<0.05
組別正常皮膚組靜脈性潰瘍2 W組靜脈性潰瘍3 W組靜脈性潰瘍4 W組靜脈性潰瘍5 W組n 56 14 14 14 14 F P MDA(nmol∕mL)0.41±0.33 0.56±0.54 2.55±0.41a5.69±0.41ab8.86±0.46abc5.391<0.05 GSH(mg∕L)8.52±1.91 7.94±1.17 5.60±1.02a2.88±0.71ab1.13±0.62abc6.332<0.05
2.2 SDF-1α/CXCR4在潰瘍組織中的表達
通過Western blot檢測,靜脈性潰瘍組中發(fā)病3周后SDF-1α、CXCR4表達明顯升高,但4周后,隨著MDA濃度持續(xù)升高,SDF-1α、CXCR4含量逐漸下降,直至 5周時已降至正常水平,灰度值分析顯示,靜脈性潰瘍病程2周、3周組與正常皮膚比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),見圖1A、1B。病程 4周、5周組與病程2周、3周組比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),見圖1A、1C。
圖1 各組靜脈性潰瘍SDF-1α、CXCR4表達的時相性變化
2.3 SDF-1α、CD31免疫熒光雙染色
SDF-1α、CD31雙染色,結果示:靜脈性潰瘍早期(2~3周),SDF-1α、CD31表達上調,病程4周、5周組SDF-1α、CD31表達顯著降低,在某些區(qū)域出現(xiàn)點狀融合,共同表達于潰瘍組織中(圖2)。
圖2 免疫熒光雙染色檢測靜脈性潰瘍各個病程組SDF-1α/CD31表達相關性(×400)
氧化應激在調控細胞凋亡、增殖、衰老和分化過程中起著關鍵作用[6]。脂質過氧化產物—丙二醛可反映潰瘍組織過氧化程度[7],GSH參與清除ROS防護氧化應激對機體產生的損傷[8]。其含量可在一定程度上反映機體的抗氧化能力[8-9]。目前人類已知的趨化因子達40多種,SDF-1α屬于CXC類,它可以激活其特異性受體CXCR4,在缺血、缺氧的環(huán)境下表達增強[10],促進血管新生[11],CXCR4會誘導間充質干細胞在SDF-1α/CXCR4生物軸的調控下向損傷部位遷移,提高損傷修復功能[12]。SDF-1α/CXCR4通路還參與骨髓中性粒細胞動員[13],與組織損傷后中性粒細胞向損傷部位的遷移密切相關[14]。目前已證實,SDF-1α/CXCR4生物軸這種募集細胞促進損傷修復的過程在骨、肌肉等多種組織器官損傷修復中有極大的調控潛力[15]。
對于靜脈性潰瘍,其再生修復過程需要穩(wěn)定的內環(huán)境,充足的血供和前體細胞以及多種活性因子協(xié)同參與[16],在潰瘍組織中,氧化應激一方面可直接介導組織損傷,另一方面活性氧自由基可抑制組織促修復因子(SDF-1、FGF、EGF、TGF-β等)向損傷部位遷移[17],臨床上表現(xiàn)為創(chuàng)面遷延不愈。本研究針對氧化應激與SDF-1α/CXCR4的內在聯(lián)系,結果發(fā)現(xiàn)在靜脈性潰瘍創(chuàng)面SDF-1α、CXCR4與MDA、GSH出現(xiàn)明顯變化是從病程3周開始,隨著MDA濃度持續(xù)升高,GSH含量不足以抑制局部氧化作用,3周后潰瘍SDF-1α、CXCR4表達隨即受到明顯抑制,病程5周時已降至正常水平,CXCR4變化趨勢與SDF-1α一致,氧化應激導致局部SDF-1α/CXCR4的量相對不足。同樣,病程3周后CD31、CXCR4表達下降,與Western blot檢測SDF-1α、CXCR4的時相變化一致,結合分析MDA、GSH變化趨勢表明氧化應激明顯抑制潰瘍局部血管新生。以上結果說明,病程前3周可能是靜脈性潰瘍病情演變的時間窗。
研究表明:靜脈性潰瘍創(chuàng)面氧化應激反應持續(xù)增強,抗氧化能力減弱,抑制SDF-1α/CXCR4生物軸對損傷組織的修復功能,阻礙血管新生,加重局部缺血缺氧程度,如果爭取在SDF-1α/CXCR4變化時間窗內(發(fā)病3周內)進行抗氧化應激相關治療,有望成為此類疾病新的治療方向。
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(2016-01-20收稿)
Effect of oxidative stress on the expression of SDF-1琢/CXCR4 in venous ulcer
Zhong Wu,Yang Fan
Department of Emergency Medicine,the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,Luzhou 646000,Sichuan Province,China
Objective:To investigate the effect of oxidative stress on the expression of SDF-1α/CXCR4 in venous ulcer.Methods:Ulcer samples were obtained from 56 patients including 40 males and 16 females with lower extremity venous ulcer treated.The ulcer samples were divided into 2,3,4,and 5 weeks groups based on the duration of the disease,and normal skin samples from 56 patients were used as controls.The oxidative stress products,MDA and GSH were analyzed.The expression of SDF-1α and CXCR4 was analyzed by western blot followed by densitometry analysis,and the colocalization ofSDF-1α and CD31 wasevaluated by immunofluorescence double staining.Results:After 3 weeks the concentration of MDA increased,whereas that of GSH decreased significantly(P<0.05)respe-ctively compared to controls.The expression of both SDF-1α and CXCR4 was gradually decreased,which became significant(P<0.05)after 3 weeks compared with that in the control groups.Immunofluorescence double staining revealed that the level of SDF-1α and CD31 was also markedly decreased in the venous ulcer group after 3 weeks compared with those in the control group,SDF-1α and CD31 colocalization was observed.Conclusion:The decreased expression of SDF-1α/CXCR4 induced by oxidative stress is possibly associated with the pathogenesis of venous ulcer.
Stromal cell derived factor-1α;Chemokine recceptor 4;Venous ulcer;Oxidative stress
R654.4
A
10.3969/j.issn.1000-2669.2016.02.004
鐘 武(1973-),男,主任醫(yī)師,教授。E-mail:zhongwu2876@sina.com